[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/18466#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/18466","headline":"\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2 – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","name":"\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2 – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","description":"before-content-x4 \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2 \uff08\u307e\u305f\uff1a \u30d0\u30ac\u30e9\u30a6\u30a2 \uff09\u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u90e8\u9580\u306e\u7530\u820e\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u753a\u3067\u3059\u3002 after-content-x4 \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306f\u30b5\u30d8\u30eb\u5357\u90e8\u306e\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8fd1\u96a3\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u3001\u5317\u306e\u30c6\u30d0\u30e9\u30e0\u3001\u5317\u6771\u90e8\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30d9\u30a4\u3001\u6771\u306e\u30a4\u30ea\u30e9\u3001\u897f\u306e\u30c9\u30b4\u30f3\u30ad\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u5317\u897f\u306e\u30b3\u30a2\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u5e02\u306f\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u3068\u7530\u820e\u306e\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u5730\u57df\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u5730\u533a\u3068\u30a8\u30c3\u30ab\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7530\u820e\u306e\u5e02\u5185\u5730\u57df\u306e\u96c6\u843d\u306f\u300147\u306e\u6751\u300178\u306e\u30cf\u30e0\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u30012\u3064\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d7\u3067\u3059\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306e\u5e02\u753a\u6751\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6d77\u306e\u96cc\u99ac\u306e\u30c0\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u300238,250\u30d8\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6e7f\u5730\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30eb\u5927\u4f1a\u5f8c\u306e2005\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4fdd\u8b77\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [2] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306f\u5bb6\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u30a2\u30ab\u30b7\u30a2\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 1970\u5e74\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u6295\u7a3f\uff08 \u7ba1\u7406\u8077 \uff09\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u306e1\u3064 \u7ba1\u7406\u90f5\u4fbf\u5c40 \u4e0b\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\u30e6\u30cb\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [3] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306e\u8fb2\u6751\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30012002\u5e74\u306b\u30a4\u30ea\u30e9\/\u30bf\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30a8\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 2010\u5e74\u306e\u897f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e2d\u592e\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u6d2a\u6c34\u707d\u5bb3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306e8596\u4eba\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u304c\u707d\u5bb3\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [4]","datePublished":"2020-07-18","dateModified":"2020-07-18","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/de\/timeline\/1hyqwrzoelpv4nwd0i9btt0n9nrztoa.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/de\/timeline\/1hyqwrzoelpv4nwd0i9btt0n9nrztoa.png","height":"","width":""},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/18466","wordCount":2805,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2 \uff08\u307e\u305f\uff1a \u30d0\u30ac\u30e9\u30a6\u30a2 \uff09\u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u90e8\u9580\u306e\u7530\u820e\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u753a\u3067\u3059\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306f\u30b5\u30d8\u30eb\u5357\u90e8\u306e\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8fd1\u96a3\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u3001\u5317\u306e\u30c6\u30d0\u30e9\u30e0\u3001\u5317\u6771\u90e8\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30d9\u30a4\u3001\u6771\u306e\u30a4\u30ea\u30e9\u3001\u897f\u306e\u30c9\u30b4\u30f3\u30ad\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u5317\u897f\u306e\u30b3\u30a2\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u5e02\u306f\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u3068\u7530\u820e\u306e\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u5730\u57df\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u5730\u533a\u3068\u30a8\u30c3\u30ab\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7530\u820e\u306e\u5e02\u5185\u5730\u57df\u306e\u96c6\u843d\u306f\u300147\u306e\u6751\u300178\u306e\u30cf\u30e0\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u30012\u3064\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d7\u3067\u3059\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306e\u5e02\u753a\u6751\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6d77\u306e\u96cc\u99ac\u306e\u30c0\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u300238,250\u30d8\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6e7f\u5730\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30eb\u5927\u4f1a\u5f8c\u306e2005\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4fdd\u8b77\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [2] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306f\u5bb6\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u30a2\u30ab\u30b7\u30a2\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 1970\u5e74\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u6295\u7a3f\uff08 \u7ba1\u7406\u8077 \uff09\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u306e1\u3064 \u7ba1\u7406\u90f5\u4fbf\u5c40 \u4e0b\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\u30e6\u30cb\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [3] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306e\u8fb2\u6751\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30012002\u5e74\u306b\u30a4\u30ea\u30e9\/\u30bf\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30a8\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 2010\u5e74\u306e\u897f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e2d\u592e\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u6d2a\u6c34\u707d\u5bb3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u306e8596\u4eba\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u304c\u707d\u5bb3\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [4] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u7ba1\u7406\u8077\u306f2011\u5e74\u306b\u30a4\u30ea\u30e9\u5c40\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u7701\u306b\u80b2\u3061\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [5]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x42012\u5e74\u306e\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u6751\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u306f10,797\u4e16\u5e2f\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f72,293\u4eba\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] 2001\u5e74\u306e\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u306f7063\u4e16\u5e2f\u306745,112\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [6] \u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306f\u30019497\u4eba\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u304c2012\u5e74\u306e\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u30671451\u4e16\u5e2f\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] 978\u4e16\u5e2f\u306e2001\u5e746211\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u3067 [6] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u30011988\u5e74\u306e618\u4e16\u5e2f\u306e4282\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u3002 [7] \u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a \uff08\u5e02\u8b70\u4f1a\uff09 \u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306f19\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002 2020\u5e74\u306e\u5730\u65b9\u9078\u6319\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5e02\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u8b70\u5e2d\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u914d\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a13 PNDS-Tarayya\u30013 PSD-Bassira\u30012 MPR-Jamhuriya\u30011 ADN-Fusaha\u3002 [8] \u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5730\u5143\u306e\u5e02\u9577 \uff08\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u30c1\u30fc\u30d5\uff09 \u7530\u820e\u306e\u5e02\u753a\u6751\u306e33\u306e\u6751\u306e\u6700\u4e0a\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u521d\u3081]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u96e8\u306e\u7551\u306e\u5efa\u7269\u304c\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a\u5730\u57df\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5317\u897f\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5357\u6771\u3067\u306f\u704c\u6f11\u5834\u306e\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [9] \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8c46\u3068\u7a40\u7269\u306e\u8cbf\u6613\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5e02\u5834\u304c\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u5341] \u8fb2\u696d\u6a5f\u5668\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6750\u6599\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5dde\u4f9b\u7d66\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff08CAIMA\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6751\u306e\u8ca9\u58f2\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [11] 1981\u5e74\u306b\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u6c17\u5019\u6e2c\u5b9a\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u7a3c\u50cd\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [12\u756a\u76ee] \u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u30d8\u30eb\u30b9\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc \u7d71\u5408\u30d8\u30eb\u30b9\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc \uff08CSI\uff09\u306f\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u5730\u57df\u3068\u3001changnassou\u3001Dan Doutchi\u3001Gougouh\u00e9ma\u3001Mani Ada\u3001Sahiya\u3001Tsamia\u306e\u5165\u690d\u5730\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u5e02\u306e\u4fdd\u5065\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u3001\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3068\u7523\u79d1\u75c5\u68df\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [13] CEG Bagaroua\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4e8c\u6b21\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u3059 \u5168\u822c\u7684 \uff08\u8db3\uff09\u3002 [14] \u3067 \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30ab\u30eb\u30a8\u30c7\u30e5\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8 \uff08Cet Bagaroua\uff09\u306f\u6280\u8853\u6280\u8853\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u3059\u3002 [15] \u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc \u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc \uff08CFM Bagaroua\uff09\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u65e5\u713c\u3051\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5efa\u8a2d\u3001\u5927\u5de5\u3001\u4ed5\u7acb\u3066\u5c4b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [16] \u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001NationalStrasse 15\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u90e8\u9580\u306e\u9996\u90fdIll\u00e9la\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2191 a b c d  \u5730\u57df\u306e\u5168\u56fd\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\uff08renaloc\uff09\u3002 \uff08RAR\uff09\u56fd\u7acb\u7d71\u8a08\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u30b8\u30e5\u30ea2014\u3001 S. 324\u2013327 \u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb \u5348\u524d 24. 2015\u5e749\u6708 ; 2022\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  Dan Doutchi\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6d77\u3067\u3002 \u306e\uff1a Ramsar\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u60c5\u5831\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3002 13. 2018\u5e744\u6708\u3001 2019\u5e743\u670813\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b8\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\uff1a \u6291\u5727\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u753a\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5e30\u9084\u3002\u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u4eee\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u653f\u6cbb\u653f\u6cbb\u653f\u6cbb\u653f\u6a29\u518d\u8a2d\u8a08\u306e\u5206\u6790 \u3002 Prodig\u3001Paris 1999\u3001ISBN 2-901560-38-5\u3001 S.  35 \uff08 Archives-Uuvertes.fr [PDF; 2013\u5e748\u670817\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9]\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3001Web\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\u3067\u691c\u7d22\uff1a  @\u521d\u3081 @2 \u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\uff1aDead Link\/www.cic.ne  \u6d2a\u6c34\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\uff082010\uff09 \u3002 2010\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\u306b\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fcD’Inde de Communication\u306eWeb\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306f\u30012012\u5e743\u670831\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002  \u2191  \u884c\u653f\u306e\u518d\u5206\u914d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6cd5\u5f8b \u3002\u306e\uff1a \u30d1\u30e9\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u6728 \u3002 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  13 \u300111\u30022011\u5e748\u6708\u3001 S.  2 \uff08 web.Archive.org [PDF; 2022\u5e744\u67089\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9]\uff09\u3002   \u2191 a b  \u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\uff08Renacom\uff09\u3002 \uff08rar-datei\uff09\u56fd\u7acb\u7d71\u8a08\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001 2010\u5e7411\u67088\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  1988\u5e74\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\uff1a\u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6751\u306e\u5168\u56fd\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea \u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u5c40\u3001\u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8a08\u753b\u7701\u3001\u30cb\u30fc\u30e1\u30a4\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30c41991\u5e74\u3001 S.  304 \uff08 web.Archive.org [PDF; 2019\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9]\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u7d50\u679c\u9078\u6319 – \u5171\u540c\u3002 \uff08\u3082\u306f\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff09\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u00e9lectoraleNationaleind\u00e9pendante\u3001\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6 \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb \u5348\u524d 2021\u5e741\u67087\u65e5 ; 2021\u5e741\u67082\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u60c5\u5831\uff1a \u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u307e\u3060\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6307\u793a\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u3068\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002 @\u521d\u3081 @2 \u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\uff1awebachiv\/iabot\/www.ceniniger.org   \u2191  \u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u8fb2\u6751\u4e16\u5e2f\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002 \uff08PDF\uff09Save The Children UK\u30012009\u3001 S. 8 \u3001 2020\u5e749\u67082\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u300c\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u300d\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30be\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u751f\u8a08\u3002 \uff08PDF\uff09\u98e2amine\u65e9\u671f\u8b66\u544a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30012011\u5e748\u6708\u3001 S. 27 \u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb \u5348\u524d 28. 2013\u5e749\u6708 ; 2021\u5e742\u67089\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30ab\u30a4\u30de \u3002\u306e\uff1a \u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30d9\u30ec\u30fc\u3002\u30ca\u30a4\u30b8\u30a7\u30ea\u30a2\u8ecd\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u304a\u3088\u3073\u60c5\u5831\u901f\u5831 \u3002 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  17 \u3001 2013\u5e745\u6708\u3001 S.  28 \u3002   \u2191  \u30b5\u30cf\u30e9\u4ee5\u5357\u306e\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u6c34\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3002\u897f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u8af8\u56fd\u3002\u56fd\u306e\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\uff1a\u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb \u3002 Mott Macdonald International \/ BCEOM \/ SOGREAH \/ ORSTOM\u3001CAMBRIDGE \/ MONTPELLIER \/ GRENOBLE 1992\u5e748\u6708\u3001Annexe E\uff1a \u964d\u96e8\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \u3001 S.  6 \uff08 horizo\u200b\u200bn.documentation.ird.fr [PDF; 2022\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9]\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30ebDSS\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u56fd\u7acb\u885b\u751f\u60c5\u5831\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\uff08SNIS\uff09\u3002 \u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u8846\u885b\u751f\u7701\u3001 2020\u5e7411\u670810\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb-2008\u20132009\u5b66\u6821\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u8abf\u67fb\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u8f9e\u66f8\u3002 \uff08\u3082\u306f\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff092013\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5\u3001R\u00e9publiquedDu Niger\u3001National De La Statistique Institute\u3001\u4ee5\u524d \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb ; 2020\u5e7411\u670810\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002 @\u521d\u3081 @2 \u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\uff1aDead Link\/Anado.ins.ne \uff08 \u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044  Webarchiven \uff09\uff09   \u2191  \u3053\u306e\u30bf\u30db\u30a6\u30a2\u3002 \u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u6280\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u7701\u3001 2020\u5e7411\u670818\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  Bagaroua\u306eCFM\uff08\u53d6\u5f15\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3002 \u30cb\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u6280\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u7701\u3001 2020\u5e7411\u670818\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\uff09\u3002         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/18466#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u30d0\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30a2 – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2"}}]}]