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1980\u5e74\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u8d64\u5b57\u306f\u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u306e1.8\uff05\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [2] \u307e\u305f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u304c\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30ed\u30d3\u30fc\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [3]  \u30a2\u30a6\u30b0\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30d4\u30ce\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30c8\uff081982\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u30af\u30fc\u30c7\u30bf\u30fc\u306e9\u5468\u5e74\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u30d1\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9\u3002 1980\u5e74\u3001\u30d4\u30ce\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30c8\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u306e\u5c11\u5e74\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u82e6\u3057\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u8cc7\u672c\u5831\u9053\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u79fb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] \u5e74\u91d1\u3092\u6c11\u55b6\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u306f\u3001\u672c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3068\u304d\u306b\u521d\u3081\u3066\u30db\u30bb\u30fb\u30d4\u30cb\u30a7\u30e9\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [4] \u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005 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[\u521d\u3081]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of Contents\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u5f79\u5272 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u7ba1\u7406\u8cbb [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u5e74\u91d1\u4fdd\u967a\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u3068\u5e74\u91d1\u984d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30de\u30ab\u30ed\u30c9\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] 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[8] \u5e74\u91d1\u4fdd\u967a\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u3068\u5e74\u91d1\u984d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5e74\u91d1\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u63a7\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u984d\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8cbb\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u3067\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [9] \u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u540d\u76ee\u4e0a\u306e\u8fd4\u9084\u306f\u5e73\u574710\uff05\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5229\u76ca\uff08\u7ba1\u7406\u8cbb\u3092\u63a7\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\uff09\u306f4.5\u301c6.5\uff05\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [2] 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2006\u5e741\u6708\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u9078\u6319\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u30df\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30d0\u30c1\u30a7\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u306e\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3067 [13] \u30de\u30ab\u30ed\u30c9\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u6bce\u5e74\u3001\u30c1\u30ea\u4eba\u306f\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u306e\u7d043.5\uff05\u306e\u62e0\u51fa\u91d1\u3092\u652f\u6255\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u306e\u652f\u6255\u3044\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u9000\u8077\u5e74\u9f62\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u9810\u91d1\u304c\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306f\u30012008\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u306e52.77\uff05\u306e\u8cc7\u672c\u3092\u84c4\u7a4d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u5e74 2002\u5e74 2003\u5e74 2004\u5e74 2005\u5e74 2006\u5e74 2007\u5e74 2008\u5e74 \u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u306e\uff05\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5e74\u9593\u8ca2\u732e\uff1a [15] 3.57 3.40 3.48 3.57 3.32 3.44 3.49 \u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u306e\uff05\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u652f\u6255\u3044 [16] 1.95 1.99 1.99 1.78 1.64 0.90 1.92 \u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u306e\uff05\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u8cc7\u672c [17] 55.07 58.16 59.08 59.35 61,01 64.43 52.77 \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u4ed6\u306e\u5357\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u8af8\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u52b9\u679c [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306f\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u5f37\u304f\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u56fd\u306b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5949\u4ed5\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30dc\u30ea\u30d3\u30a2\u3001\u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u3001\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30eb\u30d0\u30c9\u30eb\u3001\u30c9\u30df\u30cb\u30ab\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u30ab\u30d0\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u3068\u30da\u30eb\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u6295\u7968\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u4ee3\u66ff\u624b\u6bb5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u307f\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30eb\u30bc\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u3001\u30a6\u30eb\u30b0\u30a2\u30a4\u3001\u30b3\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30ab\u306f\u3001\u5fb4\u53ce\u6cd5\u3068\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u6df7\u5408\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30bc\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u3068\u30da\u30eb\u30fc\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6539\u9769\u306f2007\u5e74\u306b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u53bb\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u62e0\u51fa\u91d1\u304c\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ea\u30a8\u30be\u30f3\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306b\u623b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u304c\u767a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [18] \u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u306e\u5074\u9762 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u306f\u30011985\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u30c1\u30ea\u306f\u5916\u56fd\u306e\u878d\u8cc7\u304b\u3089\u3088\u308a\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [19] \u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u5831\u9053\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3068\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [19] \u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\u3092\u523a\u6fc0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u5831\u9053\u624b\u9806\u3082\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30da\u30eb\u30fc\u3067\u306e\u307f\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u3068\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5076\u7136\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u304c\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30eb\u30bc\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u306b\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u3068\u30e1\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u5831\u9053\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [19] \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u3068\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u8cc7\u672c\u5831\u9053\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [20] \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070B. 1988\u5e74\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u9810\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u7269\u306e2.7\uff05\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u6c11\u9593\u8caf\u84c4\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u8ee2\u63db\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u306e\u7d044\uff05\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u516c\u5171\u306e\u8caf\u84c4\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5408\u8a08\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306f\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u8caf\u84c4\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [21] [22] [23] Peter R. Orszag\u3068Joseph E. Stiglitz\u306f\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u5831\u9053\u624b\u9806\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306f\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u9ad8\u984d\u3092\u7bc0\u7d04\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff08\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u8caf\u84c4\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u304c\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u9ad8\u984d\u3092\u7bc0\u7d04\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6295\u8cc7\u5f62\u614b\uff09\u3002\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u8caf\u84c4\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u8cc7\u672c\u682a\u304c\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u307e\u305f\u306f\u56fd\u5bb6\u304c\u5e74\u91d1\u8ee2\u63db\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50b5\u52d9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d44\u7e54\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u516c\u5171\u5e74\u91d1\u4fdd\u967a\u3068\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u4fdd\u967a\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u8cc7\u672c\u88dc\u511f\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u30ab\u30d0\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u8caf\u84c4\u7387\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u3068\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [24] \u3053\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30011980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u4ed6\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u570f\u3067\u3082\u6539\u9769\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u8cc7\u672c\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u6210\u719f\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u8cc7\u672c\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3001\u8caf\u84c4\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6295\u8cc7\u306e\u610f\u6b32\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [19]  2006\u5e743\u6708\u306b\u30df\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30fb\u30d0\u30c1\u30a7\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u8ca1\u52d9\u5927\u81e3\u306b\u4efb\u547d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ec\u30fb\u30d9\u30e9\u30b9\u30b3 \u5b66\u58eb\u53f7\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306f2008\u5e74\u306b\u518d\u3073\u6539\u9769\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5b66\u58eb\u53f7\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u9867\u554f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ec\u30fb\u30f4\u30a7\u30e9\u30b9\u30b3\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3068\u884c\u653f\u8cbb\u7528\u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ec\u30fb\u30f4\u30a7\u30e9\u30b9\u30b3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u5916\u306b\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u591a\u3059\u304e\u3066\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u306e\u52a9\u3051\u3092\u501f\u308a\u3066\u8cc7\u672c\u7de8\u6210\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u4fa1\u3067\u3059\u3002 [13] 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[25] \u6539\u9769\u306b\u306f\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u70b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [26] \u6700\u5c0f\u5e74\u91d1\u306e\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30aa\u30f3\u30df\u30cb\u30de\u4fdd\u8a3c\uff08PMG\uff09\u3068\u5e74\u91d1\u30a2\u30b8\u30ba\u30e0\uff08PASIS\uff09\u304c\u7a0e\u91d1\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u9023\u5e2f\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\uff08PLC\uff09 \u4ea4\u63db\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u300165\u6b73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5e02\u6c11\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u308220\u5e74\u9593\u30c1\u30ea\u306b\u4f4f\u3080\u6a29\u5229\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u8acb\u6c42\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4e0b\u56de\u308b\u3002 \u5973\u6027\u306e\u8ca7\u3057\u3044\u5730\u4f4d\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3089\u304b\u8efd\u6e1b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u5e74\u91d1\u57fa\u91d1\u6295\u8cc7\u304c\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u304c\u62e1\u5927\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u81ea\u55b6\u696d\u8005\u306f\u30012015\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u79fb\u884c\u671f\u9593\u5185\u306b\u5e74\u91d1\u4fdd\u967a\u5236\u5ea6\u306b\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u30b7\u30f3\u30cf\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u3068\u56fd\u969b\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u6848\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u305d\u306e\u6559\u8a13 \u3002 Kluwer Academic Publishers\u30012000\u3001ISBN 0-7923-7882-2\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  Guillermo Larrain Rois\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3068\u30ab\u30ea\u30d6\u6d77\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306e\u56db\u534a\u4e16\u7d00 \u3002 Inter American Development Bank\u30012005\u3001ISBN 1-59782-020-2\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u30e2\u30cb\u30ab\u30bf\u30a6\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\uff1a \u653b\u6483\u4e2d\u306e\u5e74\u91d1 \u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u653f\u7b56\u4ee3\u66ff\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30012001\u5e74\u3001ISBN 1-55028-694-3\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u2191 a b c d  Joaquin Vial Ruiz-Tale\u3001Francisca Castro\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3001OECD\u8001\u5316\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 1998\u3001S\u30026\u3002  \u2191 a b c  Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation\u3001Yesko Quiroga\uff1a \u6539\u9769\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304b\u3089\uff1a\u30c1\u30ea\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u6c11\u9593\u5e74\u91d1\u4fdd\u967a\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u6539\u9769\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 @\u521d\u3081 @2 \u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\uff1aDead Link\/www.fes.cl \uff08 \u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044  Webarchiven \uff09\uff09  \u60c5\u5831\uff1a \u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u306f\u3001\u6b20\u9665\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6307\u793a\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002 S. 2\u3002  \u2191 a b  \u30a6\u30a3\u30ec\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30c7\u30de\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30ed\u30a4\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30b9\u30ef\u30eb\u30c9\u3001\u30f4\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30b9\u30ed\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff1a OECD\u52b4\u50cd\u5e02\u5834\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\uff1a\u30c1\u30ea\u3002 OECD\u30012009\u3001144\u3002  \u2191  \u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30cb\u30a8\u30df\u30c3\u30c4\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9996\u90fd\u304c\u8986\u3063\u305f\u9000\u8077\u6761\u9805\u3002 Diplomicaverlag\u3001Hamburg 2008\u3001ISBN 978-3-8366-5903-1\u3001p\u300232\u3002  \u2191  Joaquin Vial Ruiz-Tale\u3001Francisca Castro\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3001OECD\u8001\u5316\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 1998\u3001S\u30027\u3002  \u2191  Joaquin Vial Ruiz-Tale\u3001Francisca Castro\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3001OECD\u8001\u5316\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 1998\u3001S\u300210\u3002  \u2191  Joaquin Vial Ruiz-Tale\u3001Francisca Castro\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3001OECD\u8001\u5316\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 1998\u3001S\u300211\u3002  \u2191 a b  Joaquin Vial Ruiz-Tale\u3001Francisca Castro\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3001OECD\u8001\u5316\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 1998\u3001S\u30028\u3002  \u2191  Joaquin Vial Ruiz-Tale\u3001Francisca Castro\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3001OECD\u8001\u5316\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 1998\u3001S\u300218\u3002  \u2191  \u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30a4\u30a7\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u6c11\u55b6\u5316\uff1a\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u7d4c\u6e08\u5927\u5b66\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30f3\u30011998\u5e74\u3001p\u30029\u3002  \u2191  \u30a6\u30a3\u30ec\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30c7\u30de\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30ed\u30a4\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30b9\u30ef\u30eb\u30c9\u3001\u30f4\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30b9\u30ed\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff1a OECD\u52b4\u50cd\u5e02\u5834\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\uff1a\u30c1\u30ea\u3002 OECD\u30012009\u3001145\u3002  \u2191  OECD\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u898b\u901a\u30572008\u3002 ISBN 978-92-64-03826-4\u30012007\u3001P\u3002707\u3002  \u2191 a b c  \u30e9\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306f\u6c11\u55b6\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u518d\u8003\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30ba\u3002 2006\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\u3002  \u2191  Guillermo Larrain Rois\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3068\u30ab\u30ea\u30d6\u6d77\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306e\u56db\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u3002 Inter American Development Bank\u3001Washington 2005\u3001ISBN 1-59782-020-2\u3001S\u3002235\u3002  \u2191  OECD\uff1a GDP\u306e\uff05\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8ca2\u732e  \u2191  OECD\uff1a GDP\u306e\uff05\u3068\u3057\u3066\u652f\u6255\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5229\u76ca\u3002  \u2191  OECD\uff1a GDP\u306e\u30b7\u30a7\u30a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8cc7\u7523\u3002  \u2191  OECD\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u898b\u901a\u30572008\u3002 \u3001\u00a3978-92-64288226-4\u30012007\u3001PL 71\u3002  \u2191 a b c d  OECD\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u898b\u901a\u30572008\u3002 ISBEN 978-92-64-03826-4\u30012007\u3001S\u300274\u3002  \u2191  OECD\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u898b\u901a\u30572008\u3002 ISBN 978-92-64-03826-4\u30012007\u3001P\u300275\u3002  \u2191  M.\u30de\u30eb\u30bb\u30eb\u3001A\u3002\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9\uff1a \u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u6539\u9769\u3002 \u6642\u6298\u7d19No. 5\u3001IDB\u3001\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3D.C.\u30011992\u5e74\u3001S\u300238  \u2191  C.\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u306e\u5909\u5316\uff1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u6539\u9769\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u3002 \u30dc\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f31994\u3001S\u3002132\u3002  \u2191  JohannesJ\u00e4ger\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u7528\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u6c11\u55b6\u5316\uff1a\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u7d4c\u6e08\u5927\u5b66\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30f3\u30011998\u5e74\u3001p\u300210\u3002  \u2191  Peter R. Orszag\u3001Joseph E. Stiglitz\u3001\u518d\u8003\u5e74\u91d1\u6539\u9769\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b10\u306e\u795e\u8a71\u3001 [\u521d\u3081] 1999\u5e749\u670814\u301c15\u65e5\u3001\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3D.C.\u3001Weltbank\u3001Weltbank\u30011999\u5e749\u670814\u301c15\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868  \u2191  \u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\uff1a\u30c1\u30ea\u306e\u5bb6\u5ead\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u7ba1\u7406\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u3001\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3DC 2005\u3001ISBN 0-8213-5953-3\u3001S\u300265\u3002  \u2191  OECD\uff1a \u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u898b\u901a\u3057\u3002 2008\u30012008\u30018788-92-64898326-4\u30012006\u30012008\u3001Sjstnas\uff0871\u300172\u3002       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/5545#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u5e74\u91d1\u4fdd\u967a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\uff08\u30c1\u30ea\uff09 – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2"}}]}]