[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/14046#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/14046","headline":"IbnKill\u0101b – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","name":"IbnKill\u0101b – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","description":"before-content-x4 \u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30d6\u30c0\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b6\u30fb\u30b6\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ad\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30bf\u30df\u30e0 \uff08\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e \u30a2\u30d6\u30fb\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30e9\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30a4\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30e9\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ab\u30bf\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30bf\u30df\u30df \u3001dmg \u30a2\u30dd\u30ec\u30e9\u306e\u6a2a\u306b\u3042\u308bau\u015fk\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u304c\u30a4\u30dc\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u30e6\u30cb\u30abICIP\u306e\u6368\u3066\u5b50\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f855\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\uff09 [\u521d\u3081] \u30d0\u30b9\u30e9\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30df\u30fc\u30ca\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u3068\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u30a2\u30d6\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30cf\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30b7\u30a7\u30b7\u30e5\u30b7\u30e5\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30ef\u30fc\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u305f\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ab\u30d2\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30d0\u30b0\u30c0\u30c7\u30a3\uff081037\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30cb\u6d3e\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u3059 \uff08ahl as -unna\uff09 Caliph al-Ma’m\u016bn\uff08Reg\u3002813\u2013833\uff09\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u3002 [2] \u5f7c\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6559\u3048\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u623b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 IbnKull\u0101b\u306e\u5b66\u6821 \u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u30d4\u30c3\u30af \u5f8c\u306e\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30a2\u30ea\u30e4\u3067\u3002 after-content-x4","datePublished":"2021-09-01","dateModified":"2021-09-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/14046","wordCount":3703,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30d6\u30c0\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b6\u30fb\u30b6\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ad\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30bf\u30df\u30e0 \uff08\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e \u30a2\u30d6\u30fb\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30e9\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30a4\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30e9\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ab\u30bf\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30bf\u30df\u30df \u3001dmg \u30a2\u30dd\u30ec\u30e9\u306e\u6a2a\u306b\u3042\u308bau\u015fk\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u304c\u30a4\u30dc\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3\u30e6\u30cb\u30abICIP\u306e\u6368\u3066\u5b50\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f855\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\uff09 [\u521d\u3081] \u30d0\u30b9\u30e9\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30df\u30fc\u30ca\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u3068\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u30a2\u30d6\u30fb\u30e9\u30fb\u30cf\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30b7\u30a7\u30b7\u30e5\u30b7\u30e5\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30ef\u30fc\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u305f\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ab\u30d2\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30d0\u30b0\u30c0\u30c7\u30a3\uff081037\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30cb\u6d3e\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u3059 \uff08ahl as -unna\uff09 Caliph al-Ma’m\u016bn\uff08Reg\u3002813\u2013833\uff09\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u3002 [2] \u5f7c\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6559\u3048\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u623b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 IbnKull\u0101b\u306e\u5b66\u6821 \u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u30d4\u30c3\u30af \u5f8c\u306e\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30a2\u30ea\u30e4\u3067\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4IbnKull\u0101b\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30a4\u30a8\u30e1\u30f3\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30fb\u30b5\u30af\u30b5\u30af\uff081284\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30d0\u30b9\u30e9\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [3] \u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30a2\u30eb\u30de\u30e0\u30f3\u306e\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u5236\u306e\u969b\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ab\u30d2\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30d0\u30b0\u30c0\u30c7\u30a3\u304c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u300c\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u30e0\u30fc\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u30a4\u4eba \uff08\u30de\u30ea\u30b9\uff09 \u30de\u30e0\u30f3\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u96c4\u5f01\u306e \uff08\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\uff09 \u9732\u51fa\u3002 ” [4] \u5f7c\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30e0\u30fc\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u30a4\u4eba\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30b0\u30c0\u30c3\u30c9\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30a2\u30d6\u30d0\u30c9\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30de\u30fc\u30f3\uff08864\u5e74\uff09\u3068\u30a2\u30d6\u30b5\u30ea\u30d5\u3068\u30a2\u30d6\u30fb\u30e0\u30c9\u30b7\u30e3\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30d6\u30fc\u30fb\u30b5\u30ea\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30b7\u30e5\u30eb\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30e0\u30bf\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] IbnKull\u0101bsSch\u00e4tster\u306e\u5bfe\u6226\u76f8\u624b\u306f\u3001Ahmad Ibn Hanbal\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [5] Ibn An-Nad\u012bm\u306fIbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b3\u518a\u306e\u672c\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a\u300c\u5c5e\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u672c\u300d \uff08kit\u0101ba\u1e63-\u015bifat\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u30a2\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u672c\u300d \uff08kit\u0101b\u1e2balqal-afh\u0101l\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30e0\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u306b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u300d\u305f\u3081\u306e\u672c \uff08kit\u0101braddal-mu gtazila\uff09 \u3002 [6] \u30a4\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30fb\u30d1\u30b9\u30ab\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001hwschw\u012bya\u306e\u53cd\u8ad6\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 \uff08ar-redd\u0101l\u0101al-ha\u0161wya\uff09 \u306b\u3002 [7] \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001IbnKull\u0101b\u306fIbn an-Nad\u012bm\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066Hwschw\u012bya\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b\u3067\u3059\u3002 [8] haschw\u012bya Ash\u0101bAl-Had\u012bth\u306e\u8efdempt\u7684\u306a\u7528\u8a9e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001IbnKull\u0101bs\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001 [9] \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u65ad\u7247\u306f\u5f8c\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u5341] \u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u5f7c\u304c\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u6cd5\u7684\u601d\u8003\u306b\u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7f8a\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [11]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsAttributenlehre [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u795e\u3068\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8cea\u554f [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5831\u544a [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] Attributenlehre [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] IbnKull\u0101bs\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u795e\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u672c\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u795e\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u5f7c\u306e\u7279\u5225\u306a\u6559\u3048\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 Ibn ar-r\u0101wandwrist [12\u756a\u76ee] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30de\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u795e\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u30a2\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30b9\u30ab\u30a4\u30d2\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30e0\u30d5\u30c9 [13] \uff08948-1022\uff09\u53cd\u7701\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u300c\u5c5e\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08\u30b7\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u30c8\uff09 \u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u300c\u8eab\u4f53\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u610f\u5473\u300d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b \uff08al-ma\u0101n\u012bal-q\u0101\u02beimabi-l-aous\u0101m\uff09 \u7a4f\u3084\u304b\u3067\u52d5\u304d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5c5e\u6027\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u4e8b\u6545\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08a\u0101ra\u1e0d\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u7269\u4e8b \uff08ashy\u0101\u02be\uff09 \u3002 [14] \u5f7c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u30011\u3064\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5c5e\u6027\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08\u8239\uff09 \u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 \uff08\u898b\u3066\uff09 \u7d75\u3002 [15] \u540d\u524d\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3092\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08ISM\uff09 \u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u540d\u524d\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093 \uff08\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u6df1\u3044\uff09 \u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u307e\u3060\u5f7c\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u547d\u540d\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u540d\u524d\u304c\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 Al-Bazdaw\u012b\uff081099\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u4ed6\u65b9\u306e\u30b9\u30f3\u30cb\u6d3e\u304b\u3089\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u540d\u524d\u3092\u5747\u7b49\u306b\u3057\u3066\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u624b\u3067\u30e0\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u3001\u540d\u524d\u3068\u540d\u524d\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [16] IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u4eca\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u795e\u306b\u79fb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u77e5\u308b\u300d\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u540d\u524d\u3092\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08\u30a2\u30ea\u30e0\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u5f37\u529b\u300d \uff08q\u0101dir\uff09 \u3001 “\u6d3b\u6c17\u3042\u308b” \uff08haiy\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u8074\u899a\u300d \uff08\u30b5\u30df\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u898b\u308b\u300d \uff08bos\u012br\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30af\u300d \uff08\u30a2\u30b8\u30b9\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u30d0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u300d \uff08\u01e7al\u012bl\uff09 \u3001 “\u89aa\u5207” \uff08Kar\u012bm\uff09 \u3001 “\u4e00\u5ea6” \uff08b.q\u012b\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u300d \uff08\u30de\u30ea\u30c9\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u300d \uff08cardh\uff09 \u306a\u3069\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u300c\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d \uff08\u0161ilm\uff09 \u3001 “\u305d\u3046\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044” \uff08qudra\uff09 \u3001 “\u4eba\u751f” \uff08\u30c1\u30e3\u30e4\u30c3\u30c8\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u8074\u899a\u300d \uff08\u30b5\u30e0 ‘\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u8996\u529b\u300d \uff08\u30d0\u30e4\u30fc\u30eb\uff09 \u3001 “\u5f37\u3055” \uff08\u30c1\u30e3\u30b6\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u8a8d\u8b58\u300d \uff08\u01e7\uff09 \u3001 “\u54c1\u8cea” \uff08\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u7d99\u7d9a\u671f\u9593\u300d \uff08\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u30a6\u30a3\u30eb\u300d \uff08\u7d66\u4e0e\uff09 \u3001\u300c\u5acc\u60aa\u611f\u300d \uff08\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u4eba\uff09 \u306a\u3069\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u795e\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u795e\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u540c\u3058\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [17] \u5f7c\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u5c5e\u6027\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u3064\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u8cdb\u8f9e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 \uff08\u1e63if\u0101ta\u1e0f-\u1e0f\u0101t\uff09 \u3002 [18] \u307e\u305f\u3001\u53cb\u60c5 \uff08Wir\u0101ya\uff09 \u3068\u6575\u610f \uff08idawarings\uff09 \u795e\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u559c\u3073 \uff08\u30ea\u30a2\u30fc\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u306e\u6012\u308a \uff08sa\u1e2ba\u1e6d\uff09 \u5f7c\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u8cdb\u8f9e\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [19] \u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30e0\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u795e\u306e\u5584\u306e\u898b\u65b9 \uff08\u1e63if\u0101tal-fighl\uff09 \u805e\u3044\u305f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u3002 [20] \u795e\u306f\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059 \uff08Qad\u012bm\uff09 \u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u306e\u305f\u3081 \uff08Qidam\uff09 \u305d\u308c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [21] \u81ea\u7136\u306e8\u3064\u306e\u8cdb\u8f9e\u3092\u5dee\u5225\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306e\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u795e\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u6570\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [22]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u540d\u524d\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3068\u795e\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u5f7c\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [23] \u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u795e\u306f\u795e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u306a\u3044\u610f\u5fd7\u306b\u671b\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a\u3001\u795e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [24] IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u3092\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u795e\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\uff08\u9854\u3001\u624b\u3001\u76ee\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u79fb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u3060\u3051 \uff08\u1e0f\u0101t\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u306f\u795e\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [25] \u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u529b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u795e\u306e\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [26] \u4f55\u304b\u304c\u4f55\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u795e\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f7c\u306e\u5acc\u60aa\u611f\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [27] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u795e\u306b\u306e\u307f\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\uff08\u795e\u306e\uff09\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [18] \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30cb\u30b7\u30a2\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u7d99\u7d9a\u306f\u795e\u306e\u307f\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306f\u6700\u521d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305b\u3044\u305c\u3044\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306f\u300c\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6d77\u8fba\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093 \uff08\u30a2\u30b6\u30ea\u30fc\uff09 \u3068\u300c\u5b9a\u6570\u300d \uff08d\u0101’imal-wu\u01e7\u016bd\uff09 \u8aac\u660e\u3002 [28] \u795e\u3068\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u5275\u9020\u304b\u3089\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30e0\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u3001\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3068\u305d\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u6559\u3048\u305f\u30a2\u30b7\u30e3\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u59a5\u5354\u7684\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3088\u308a\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08\u30ab\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1 \uff08Kal\u0101mAll\u0101h\uff09 \u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u3002 Josef Van Ess\u306f\u3001IbnKull\u0101b\u304c\u3053\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u3066\u3001 ash\u0101bal-had\u012bth \u30df\u30fc\u30ca\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e2d\u306b\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002 [29] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u5f62\u306e\u58f0\u660e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 \uff08Qaul\uff09 \u3002\u4f55\u304b\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u5165\u672d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 \uff08AMR\uff09 \u3084\u3084\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7981\u6b62\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059 \uff08\u8d77\u3053\u308b\uff09 \u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u591a\u5c11\u901a\u4fe1\u3055\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059 \uff08\u1e2bbar\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b \uff08Tamann\u012b\uff09 \u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3082\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u304b\u3089\u8131\u843d\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u58f0\u660e\u306b\u3059\u304e\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [30] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u5f7c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08Kal\u0101mAl-ins\u0101n\uff09 \u610f\u5473\u306f\u3001NAFS\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002 [\u6700\u521d\u306b30] \u300c\u8a71\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449 \uff08Mutakallim\uff09 IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8ab0\u304b\u304c\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u624d\u80fd\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u307b\u3069\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [32] \u97f3\u58f0\u306f\u97f3\u3084\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u306a\u3057\u3067\u306f\u89b3\u5bdf\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u3068\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u6b20\u9665\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c88\u9ed9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059 \uff08\u5f8c\u65b9\uff09 \u9664\u5916\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [33] IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u5275\u9020\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3044\u3064 \u3001\u795e\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u5275\u9020\u3059\u308b\u3002 [34] \u795e\u306f\u5f7c\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u5275\u9020\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093 \u3044\u3064 \u81ea\u5206\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 [35] \u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300c\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u3092\u300c\u795e\u306e\u5747\u4e00\u306a\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u300d\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08Kal\u0101mAll\u0101hJairMa\u1e2bl\u016bq\uff09 \u3002 [36] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u795e\u306f\u3044\u3064\u3082\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08Mutakallim\uff09 \u305d\u306e\u9593\u3002\u5f7c\u306b\u306f\u8a71\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 [37] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u529b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002 [38] \u3053\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1 \uff08al-kal\u0101man-nafs\u012b\uff09 \u3059\u3067\u306b\u30a2\u30b6\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u795e\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6642\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306b\u3057\u304b\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5165\u672d\u3084\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5fb4\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [39] \u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [35] 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\u30b9\u30e921\uff1a2\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u81ea\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066 [42] \u304a\u3088\u307326\uff1a5 [43] \u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002 [44] \u7570\u306a\u308b\u540d\u524d\u3067\u795e\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306f\u540c\u3058\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3001\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 \uff08\u9707\u3048\uff09 \u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u540c\u3058\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [45] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8ab0\u304b\u304c\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u3092\u6697\u5531\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u805e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059 \uff08ribar\uff09 \u305d\u306e\u3002 [35] \u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30b3\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u58f0\u660e\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 \u78ba\u304b\u306b9\uff1a6 \u8ab0\u3082\u304c\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u805e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7d04\u675f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3001 [46] \u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\uff1a\u3053\u306e\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u805e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8981\u6c42\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u300c\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u805e\u304f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6717\u8aad\u3060\u3051\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [35] \u30e2\u30fc\u30bb\u3068\u306e\u307f\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306b\u306f\u4f8b\u5916\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \uff08bi-kathanmai-seeing\uff09 \u8a71\u3059\u306e\u3092\u805e\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002 [35] \u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30e928:30\u3067\u306e\u3068\u3052\u306e\u30d6\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u4f53\u9a13\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30e9\u30cb\u306e\u5831\u544a\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u305f [47] \u30b9\u30e94\uff1a164\u3067\u306e\u5f7c\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3001 [48] \u300c\u795e\u306f\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u30e2\u30fc\u30bb\u306b\u8a71\u3057\u304b\u3051\u305f\u300d\u5f8c \uff08Kallam Lachu Musa Takliman\uff09 \u3002 IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u3001\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5947\u8de1\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u306e\u970a\u3078\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u79fb\u884c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u305f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002 [44] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9593\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3001\u6587\u7ae0 \uff08\u5f62\uff09 \u7570\u306a\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u300c\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u6717\u8aad\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u4eba\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u547c\u3073\u307e\u3059 \uff08villa\uff09 \u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u6717\u8aad\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u7406\u7531\u304c\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3001\u6212\u3081\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u901a\u77e5\u3067\u3059\u3002 [37] \u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8cea\u554f [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u524d\u306b\u7a7a\u9593\u3082\u6642\u9593\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [36] \u30b9\u30e920\uff1a5\u3067\u306e\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u300c\u6148\u60b2\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u738b\u4f4d\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300d \uff08ar-rafort\u0101lal-aar\u0161istaw\u0101\uff09 [49] \u5c5e\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5f7c\u306e\u672c\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u795e\u304c\u5f7c\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u738b\u4f4d\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30ec\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [50] \u5f7c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002 [51] \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u795e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [52] \u30b9\u30e96\uff1a103\u306e\u58f0\u660e\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u300c\u76ee\u306f\u5f7c\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u304b\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\uff09 [53] \u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u77e5\u899a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u5f7c\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002 [54] \u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u76ee\u3067\u795e\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066 \uff08ru\u02beyatall\u0101hbi-l-ab\u1e63\u0101r\uff09 Ab\u016bl-Hasan al-Asch\u00e1\u012b\uff08936\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001IbnKull\u0101bs\u3068Sunnis\u306e\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [36] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306f\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u3059 \uff08iqrar\uff09 \u3053\u308c\u304c\u77e5\u8b58\u304b\u3089\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3001\u795e\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u672c\u3068\u4f7f\u7bc0 \uff08Ma\u00e1rifa\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u5fc3\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b \uff08ta\u1e63d\u012bqbi-l-heart\uff09 \u5916\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [55] IbnKull\u0101b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u524d\u3067\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059 \uff08\u0101qiba\uff09 \uff1a\u5f7c\u304c\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u5f92\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u795d\u798f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f \uff08\u8a00\u3063\u305f\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u597d\u304d\u306a\u795e \uff08\u30c1\u30e3\u30d6\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\uff09 ;\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b7b\u306c\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08\u30b7\u30e3\u30ad\uff09 \u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306e\u6575 \uff08\u30a2\u30c9\u30a6\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\uff09 \u3002 [56] \u4fe1\u4ef0\u3068\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306f\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 [57] IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u5584\u3068\u60aa\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u671b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306f\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u795e\u3092\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u8a00\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09 \u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u795e\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3082\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u300c\u4f53\u306e\u5275\u9020\u8005\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8eab\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5606\u9858\u3059\u308b\u7948\u308a\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \uff08\u1e2b\u0101lqal-a\u01e7sam\uff09 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\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u3042\u3044\u307e\u3044\u306a\u8a69\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u795e\u3060\u3051\u304c\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u516d\u5341\u4e00] \u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5831\u544a [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] IbnKull\u0101bs\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e0\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u4eba\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u544a\u767d\uff08\u30bf\u30cf\u30ea\u30c9\uff09\u306b\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u9055\u53cd\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u5f7c\u306e\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5e83\u3081\u305f\u3002 Ibn An-Nad\u012bm\u306f\u3001IbnKull\u0101b\u304c\u795e\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u795e\u81ea\u8eab\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3057\u305f\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30a2\u30c3\u30d6\u30d0\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30de\u30f3\u3092\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u3053\u306e\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u3067\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u306eab\u016bl-\u0101bb\u0101sal-baghaw\u012b\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30fb\u30ca\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30b0\u30c0\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u897f\u5cb8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u5730\u533a\u306e\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30da\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u3092\u8a2a\u554f\u3057\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5f7c\u306b\u8a71\u3057\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u79c1\u3092\u8a2a\u306d\u3066\u3001\u3053\u3053\u306b\u3053\u306e\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u9685\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30da\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u304c\u5f7c\u304b\u3089\u5f7c\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3060\u3068\u79f0\u8cdb\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u300c\u5f7c\u304c\u9577\u3044\u9593\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u306a\u3089\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u5f92\u3092\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u300d\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30d0\u30ac\u30a6\u30ef\u30a6\u30fb\u30da\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5c0b\u306d\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30ca\u30a4\u30c8\u304c\u30b3\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u3002 [6] \u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5831\u544a\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001As-Saksak\u012b\u304c\u5f7c\u306e\u30c9\u30ad\u30bd\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u8a9e\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059 al-Burh\u0101nf\u012bma\u00e1rifat\u00e1q\u0101\u02beidahl al-ady\u0101n \uff08\u300c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5b97\u6559\u306e\u652f\u6301\u8005\u306e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u300d\uff09\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u5143\u3005\u306f\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u306b\u6539\u5b97\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5c0a\u656c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308a\u4fee\u9053\u5973\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5f7c\u306e\u59c9\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3092\u5730\u533a\u304b\u3089\u8ffd\u653e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u304c\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u304c\u3088\u308a\u5f31\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5f31\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u58f0\u660e\u306e\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u5f31\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u58f0\u660e\u3067\u58f0\u660e\u3067\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \u30de\u30ca\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30fb\u30b5\u30e9\u30cb\u30e3 \uff09\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30fc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 [62] Syrian Scholar As-Safad\u012b\uff081363\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30e0\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5618\u3064\u304d\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [63] \u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] Josef Van Ess\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u304c\u767a\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001IbnKull\u0101bs\u306e\u540c\u6642\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u61b6\u6e2c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u516d\u5341\u56db] \u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u304c\u5f7c\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u30a2\u30d6\u30fb\u30eb\u30fb\u30cf\u30c9\u30cf\u30a4\u30eb\u3084\u30d2\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30cf\u30ab\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5143\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u306e\u61b6\u6e2c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306fAb\u016bl-Hudhail\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u300c\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u300d\u5f0f\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304e\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3068\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [65] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u795e\u304c\u5f7c\u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u30d2\u30b5\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30cf\u30ab\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3002 [66] IbnKull\u0101b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8003\u616e\u4e8b\u9805\u3092\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u516d\u5341\u4e03] \u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ab\u30d2\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30d0\u30b0\u30c0\u30c7\u30a3\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u672c\u3067\u6570\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 um\u016blad-d\u012bn \u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30ba\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30c3\u30ad\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30ab\u30c3\u30bf\u30cb\u30fc\u3092\u542b\u3080\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u30e0\u30fc\u30bf\u30b8\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30a4\u30e0\u30f3\u306e\u5bae\u5ef7\u3067\u66b4\u9732\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [68] \u795e\u5b66\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30e0\u30cf\u30b7\u30d6\uff08857\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [69] Al-Schaschhar\u012b\uff08936\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304cSunnites\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f \uff08ahl as -unna\uff09 \u6559\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3002 [36] \u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30eb\u30d6\u30b9\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3002 [70] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u30af\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f \uff08\u30af\u30eb\u30b9\uff09 \u3002 [71] 10\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u30a2\u30eb\u30c1\u30ef\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0 \uff08\u30a2\u30d2\u30eb \u5f7c\u306fMuschabbiha\u306b\u4ed6\u306e12\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002 [72] \u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u3053\u3061\u3089\u5074\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u6388\u306e\u6307\u793a\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30d6\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30d6\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30d5\u30de\u30c9\uff081025\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30e9\u30fc\u30d6\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u4e03\u5341\u4e09] Transoxan ScholarAb\u016bl-Yusr al-Bazdaw\u012b\u306e\u8a3c\u8a00\uff081099\u5e74\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001Kull\u0101bites\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f ahl as -unna wa-l-\u01e7am\u0101a \u3001\u3060\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30f3\u30ca\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002 [74] Kull\u0101biticSchool\u306f\u5f8c\u306bAsch Focus\u3067\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304e\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u65e9\u304f\u3082985\u5e74\u3001\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\u306eAd-D\u012bnal-Maqdis\u012b\u306f\u3001Asch\u00e1ar\u012bya\u304cKull\u0101b\u012bya\u306b\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u305f\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [75] \u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u6e90  ab\u016bl-\u1e25asanal-a\u0161\u0101r\u012b\uff1a kit\u0101bmaq\u0101l\u0101tal-visl\u0101y\u012bywa-e\u1e2btil\u0101fal-mu\u1e63alln\u3002 \u7de8\u30d8\u30eb\u30e0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u3002\u7b2c2\u7248\u200b\u200b\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30bf\u30a4\u30ca\u30fc\u3001\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30ba\u30d0\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u30011963\u5e74\u3002 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5316 Ibn an-nad\u012bm\uff1a \u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30cf\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \u3002\u7de8ri\u1e0d\u0101ta\u01e7addud\u3002 3. 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Ma\u1e6dbaesceHis\u0101Al-B\u0101b\u012bAl-\u1e25alab\u012b\u3001Cairo\u30011967\u3002Vol\u3002II\u3001pp\u3002299f\u3002 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5316 \u4e8c\u6b21\u6587\u732e  Josef Van Ess\uff1a\u300cIbnKull\u0101b\u3068TheMi\u1e25na\u300d \u30aa\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8 18\/19\uff081965\/66\uff0992\u2013142\u3002 Josef Van Ess\uff1a\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178\u306e\u300cIbnKull\u0101b\u300d\u3002 New Edition BD\u3002 XII\u3001S\u3002391b\u2013 392b\u3002 Josef Van Ess\uff1a Hidschra\u306e2\u4e16\u7d00\u30683\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u521d\u671f\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u601d\u8003\u306e\u7269\u8a9e \u3002 6 bde\u3002\u30d9\u30eb\u30ea\u30f3\uff1aDe Gruyter 1991\u20131997\u3002 bd\u3002 IV\u3001pp\u3002179-194; bd\u3002 VI\u3001pp\u3002402\u2013417\u3002 \u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30b7\u30e3\u30cf\u30c8\uff1a 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\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5316 TevfikY\u00fccedo\u011fru\uff1a Ahl al-Sunnah\u3078\u306e\u9053\u306b\u3042\u308bIbnk\u00fcll\u00e2b\u3068K\u00fcll\u00e2biyye \u3002 2. aufl\u3002 Emin Publications\u3001Bursa\u30012015\u5e74\u3002 \u2191 a b c  van ess\uff1a \u795e\u5b66\u3068\u793e\u4f1a 1997. bd\u3002 IV\u3001S\u3002180\u3002  \u2191  al-ba\u0121d\u0101d\u012b\uff1a um\u016blad-d’n\u3002 1928\u5e74\u3001S\u3002309\u3002  \u2191  as-sakaki\uff1a al-Burh\u0101nf\u012bma\u00e1rifat\u00e1q\u0101\u02beidahl al-ady\u0101n\u3002 1996\u3001S\u300236\u3002  \u2191  al-ba\u0121d\u0101d\u012b\uff1a um\u016blad-d’n\u3002 1928\u3001S\u3002309\u3001Z\u30026\u20138\u3002  \u2191  Ibn\u1e25a\u01e7aral-asqal\u0101n\u012b\uff1a \u30ea\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30df\u30b6\u30f3 \u3002 2002\u5e74\u3001bd\u3002 IV\u3001S\u3002486\u3002  \u2191 a b  Ibn an-nad\u012bm\uff1a \u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30cf\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \u3002 1988\u3001S\u3002230\u3002  \u2191  Ism\u0101\u0161hlPaschaal-Ba\u0121d\u0101d\u012b\uff1a had\u012byatal -rif\u012bnasm\u0101\u02be al-muulilif\u012bnwa-\u0101traral-mua\u1e63anninn \u3002\u30a4\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d6\u30fc\u30eb1951\u5e74\u3002BD\u3002 I\u3001S\u3002440\u3002 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5316  \u2191  van ess\uff1a \u795e\u5b66\u3068\u793e\u4f1a 1995. bd\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3001S\u3002402\u3002  \u2191  van ess\uff1a\u300cIbnKull\u0101band theMi\u1e25na\u300d\u3002 1965\u3001p\u3002137\u3002  \u2191  van ess\uff1a \u795e\u5b66\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u3002 1995\u3001bd\u3002 VI\u3001P\u3002402\u2013417\u3002  \u2191  van ess\uff1a \u795e\u5b66\u3068\u793e\u4f1a 1997. bd\u3002 IV\u3001S\u3002195\u3002  \u2191  VGL\u3002 IbnF\u016brak\uff1a Mu\u01e7arradmaq\u0101l\u0101ti-ie\u1e2babiuml-\u1e25asanal-os\u00e1\u012b \u3002 1987\u3001S\u300212\u3002  \u2191  VGL\u3002 van ess\uff1a \u795e\u5b66\u3068\u793e\u4f1a 1995. bd\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3001S\u3002402\u3002  \u2191  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