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\u30da\u30a2\u30d5\u30a1\u30e0\u7814\u7a76\uff082008\u20132022\u300112,402\u4eba\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\uff09 \u4e16\u4ee3\u3068\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u8abf\u67fb\uff08GGS\uff09 [13] \u5168\u56fd\u7e26\u65ad\u8abf\u67fb\uff08NLS\uff09 [14] \u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u4e16\u5e2f\u306e\u5168\u56fd\u8abf\u67fb\uff08NSFH\uff09\uff08\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc1987\u201388\u30011992\u201394 und 2001\u20132003\uff09 [15] \u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306e\u89aa\u65cf\u30d1\u30cd\u30eb\u7814\u7a76\uff08NKPS\uff09 [16] \u4e16\u4ee3\u306e\u7e26\u65ad\u7684\u7814\u7a76 [17] \u53ce\u5165\u306e\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30df\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u30d1\u30cd\u30eb\u7814\u7a76\uff08PSID\uff09 [18] \u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u8001\u5316\u3001\u9000\u8077\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\uff08\u30b7\u30a7\u30a2\uff09 [19] speady -cudie\uff1a\u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u4eba\u683c\u5efa\u7bc9\u3068\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30df\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u7814\u7a76 [20] R+V\uff1a \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u4eba\u306e\u6050\u6016 \u3002 1991\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u300114\u6b73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u7d042,400\u4eba\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u6050\u6016\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5fc3\u914d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [21] \u6210\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\uff08PIAAC\uff09 [22] Rostock\u7e26\u65ad\u7814\u7a76ROLS\uff081970\/71\u304b\u3089\uff09 – \u5e7c\u5150\u671f\u306e\u8133\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u56e0\u5b50\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8abf\u67fb\u3002 [23] C. F. Belanger\u3001H\u3002Hennekens\u3001B\u3002Rosner\u3001F\u3002E\u3002Speizer\uff1a \u770b\u8b77\u5e2b\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u8abf\u67fb\u3002 \u306e\uff1a Am J\u770b\u8b77\u5e2b\u3002 78\u30011978\u3001S\u30021039\u20131040\u3002 PMID 248266 \u3002 \u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ec\u30a2\u30b9\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30af\u30de\u30f3\uff1a \u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76 – \u8ca1\u56e3\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3002 Rowohlt\u3001\u30cf\u30f3\u30d6\u30eb\u30af2006\u3002 W.\u30b7\u30e5\u30ca\u30a4\u30c0\u30fc\uff1a \u5e7c\u5e74\u671f\u304b\u3089\u6210\u4eba\u671f\u307e\u3067\u306e\u767a\u9054\uff1a\u30df\u30e5\u30f3\u30d8\u30f3\u306e\u7e26\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c \u3002 Beltz Psychology Verlags Union\u30012008\u3001ISBN 978-3-621-27605-4\u3002 R.\u30b7\u30e5\u30cd\u30eb\u3001P\u3002B\u3002\u30d2\u30eb\u3001E\u3002\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\uff1a \u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u30aa\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u30d6\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30df\u30e5\u30f3\u30d8\u30f32005\u3002 \u30ab\u30fc\u30ebF.\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\uff1a \u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 – \u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u4f1d\u8a18\u3068\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\u306f\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f – \u30ab\u30ea\u30ad\u30e5\u30e9\u30e0vitae\u7814\u7a76\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5553\u767a\u3002 \u306e\uff1a mschrkim\u3002 87\u5e74\u76ee\u30012004\u5e74\u53f73\/4\u3001pp\u3002222\u2013243\u3002 \u2191  C. M.\u30bb\u30a4\u30e9\u30fc\uff1a \u624b\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60a3\u8005\u6307\u5411\u306e\u7814\u7a76 \u3002 In\uff1aManfred Georg Krukemeyer\u3001Hans-ullrich Spiegel\uff08ed\u3002\uff09\uff1a \u5916\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76 \u3002 Georg Thieme Publisher\u3001Stuttgart 2005\u3001ISBN 978-3-13-13661-3\u3001 S.  205\u2013212 \uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191  Gaus Wilhelm\u3001Muchen Rainer\uff1a \u533b\u7642\u7d71\u8a08\uff1a\u533b\u5e2b\u3068\u5065\u5eb7\u8077\u696d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u751f\u4f53\u6e2c\u5b9a \u3002 Skipatick Pilit\u30012017\u3001ISBN 978-3-7945-3241-4\u3001 S.  37 \uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191 a b  \u30e6\u30eb\u30b2\u30f3\u30fb\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u3001\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30fb\u30c9\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\uff1a \u4eba\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u5411\u3051\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\uff1a\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7279\u5225\u7248 \u3002 Springs-Publising\u30012007\u3001ISBN 978-3-540-33306-7\u3001 S.  732 \uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191 a b  \u3042\u306a\u305f\u306eTewes\u3001Klaus WildGrube\uff1a \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u30ec\u30ad\u30b7\u30b3\u30f3 \u3002 Walter the Gruryter GmbH\uff06Co KG\u30012016\u3001ISBN 978-3-486-8017-3\u3001 S.  436 \uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30a2\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30af\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30fb\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30c1\u30e9\u30fc\uff1a \u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u5fc3\u7406\u7642\u6cd5\uff1a\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8cea\u554f\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 –  50\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8cea\u554f \u3002 Springs-Publising\u30012013\u30012013\u3001ISBN 978-3-642-34722-1\u3001 S.  138 \uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191  Georg Rudinger\u3001Katharina Olejniczak\u3001ThomasKr\u00fcger\uff1a \u7814\u7a76\u3068\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9 – \u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff1a\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u66f8\u7c4d \u3002 Vandenhoeck\uff06Ruprecht\u30012009\u3001ISBN 978-3-86234-088-0\u3001 S.  285 \uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30fb\u30c9\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u30e6\u30eb\u30b2\u30f3\u30fb\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\uff1a \u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4eba\u9593\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1 \u3002 Springs-Publist\u30012015\u3001ISBN 978-3642-41089-5\u3001 S.  213 \uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30ec\u30b8\u30fc\u30ca\u30fb\u30ec\u30c3\u30c6\u30f3\u30d0\u30c3\u30cf\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30fb\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\uff1a \u5fc3\u7406\u7642\u6cd5\u8a66\u9a13\uff1aIMPP\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30ab\u30bf\u30ed\u30b0\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5fc3\u7406\u7642\u6cd5\u58eb\u6cd5\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30e9\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u3092\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u30c8\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9 \u3002 Skipatick Pilit\u30012016\u3001ISBN 978-3-7945-3186-8\uff08 \u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc Google Book\u691c\u7d22\u3067\uff09\u3002   \u2191  dza.de  \u2191  Psychologie.uni-Heidelberg.de  \u2191  \u753b\u50cf – \u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u52c9\u5f37\u753b\u50cf\u3002 2021\u5e743\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9 \uff08\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u306e\u7e26\u65ad\u7814\u7a761\uff1a\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u3068\u4ed5\u4e8b @\u521d\u3081 @2 \u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\uff1aDead Link\/Prison Portal.informatik.uni-Bremen.de \uff08 \u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044  Webarchiven \uff09\uff09  \u60c5\u5831\uff1a \u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u306f\u3001\u6b20\u9665\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6307\u793a\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002   \u2191  \u4e16\u4ee3\u3068\u6027\u5225\u8abf\u67fb\u3002 \uff08 \u8a18\u5ff5 2012\u5e747\u670823\u65e5\u306eWeb\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6 archive.today \uff09 \u306e\u4e0a\uff1a www.bib-demography.de  \u2191  bls.gov  \u2191  ssc.wisc.edu  \u2191  nkps.nl  \u2191  \u4e16\u4ee3\u306e\u7e26\u65ad\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \uff08 \u8a18\u5ff5 2011\u5e7410\u670819\u65e5\u304b\u3089Web\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\u3067 archive.today \uff09 \u306e\u4e0a\uff1a usc.edu  \u2191  isr.umich.edu  \u2191  share-project.org  \u2191  \u7814\u7a76 – \u4eba\u683c\u30a2\u30fc\u30ad\u30c6\u30af\u30c1\u30e3\u3068\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30df\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u7814\u7a76|\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u306a\u500b\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u3002 2021\u5e7410\u67089\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \uff08\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u4eba\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u7814\u7a76\uff08PDF\u30013 MB\uff09  \u2191  gesion.org  \u2191  \u30ed\u30b9\u30c8\u30c3\u30af\u7e26\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u958b\u767a\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u4e88\u9632\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u795e\u533b\u5b66\u3002 \uff082022\u5e741\u670823\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\uff09        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || 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