[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/19124#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/19124","headline":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u6cbb","name":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u6cbb","description":"before-content-x4 \u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd \u305d\u308c\u306f\u5e02\u5834\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u6301\u3064\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3067\u3059 [ \u521d\u3081 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3059\u308bPCCH\u306e\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c40\u9577\u304c\u7387\u3044\u308b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a\uff08PCCH\uff09\u306e\u5358\u4e00\u515a\u304c\u76e3\u7763\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff08RPC\uff09\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u6a29\u529b\u306f\u3001PCCH\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u4eba\u6c17\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u5dde\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5730\u65b9\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u884c\u4f7f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5dde\u306f\u3001\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306e\u6bce\u65e5\u306e\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u30d6\u30ea\u30fc\u30d5\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u65b0\u83ef\u56fd\u901a\u4fe1\u793e\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u5185\u90e8\u53c2\u7167\u3001\u79d8\u5bc6\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u7279\u5225\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u5730\u57df\uff08RAE\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u3068\u30de\u30ab\u30aa\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30d1\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5927\u9678\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u515a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 after-content-x4 RAE\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306b\u3001RPC\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9593\u306e34\u306e\u5dde\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30014\u3064\u306e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u3001\u548c\u97f3\uff09\u30685\u3064\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u9818\u57df\uff08\u5e83\u5dde\u3001\u30c1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u3001\u65b0jiang\u3001\u30cb\u30f3\u30ae\u30a2\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u30e2\u30f3\u30b4\u30eb\uff09\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3067\u3059\u3002 [ 2 ] \u81ea\u7531\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53cd\u5bfe\u306f\u6291\u5727\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306fPCCH\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5236\u5fa1\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7570\u8b70\u306f\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u6a29\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 3 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u9078\u6319\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u515a\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9078\u6319\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u307f\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 4","datePublished":"2020-01-07","dateModified":"2020-01-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6a\/ForbiddenCity_MaoZedongPortrait_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg\/220px-ForbiddenCity_MaoZedongPortrait_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6a\/ForbiddenCity_MaoZedongPortrait_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg\/220px-ForbiddenCity_MaoZedongPortrait_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg","height":"220","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/19124","wordCount":8220,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4  \u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd \u305d\u308c\u306f\u5e02\u5834\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u6301\u3064\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3067\u3059 [ \u521d\u3081 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3059\u308bPCCH\u306e\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c40\u9577\u304c\u7387\u3044\u308b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a\uff08PCCH\uff09\u306e\u5358\u4e00\u515a\u304c\u76e3\u7763\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff08RPC\uff09\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u6a29\u529b\u306f\u3001PCCH\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u4eba\u6c17\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u5dde\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5730\u65b9\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u884c\u4f7f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5dde\u306f\u3001\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306e\u6bce\u65e5\u306e\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u30d6\u30ea\u30fc\u30d5\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u65b0\u83ef\u56fd\u901a\u4fe1\u793e\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u5185\u90e8\u53c2\u7167\u3001\u79d8\u5bc6\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u7279\u5225\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u5730\u57df\uff08RAE\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u3068\u30de\u30ab\u30aa\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30d1\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5927\u9678\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u515a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4RAE\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306b\u3001RPC\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9593\u306e34\u306e\u5dde\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30014\u3064\u306e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u3001\u548c\u97f3\uff09\u30685\u3064\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u9818\u57df\uff08\u5e83\u5dde\u3001\u30c1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u3001\u65b0jiang\u3001\u30cb\u30f3\u30ae\u30a2\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u30e2\u30f3\u30b4\u30eb\uff09\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3067\u3059\u3002 [ 2 ] \u81ea\u7531\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53cd\u5bfe\u306f\u6291\u5727\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306fPCCH\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5236\u5fa1\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7570\u8b70\u306f\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u6a29\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 3 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u9078\u6319\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u515a\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9078\u6319\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u307f\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 4 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u9078\u6319\u3092\u795d\u308f\u306a\u3044\u515a\u304c\u7387\u3044\u308b\u6570\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u4ee3\u72ec\u88c1\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002 [ 5 ] \u9078\u6319\u306e\u7af6\u4e89\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u5171\u7523\u515a\u306e\u6a29\u529b\u306e\u72ec\u5360\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3078\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u9078\u6319\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 6 ] Rory Truex\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300cPCCH\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u8b70\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u6307\u540d\u3068\u9078\u6319\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059…\u4eba\u6c11\u8b70\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u3067\u968e\u6bb5\u4e0a\u306e\u9078\u6319\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8b70\u54e1\u304c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u9078\u6319\u8cac\u4efb\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300d [ 7 ] \u200b Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u5916\u90e8\u95a2\u4fc2 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u8ecd\u968a [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u4eba\u6a29 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u53c2\u7167 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]  2015\u5e7410\u6708\u306e\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u8a2a\u554f\u4e2d\u306eXi Jinping\u3002 \u3053\u306e\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306eSO\u304c\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u305f\u5171\u7523\u515a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \uff08PCCH\uff09\u3001\u305d\u306e\u529b\u306f\u61b2\u6cd5\u306ben\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 8 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u9078\u6319\u5236\u5ea6\u306f\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5730\u5143\u306e\u4eba\u6c17\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8b70\u4f1a\u306f\u6295\u7968\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u3070\u308c\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u6c17\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u4eba\u6c17\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3050\u306b\u4f4e\u3044\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4eba\u6c17\u8b70\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 8 ] \u653f\u6cbb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u5206\u6563\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u515a\u3068\u6751\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u306f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8150\u6557\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5fb4\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u653f\u515a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u56fd\u6c11\u8b70\u4f1a\u3068\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u8aee\u554f\u4f1a\u8b70\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \uff08CPPCC\uff09\u3002 [ 9 ] \u200b 1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u534a\u3070\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9589\u9396\u653f\u7b56\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5236\u9650\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u884c\u653f\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u306e\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3092\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 8 ] \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u3001\u897f\u5074\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ea\u30d9\u30e9\u30eb\u306a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u56fd\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ \u5341 ] \u200b \u56fd\u5bb6\u6a29\u529b\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u6a5f\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u4eba\u6c17\u8b70\u4f1a\uff08APN\uff09\u3001\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u3001\u56fd\u52d9\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u52d9\u9662\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u9996\u76f8\u3001\u526f\u9996\u76f8\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u6570\uff08\u73fe\u57284\u4eba\uff09\u30015\u4eba\u306e\u5dde\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bb\u30e9\u30fc\uff08\u526f\u9996\u76f8\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u304c\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30ea\u30aa\u304c\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30ea\u30aa\u304c\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u300129\u4eba\u306e\u5927\u81e3\u3068\u56fd\u52d9\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u9577\u3067\u3059\u3002 1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u515a\u3068\u5dde\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u515a\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u653f\u7b56\u3068\u56fd\u5bb6\u304c\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a66\u307f\u306f1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u653e\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3082\u515a\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u8ecc\u8de1\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u515a\u3068\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u544a\u767a\u304c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u7d04\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u515a\u306e\u79d8\u66f8\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u526f\u6b21\u7684\u306a\u5e79\u90e8\u306e\u524d\u4f8b\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u5b98\u3068\u515a\u306e\u79d8\u66f8\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7d1b\u4e89\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b\u3082\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7279\u5225\u306a\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u5171\u7523\u515a\u304c\u653f\u5e9c\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9999\u6e2f\u3068\u30de\u30ab\u30aa\u306eRAE\u3068\u3001\u30bd\u30d3\u30a8\u30c8\u306e\u6163\u884c\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5e79\u90e8\u306e\u9996\u9577\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u5730\u5143\u306e\u6c11\u65cf\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u515a\u306e\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c40\u9577\u306f\u5730\u5143\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u61b2\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u56fd\u6c11\u4f1a\u8b70\u306f\u4e2d\u56fd\u3067\u6700\u9ad8\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a29\u529b\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6307\u5411\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u4e88\u7b97\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u4eba\u4e8b\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u627f\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u6bce\u5e74\u7d042\u9031\u9593\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6c17\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u6052\u4e45\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08CPN\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u627f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5171\u7523\u515a\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u306e\u6052\u4e45\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u4e8b\u524d\u627f\u8a8d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u30a4\u30cb\u30b7\u30a2\u30c1\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u52d9\u9662\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3055\u308c\u308bCNP\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 CNP\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u3068\u4eba\u4e8b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u56fd\u52d9\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u52e7\u544a\u3092\u627f\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001CNP\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6052\u4e45\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u57f7\u884c\u3057\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306e\u5be9\u67fb\u3092\u5f37\u5236\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [ 11 ] \u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u56fd\u52d9\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u3068\u515a\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u9053\u8def\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u71c3\u6599\u7a0e\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u8a18\u4e8bNRO\u3002 57 \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6c17\u8b70\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u6a29\u529b\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u306e\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6052\u4e45\u7684\u306a\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c17\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u6052\u4e45\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u30c0\u30cb\u30a8\u30eb\u30fb\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u653f\u515a\u5236\u5ea6\u306f\u300c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7cfb\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9f\u529b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u300c\u9078\u6319\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3057\u3001\u7d4c\u9a13\u8c4a\u5bcc\u3067\u6709\u80fd\u306a\u5019\u88dc\u8005\u306e\u307f\u304c\u56fd\u3092\u6307\u63ee\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 12\u756a\u76ee ] \u200b [ 13 ] \u200b \u5916\u90e8\u95a2\u4fc2 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]   2017\u5e749\u6708\u306b\u4e2d\u56fd\u306eXiamen\u90fd\u5e02\u306eBRICS\u52a0\u76df\u56fd\u306e\u30b5\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u306f171\u304b\u56fd\u3068\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3001162\u5e74\u306b\u5927\u4f7f\u9928\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 14 ] \u200b\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u306f\u30011950\u5e745\u67089\u65e5\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7bc9\u3044\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [ 15 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u306b\u7570\u8b70\u3092\u5531\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304f\u6700\u5927\u306e\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8a8d\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5dde\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 1971\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u4ee3\u8868\u3092\u3001\u56fd\u9023\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305f\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u306e5\u4eba\u306e\u5e38\u4efb\u59d4\u54e1\u306e1\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [ 16 ] \u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u975e\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u5143\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308a\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3092\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u64c1\u8b77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 17 ] \u200b \u300c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u300d\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u56fd\u3068\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u53f0\u6e7e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u7834\u308b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u53f0\u6e7e\u3068\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u5354\u5b9a\u3092\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u6297\u8b70\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [ 18 ] \u7279\u306b\u6b66\u5668\u8ca9\u58f2\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3002 [ 19 ] \u5916\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u8005\u3068\u7b2c14\u30c0\u30e9\u30a4\u30e9\u30de\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4f1a\u8b70\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u3082\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 20 ] \u200b \u305d\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 \u5e73\u548c\u7684\u306a\u5171\u5b58\u306e5\u3064\u306e\u539f\u5247 Zhou Enlai\u304b\u3089\uff1a\u4ed6\u306e\u5dde\u306e\u696d\u52d9\u3078\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u653b\u6483\u6027\u3001\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u306a\u5171\u5b58\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5229\u76ca\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a4\u30c7\u30aa\u30ed\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8abf\u548c\u300d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u3082\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 21 ] \u3053\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30b8\u30f3\u30d0\u30d6\u30a8\u3001\u5317\u671d\u9bae\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u3001\u897f\u5074\u3067\u5371\u967a\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6291\u5727\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5dde\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [ 22 ] \u200b \u591a\u304f\u306e\u897f\u6d0b\u8af8\u56fd\u3068\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u306f\u30011989\u5e74\u306e\u5929\u5b89\u4f1a\u306e\u6297\u8b70\u3067\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5f3e\u5727\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u82e6\u3057\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u897f\u6d0b\u3068\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [ 23 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3068\u306e\u7dca\u5bc6\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3001 [ 24 ] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u3082\u56fd\u9023\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3067\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6295\u7968\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 25 ] \u200b \u53f0\u6e7e\u5cf6\u3067\u306e\u5f7c\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u9818\u571f\u7d1b\u4e89\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30b7\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3068\u306e\u7d1b\u4e89\u3084\u30d6\u30bf\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u56fd\u5883\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u571f\u5730\u306e\u56fd\u5883\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u7d1b\u4e89\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4ea4\u6e09\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30bb\u30f3\u30ab\u30af\u8af8\u5cf6\u3084\u4e26\u3076\u30b9\u30ab\u30dc\u30ed\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6771\u90e8\u6771\u90e8\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u5cf6\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4e3b\u6a29\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u591a\u56fd\u9593\u9818\u571f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 26 ] \u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306e\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u306f\u30012014\u5e74\u306b\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u65b0\u8208\u306e\u8d85\u5927\u56fd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6025\u901f\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u9032\u6b69\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u3001\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306f\u300121\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u9855\u8457\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u5146\u5019\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 27 ] \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u306e\u30d0\u30d6\u30eb\u3084\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u9032\u884c\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u6210\u9577\u3092\u9045\u3089\u305b\u305f\u308a\u6b62\u3081\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3055\u3048\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 28 ] \u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u300c\u8d85\u5927\u56fd\u300d\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u7591\u554f\u3092\u5448\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5049\u5927\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8d85\u5927\u56fd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5341\u5206\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 29 ] \u200b \u8ecd\u968a [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u6c17\u306e\u3042\u308b\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\uff08EPL\uff09\u3092\u5275\u8a2d\u3057\u3001\u6307\u63ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 1949\u5e74\u306bRPC\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001EPL\u3082\u5dde\u9678\u8ecd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5dde\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u6c17\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8ecd\u968a\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5171\u7523\u515a\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3057\u3001\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u515a\u3068\u5dde\u306f\u3001\u8ecd\u968a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6700\u9ad8\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5c40\u306e\u4efb\u52d9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u4e2d\u592e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u5171\u540c\u3067\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1954\u5e74\u306eRPC\u61b2\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u5dde\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\uff08\u5927\u7d71\u9818\uff09\u304c\u8ecd\u968a\u3092\u6307\u63ee\u3057\u3001\u5dde\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u3092\u9632\u885b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u9632\u885b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u8aee\u554f\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8ecd\u968a\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002 1954\u5e749\u670828\u65e5\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001EPL\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4eba\u6c17\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8ecd\u968a\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e2d\u592e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u56de\u5fa9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5171\u540c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u3068\u5dde\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5171\u7523\u515a\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u554f\u984c\u3092\u6307\u63ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5dde\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306f\u3001\u5dde\u306e\u8ecd\u968a\u3068\u56fd\u5bb6\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u304c\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u8ecd\u968a\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u6307\u63ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 30 ] \u200b 2004\u5e7412\u6708\u3001\u7b2c5\u56de\u56fd\u6c11\u96c6\u4f1a\uff08APN\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5dde\u306e\u61b2\u6cd5\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3001\u5dde\u306e\u5dde\u8ecd\u4e8b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08CMC\uff09\u304c\u5dde\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8ecd\u968a\u3092\u6307\u63ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u306eCMC\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306fCNP\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5374\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306fAPN\u306e\u6052\u4e45\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306eCMC\u306f\u3001\u515a\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8ecd\u968a\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0e\u304f\u515a\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u515a\u306eCMC\u306f\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3068\u5354\u8b70\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u3001APN\u306e\u5ddeCMC\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3092\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u3001\u6cd5\u7684\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u5dde\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306bAPN\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306eCMC\u3068\u5dde\u306eCMC\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u30892\u3064\u306eCMC\u306f\u3001\u653f\u515a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3068\u5dde\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8ecd\u968a\u306f\u5171\u7523\u515a\u200b\u200b\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u8ecd\u968a\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5171\u7523\u515a\u3068\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3092\u8ecd\u968a\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3067\u3059\u3002 [ \u6700\u521d\u306b30 ] \u200b \u4eba\u6a29 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3068NGO\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u4eba\u6a29\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u3001 [ 32 ] \u30c1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u30b8\u30a7\u30ce\u30b5\u30a4\u30c9\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001 [ 33 ] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30e6\u30ae\u30e5\u30a2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30b8\u30a7\u30ce\u30b5\u30a4\u30c9\u3002 [ 34 ] \u200b [ 35 ] \u200b [ 33 ] \u200b [ 36 ] \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30e0\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 37 ] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c4\u30fb\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u6a29\u306e\u6df1\u523b\u3067\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3001 [ 38 ] \u30a2\u30e0\u30cd\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u3082\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002 [ 39 ] 2010\u5e74\u3001\u56fd\u5883\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8a18\u8005\u306f\u3001171\u5e74\uff08178\u4eba\uff09\u306b\u300cPress Freedom Index\u300d\u3067\u4e2d\u56fd\u3092\u5206\u985e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [ 40 ] \u200b \u61b2\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u306e\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6a29\u5229\u300d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5831\u9053\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u306a\u88c1\u5224\u3068\u5b97\u6559\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u53c2\u653f\u6a29\u3068\u8ca1\u7523\u6a29\u3001 [ 8 ] \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u898f\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u5211\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001 [ 41 ] \u200b [ 42 ] \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u691c\u95b2\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001 [ 43 ] \u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u7523\u515a\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6279\u5224\u3092\u9ed9\u3089\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 44 ] \u200b [ 45 ] \u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u30011989\u5e74\u306eTiananm\u00e9nPlaza\u306e\u6297\u8b70\u30682019\u5e74\u304b\u30892020\u5e74\u306e\u9999\u6e2f\u306e\u6297\u8b70\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d44\u7e54\u3068\u4fe1\u5ff5\u306e\u9855\u73fe\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 46 ] \u200b \u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6b7b\u5211\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u3069\u306e\u56fd\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3092\u51e6\u5211\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u4e00\u4eba\u3042\u305f\u308a \u3002\u3053\u306e\u56fd\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u30672\u756a\u76ee\u306b\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5211\u52d9\u6240\u4eba\u53e3\uff08\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u306e\u307f\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308a\u30011,701,344\u4eba\u306e\u56da\u4eba\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 47 ] \u200b \u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u6c88\u9ed9\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3001 [ 48 ] \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u6a29\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u767a\u5c55\u3068\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u7684\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6279\u5224\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 49 ] \u904e\u53bb30\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30b7\u30fc\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u547d\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4eba\u6a29\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u9032\u6b69\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 50 ] \u904e\u53bb10\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u5927\u60e8\u4e8b\u3084\u8077\u696d\u4e8b\u6545\u306b\u95d8\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u52aa\u529b\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4eba\u6a29\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [ 49 ] \u200b \u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u53c2\u7167 [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u2191  \u00ab\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u00bb \u3002\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5546\u52d9\u7701\u3002 2004\u5e746\u670825\u65e5 \u3002 2018\u5e743\u67087\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002 \u00ab\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u7523\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305f\u7d4c\u6e08\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u958b\u767a\u304c\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u8ca1\u7523\u3092\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4e88\u5099\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d4c\u6e08\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3059…\u516c\u5171\u7d4c\u6e08\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7d4c\u6e08\u3068\u96c6\u56e3\u7d4c\u6e08\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4ef6\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3068\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u516c\u6709\u8ca1\u7523\u306e\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u516c\u5171\u8cc7\u7523\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u7523\u306b\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a\u5272\u5408\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7d4c\u6e08\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u751f\u8a08\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3057\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u306e\u5074\u9762\u304b\u3089\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u300c   \u2191  Mattingly\u3001Daniel C.\uff082019\u5e7412\u67085\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u652f\u914d\u306e\u82b8\u8853  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\u3002 ISBN 978-1-316-99791-8 \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u81ea\u75312021\u30ab\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u00bb \u3002 \u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30e0\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2021\u5e747\u670817\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u30ac\u30f3\u30b8\u30fc\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30cb\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u3002 Lust-Okar\u3001Ellen\uff081 De Junio de 2009\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u9078\u6319\u00bb \u3002 \u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u306e\u5e74\u6b21\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09  12\u756a\u76ee \uff081\uff09\uff1a403-422\u3002 ISSN 1094-2939 \u3002 doi\uff1a 10.1146\/annurev.polisci.11.060106.095434 \u3002   \u2191  \u30b2\u30c7\u30b9\u3001\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30e9;\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u3002\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u3001\u30a8\u30ea\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\uff082018\uff09\u3002 \u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6a29\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b \u3002\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\u3002 p\u3002 141\u3002 ISBN 978-1-316-33618-2 \u3002 S2CID 226899229 \u3002 doi\uff1a 10.1017\/9781316336182 \u3002   \u2191  Hernandez\u3001Javier C.\uff082016\u5e7411\u670815\u65e5\u6771\uff09\u3002 ‘ ‘ \u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u306f\u507d\u306e\u9078\u6319\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u300d\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u5730\u5143\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6df7\u4e71\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3059\u00bb \u3002 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30ba  \uff08\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 ISSN 0362-4331 \u3002 2021\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  trux\u3001\u967d\u6c17\uff082016\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u306a\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u3059\u308b  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\u3002 pp\u300252\u3001111\u3002 ISBN 978-1-107-17243-2 \u3002   \u2191 a  b  c  d  \u30de\u30ab\u30aa\u306e\u884c\u653f\u5730\u57df\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\uff08\u7de8\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u61b2\u6cd5\u00bb \u3002 2009\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u00abcfr.org\u00bb \u3002 cfr.org \u3002\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2010\u5e745\u670811\u65e5 \u3002 2010\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  {cita web | url = http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/shared\/spl\/hi\/in_depth\/china_politics\/government\/html\/7.stm%7c%7ctitico=bcco \u3001\u30ab\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd|publicaci\u00f3n= BBC\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9|\u9589\u9396= 14-7-2009}}  \u2191  \u00abPDF China Monitor Nummer 37 EN-\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e1\u30eb\u30ab\u30c8\u30eb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u00bb \u3002 www.merics.org  \uff08\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2017\u5e743\u670825\u65e5 \u3002 2017\u5e743\u670825\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9f\u529b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u897f\u6d0b\u306e\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u00bb \u3002 \u30a8\u30b3\u30ce\u30df\u30b9\u30c8 \u3002 2018\u5e746\u670812\u65e5\u3002 ISSN 0013-0613 \u3002 2021\u5e7412\u670823\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u6b20\u9665\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u304c\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u4e00\u515a\u306e\u898f\u5247\u304b\u3089\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u00bb \u3002 \u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30fc \u3002 2012\u5e747\u670824\u65e5\u3002 ISSN 0882-7729 \u3002 2021\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u7c73\u56fd\u56fd\u52d9\u7701\u3002 \u00ab\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30b0\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u00bb  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2011\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9928\u3002 \u00ab\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u306e\u9996\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3068\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e60\u5e74\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb\u3092\u79f0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u00bb  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2011\u5e748\u670826\u65e5 \u3002 2011\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u5fcd\u8010\u306f\u56fd\u9023\u3067\u5831\u308f\u308c\u308b\u00bb \u3002 \u53f0\u5317\u6642\u9593  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2004\u5e748\u670822\u65e5 \u3002 2011\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30da\u30f3\u30cf\u30fc\u30b2\u30f3\u30b5\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u900f\u660e\u00bb\u3067\u4ed6\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3068\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u00bb \u3002 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u6bce\u65e5  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2009\u5e7412\u670821\u65e5 \u3002 2011\u5e7410\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  Google News\uff08ed\u3002\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u505c\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u53f0\u6e7e\u306eMA\uff1a\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u00bb \u3002 Google COM  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2011\u5e747\u670811\u65e5 \u3002 2011\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u30de\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u30cb\u30fc\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\uff082010\u5e74\u306e\u767a\u71b1\u306e1\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u3078\u306e\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u6b66\u5668\u8ca9\u58f2\u304c\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8105\u304b\u3059\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u00bb \u3002 \u6642\u4ee3  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2011\u5e746\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002 \uff08\u30b5\u30d6\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\uff09 \u3002   \u2191  \u30e0\u30fc\u30a2\u3001\u30de\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0\uff082010\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u306fAkm\u200b\u200bal Shaikh\u306e\u51e6\u5211\u5f8c\u306b\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6a29\u30b5\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30bb\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u00bb \u3002 \u96fb\u4fe1  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2011\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u30ad\u30fc\u30b9\u30012009\u5e74\u3001pp\u3002135-136  \u2191  \u30de\u30fc\u30c6\u30eb\u3001\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0C\uff082012\u5e746\u670829\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ef8\u304c\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1f\u00bb \u3002 \u5916\u4ea4\u5b98  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2014\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u6e96\u5099\u306f\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f\u00bb \u3002 \u30a8\u30b3\u30ce\u30df\u30b9\u30c8  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 1997\u5e743\u67086\u65e5 \u3002 2011\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306f\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u306e\u5171\u540c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u00bb \u3002 \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u6ce2  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2013\u5e747\u67085\u65e5 \u3002 2014\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  BBC\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\uff082012\u5e746\u67085\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u30d7\u30fc\u30c1\u30f3\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a2a\u554f\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u00bb \u3002 bbc.co.uk  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2014\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  BBC\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\uff082013\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd – \u65e5\u672c\u8af8\u5cf6\u306e\u5217\u00bb \u3002 bbc.co.uk  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2014\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u30ef\u30c3\u30c4\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30ca\u30b5\u30f3\uff082012\u5e7418\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u8d85\u5927\u56fd\u306e\u8a95\u751f\u3092\u76ee\u6483\u3059\u308b\u00bb \u3002 \u4fdd\u8b77\u8005  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2014\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30b9\u3001\u30bd\u30eb\uff082007\u5e746\u670829\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b6a\u3093\u3060\u7d4c\u6e08\u306f\u3001\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u306e\u3092\u5f85\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u8eca\u306e\u96e3\u7834\u8239\u3067\u3059\u00bb \u3002 \u30ef\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30c8\u30ea\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u30f3  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2014\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u7a40\u7269\u3001\u30ec\u30aa\u30cb\u30fc\u30c9\uff08Noviembre de 2011\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u00bb \u3002 Globalization Studies Journal  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09  2 \uff082\uff09\u3002\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2013\u5e741\u670815\u65e5 \u3002 2014\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002    \u2191  Pu Xingzu\u3001\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u3001\u300c\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u300d\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u30de\u30a4\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\uff08Zhonghua Renmin Gonghiguo Zhengzhinhidu\uff09C\uff09  \u2191  Pu Xingzu\u3001\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u3001\u300c\u4e2d\u56fd\u306ePe\u51f8\u6027\u306e\u5927\u91d1\u7cfb\u300d\u306e\u5dde\u306e\u30df\u30ea\u30bf\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\uff08Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Zhidu\uff09  \u2191  {cita web | url = http:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/template.cfm?page=22\uff06year=2011&country = 8016%7c%7Ctititico = freedom \u5bb6\uff1a2011\u5e74\u306e\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd}}  \u2191 a  b  Dawa Norbu (2001). \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30c1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u653f\u7b56 \u3002\u30ab\u30fc\u30be\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30b9\u3002 ISBN 0-7007-0474-4 \u3002 OCLC 48506610 \u3002 2021\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002   \u2191  \u30b4\u30fc\u30c9\u30f3\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30ebR.\uff082021\u5e741\u670819\u65e5\uff09\u3002 wsj.com\/articles\/u-s-declares-chinas-tratment-of-uight-muslims-to-be-genocide-1161108155\u00ab\u7c73\u56fd\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u304c\u30a4\u30b0\u30eb\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u5f92\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30b8\u30a7\u30ce\u30b5\u30a4\u30c9\u300d\u3092\u72af\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u00bb \u3002 \u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb \u3002   \u2191  \u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9}  \u2191  \u00ab\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u8b70\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30a6\u30a4\u30b0\u30eb\u4eba\u306e\u8650\u6bba\u306e\u6271\u3044\u3092\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ‘ \u00bb \u3002 BBC\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9  \uff08\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \u3002 2021\u5e742\u670823\u65e5 \u3002 2021\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002   \u2191  {Web Appettions\u3001Rayhan Asat\u3001Yonah\uff082020\u5e7411\u670811\u65e5\uff09\u3002 “\u4e2d\u56fd”  \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\uff09 \uff08\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30e0\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u3092\u516c\u958b\uff09\u3002   \u2191  {cita web | ultimate = |\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30de\u30ea= | url = https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/pt\/world-report\/2020\/country-chaptters\/336847 ||\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb=\u4e16\u754c\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c82020\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u50be\u5411|\u65e5\u4ed8= 2020 |\u65e5\u4ed8\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9= |\u51fa\u7248=\u4eba\u6a29\u76e3\u8996}}  \u2191  “\u4e2d\u56fd” \u3002 https:\/\/www.amnest.org\/es\/countries\/asia-and-the-picific\/china\/ \uff08\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u6069\u8d66\u3092\u516c\u958b\uff09\u3002 2019\u5e74 \u3002 2020\u5e7411\u670811\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5831\u9053\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u306e\u5e74\u6b21\u6307\u6570-2005\u00bb \u3002 \u56fd\u5883\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8a18\u8005 \u3002 2010.\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2010\u5e7411\u670824\u65e5 \u3002 2010\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002  {{\u306e}  \u2191  {cita web | url = http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/en\/world-report-2\/china%7c%7ctititeo = informe \u30ef\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30c3\u30d72009 |publicaci\u00f3n=\u4eba\u6a29\u6642\u8a08| Closacese = 14-7-2009}}  \u2191  Chen\u3001Guidi\uff082006\uff09\u3002 \u30dc\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u6c34\u3092\u6c88\u3081\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f \uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u8fb2\u6c11\u306e\u751f\u6d3b \uff08\u7b2c1\u30a8\u30c9\u30fb\u30a8\u30c7\u30a3\u30c1\u30e7\u30f3\uff09\u3002\u516c\u52d9\u3002 ISBN 1-58648-358-7 \u3002 OCLC 62331010 \u3002 2021\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002   \u2191  \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u4eba\u6a29\u3001\u7de8\uff082004\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u00bb \u3002\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u3002\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2007\u5e743\u670813\u65e5 \u3002 2021\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002   \u2191  {cita web | url = http:\/\/www.freedomhouse.org\/images\/file\/fotn\/china2011.pdf%7cdatali=2020%7cwayb=201106260120222201c%7ctititeo = inform = informme \u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30e0\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u304b\u3089\uff1a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd}}  \u2191  \u82b1\u3001\u30df\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\uff082013\u5e741\u67084\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u307e\u308c\u306a\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u306b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u515a\u306e\u691c\u95b2\u306b\u6297\u8b70\u3057\u307e\u3059\u00bb \u3002 \u56fd\u969b\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0 \u3002 2021\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002   \u2191  \u00ab1998\u7c73\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9928\u306e\u5831\u544a \u300c \u00bb \u3002 2007\u5e744\u67082\u65e5\u306b\u76f8\u8ac7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u3002   \u2191  Folha de S. Paulo\u3001\u7de8\uff085-6-2014\uff09\u3002 \u300c\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3092\u4e0a\u56de\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u30673\u756a\u76ee\u306b\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5211\u52d9\u6240\u4eba\u53e3\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u300d \u3002   \u2191  Denyer\u3001Simon\uff082018\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\uff09\u3002 \u00ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u65b0jiang\u306e\u5831\u9053\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u7f70\u3067\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u8a18\u8005\u306e\u89aarelative\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u307e\u3059\u00bb \u3002 \u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8 \u3002 2018\u5e743\u67084\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191 a  b  htm\u00ab \u300c \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u4eba\u6a29\u306e\u9032\u6b69 \u300c \u00bb \u3002 2005\u5e747\u6708 \u3002 2008\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u2191  htm\u00ab \u300c \u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u6539\u9769\u3068\u958b\u4f1a\u4fc3\u9032\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u6a29\u306f\u3001\u9996\u76f8\u306f\u8a00\u3046 \u300c \u00bb \uff08\u7c73\u56fd\u3067\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9928\u3092\u516c\u958b\uff09\u3002 2003\u5e7412\u670811\u65e5 \u3002 2006\u5e744\u670828\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002   \u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af [ \u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]          (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/19124#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u6cbb"}}]}]