[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/20757#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/20757","headline":"\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","name":"\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","description":"before-content-x4 1889\u5e74\u9803\u3001\u30a8\u30c9\u30a5\u30a2\u30eb\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30d2\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d75\u753b\u300c\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u5730\u533a\u300d \u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 400\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u5e02\u5185\u3067\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u897f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 after-content-x4 Table of Contents \u30bb\u30d5\u30a1\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u79fb\u6c11 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30b1\u30ca\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059","datePublished":"2020-07-29","dateModified":"2020-07-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Eduard_Alexander_Hilverdink_-_Jodenbuurt_in_Amsterdam.jpg\/240px-Eduard_Alexander_Hilverdink_-_Jodenbuurt_in_Amsterdam.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Eduard_Alexander_Hilverdink_-_Jodenbuurt_in_Amsterdam.jpg\/240px-Eduard_Alexander_Hilverdink_-_Jodenbuurt_in_Amsterdam.jpg","height":"293","width":"240"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/20757","wordCount":1152,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4 1889\u5e74\u9803\u3001\u30a8\u30c9\u30a5\u30a2\u30eb\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fb\u30d2\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d75\u753b\u300c\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u5730\u533a\u300d  \u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 400\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u5e02\u5185\u3067\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u897f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of Contents\u30bb\u30d5\u30a1\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u79fb\u6c11 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30b1\u30ca\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u82b1 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] 18\u4e16\u7d00\u306819\u4e16\u7d00 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u5360\u9818 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30bb\u30d5\u30a1\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u79fb\u6c11 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u30d0\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30d4\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u3001\u300c\u30da\u30c3\u30b5\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30a4\u30d6\u306e\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u7cfb\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e01725\u5e74  \u30d0\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30d4\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\uff1a \u30ea\u30fc\u30d5\u30cf\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a7\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30d0\u30eb\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u7cfb\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u9593\u306e\u30e4\u30b7\u306e\u6728\uff08\u30db\u30b7\u30e3\u30ca\u30e9\u30d0\uff09\u306e\u884c\u5217 \u3001\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0A 1725 1579\u5e74\u3001\u30e6\u30c8\u30ec\u30d2\u30c8\u9023\u5408\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u5dde\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5e02\u6c11\u306b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u304c\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021593\u5e74\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u304c\u30a2\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30d6\u30e9\u306edict\u4ee4\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3059\u3067\u306b\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30bb\u30d5\u30a1\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u7cfb\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3057\u304b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30de\u30ec\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u88d5\u798f\u3067\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306f\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u533b\u5e2b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30e9\u30d3\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u898f\u5236\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u3067\u4ed6\u306e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u3067\u306f\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u81ea\u7531\u3092\u4eab\u53d7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u8cbf\u6613\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1602\u5e74\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] \u540c\u3058\u5e74\u306b\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u5546\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u897f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1607\u5e74\u304b\u3089Groet\u306e\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u5893\u5730\u304cGroet\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 [2] \u4f7f\u7528\u6e08\u307f\u30021608\u5e74\u306b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \u30d9\u30b9\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30b3\u30d6 \u3001u\u3002a\u3002 Jacob Tirado\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1612\u5e74\u3001\u30b7\u30ca\u30b4\u30fc\u30b0\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u7533\u8acb\u306f\u627f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u30021614\u5e74\u3001Ouderkerk Aan de Amstel\u306e\u5893\u5730\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002ETS Haim Library\u306f1616\u5e74\u306b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021621\u5e74\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u5546\u4eba\u306f\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u6771\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021626\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u4eba\u5370\u5237\u4f1a\u793e\u306f\u30d9\u30f3\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30b1\u30ca\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30b1\u30ca\u30b7\u30a2\u7cfb\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306f\u30011600\u5e74\u9803\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u6765\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306f\u30011648\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30e1\u30eb\u30cb\u30c4\u30ad\u30b8\u306e\u8702\u8d77\u4e2d\u306b\u300130\u5e74\u306e\u6226\u4e89\u3068\u8650\u6bba\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u6771\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u304b\u3089\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5730\u5143\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7fd2\u6163\u3084\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u8a9e\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1639\u5e74\u306b\u5225\u306e\u30b7\u30ca\u30b4\u30fc\u30b0\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3059\u3050\u306b\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u82b1 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]   \u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u3059\u3050\u306b\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u5968\u5b66\u91d1\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ec\u30f3\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u591a\u6570\u306e\u7d75\u753b\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d0\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30c7\u30fb\u30b9\u30d4\u30ce\u30b6\u306f1659\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 Uri Phoebus Ha-Levi\u3001Josef Athias\u3001David De Castro Tartas\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1650\u5e74\u9803\u3001\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u6700\u3082\u88d5\u798f\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 1671\u5e74\u3001\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30b1\u30ca\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30b7\u30ca\u30b4\u30fc\u30b0\u304c\u767a\u8db3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021675\u5e74\u3001\u30bb\u30d5\u30a1\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b7\u30e5\u306e\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u8a9e\u30b7\u30ca\u30b4\u30fc\u30b0\u3002 1678\u5e74\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u30011686\u5e74\u304b\u30891688\u5e74\u306e\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u8a9e\u3067\u6700\u521d\u306e\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u96d1\u8a8c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30ae\u30b7\u30a7\u30af\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u8a9e\u306e\u4f1d\u67d3\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1679\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5546\u54c1\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u56fd\u7acb\u6e2f\u6e7e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5c01\u7b52\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u5931\u3044\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u91d1\u878d\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 18\u4e16\u7d00\u306819\u4e16\u7d00 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u6771\u6d0b\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3082\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9ad8\u3044\u7a0e\u91d1\u3068\u5dee\u5225\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 Isaac de Pinto\u306f1748\u5e74\u306b\u3053\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300218\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7d0420,000\u4eba\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u304c\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u897f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u6700\u5927\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 1796\u5e74\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u516c\u6c11\u6a29\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [3] 19\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u30bb\u30d5\u30a1\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u7cfb\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3068\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30b1\u30ca\u30b7\u30e0\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8d77\u6e90\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3068\u975e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u4eba\u3078\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u5931\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u30ea\u30d9\u30e9\u30eb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d7\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [4]  \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u5360\u9818 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306f\u30011933\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u9003\u3052\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u897f\u90e8\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306f1944\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u5360\u9818\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021940\u5e745\u670810\u65e5\u306b\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306e\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u5360\u9818\u6642\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u306f1941\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b79,000\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u6210\u9577\u3057\u305f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u304c\u7d0475,000\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f\u3001\u7dcf\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u307b\u307c10\uff05\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [5] 1930\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u6765\u3066\u3044\u305f10,000\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1941\u5e74\u306b\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u767a\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f2\u6708\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30a4\u30ad\u306e\u5f8c\u3001389\u4eba\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u304c\u30d6\u30c3\u30c1\u30a7\u30f3\u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30c8\u5f37\u5236\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u306b\u5f37\u5236\u9001\u9084\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u30de\u30a6\u30c6\u30cf\u30a6\u30bc\u30f3\u5f37\u5236\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u306b\u9001\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1942\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\u3001\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u3067\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8972\u6483\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u7d04540\u4eba\u304c\u902e\u6355\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30b7\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c4\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u964d\u6a5f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a6\u30a7\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30dc\u30fc\u30af\u96c6\u56e3\u5009\u5eab\u306b\u9023\u308c\u3066\u884c\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [6] 1943\u5e745\u6708\u304b\u3089\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u8972\u6483\u304c\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1943\u5e749\u6708\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3068\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306f\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u8a98n\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [7] \u4e57\u7d44\u54e1\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u524d\u306e\u7d0480,000\u4eba\u306e\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u3092\u751f\u304d\u5ef6\u3073\u305f\u306e\u306f10,000\u4eba\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 [8] \u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u7d0415,000\u4eba\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u304c\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30b1\u30ca\u30b7\u30a2\u30f3\u3001\u9032\u6b69\u7684\u306a\u3001\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u4eba\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5408\u8a089\u3064\u306e\u30b7\u30ca\u30b4\u30fc\u30b0\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30ea\u30d9\u30e9\u30eb\u306a\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 6\u3064\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u5893\u5730\u304c\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5468\u8fba\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u97f3\u697d\u306e\u65e5\u3068\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6620\u753b\u796d\u304c\u6bce\u5e74\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u5e74\u9451\u3068\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u65b0\u805e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6587\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3067\u3059\u3002Rabbi\u3068Cantors\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30bb\u30df\u30ca\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30ec\u30c3\u30b7\u30d6Levisson Instuut\u3002 1612\uff1a500 1620\uff1a1,000 1674\uff1a7,500\uff085,000 Ashkenasian\u30012,500 Sephardische\uff09 1700\uff1a6,200 1795\uff1a20,335 1900\uff1a51,000 [9] 1939\u5e74\uff1a80,000 \u30cf\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8I.\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc\u30e0\uff1a 17\u4e16\u7d00\u306818\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002 Bayard Press\u3001Williamsport PA 1937\u3001\uff08\u540c\u6642\u306b\uff1a\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30afNY\u3001\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u30011937\u5e74\u3001\u518d\u7248\uff1aKennicat Press\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3NY 1969\uff09\u3002 \u30df\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30dc\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30f3\uff1a \u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u4eba\u3002\u8fd1\u4e16\u306e\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4f1a\u8a71\u3068\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3002 \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ca\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc\u30df\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u306eU\u3002 a\u3002 1997\u3001ISBN 0-253-21351-7\u3002 \u30ab\u30ec\u30eb\u30fb\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30cf\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30a8\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30f4\u30a1\u30f3\u30fb\u30f4\u30a9\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\uff08hrsg\u3002\uff09\uff1a \u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u3002 Jewischer Verlag\u3001Frankfurt Am Main 1993\u3001ISBN 3-633-54080-6\u3002 \u2191  \u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u30fb\u30ac\u30c3\u30c8\u30de\u30f3u\u3002 \uff08\u7de8\uff09\uff1a \u30db\u30ed\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178\u3002\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u3068\u6bba\u4eba \uff08= \u30bb\u30ea\u30a8\u30fb\u30d1\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 2121\uff09\u3002\u30d0\u30f3\u30c91\uff1a A  –  G\u3002 \u30d1\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc\u3001\u30df\u30e5\u30f3\u30d8\u30f3\u3001a\u3002 1995\u3001ISBN 3-492-22700-7\u3001p\u300238\u3002  \u2191  \u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30d9\u30eb\u30b2\u30f3\uff08\u30ce\u30fc\u30c9\u30db\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\uff09\u3067\u3002  \u2191  \u56fd\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u3068\u6bba\u5bb31933-1945\u3002 \u7b2c5\u5dfb\uff1aKatja Happe\u3001Michael Mayer\u3001Maja Peers\uff08\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\uff09\uff1a \u897f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3068\u5317\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3002 1940\u5e74 –  1942\u5e746\u6708\u3002 Oldenbourg\u3001Munich 2012\u3001ISBN 978-3-486-58682-4\u3001p\u300215\u3002  \u2191  \u56fd\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u3068\u6bba\u5bb31933-1945\u3002 \u7b2c5\u5dfb\uff1aKatja Happe\u3001Michael Mayer\u3001Maja Peers\uff08\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\uff09\uff1a \u897f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3068\u5317\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3002 1940\u5e74 –  1942\u5e746\u6708\u3002 Oldenbourg\u3001Munich 2012\u3001ISBN 978-3-486-58682-4\u3001pp\u300215\u201316\u3002  \u2191   \u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 \u30012017\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3002  \u2191   \u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u8feb\u5bb31940-45\u3002 Westphalia Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4tM\u00fcnster\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7de8\u96c6 \u30012017\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3002  \u2191  \u56fd\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u3068\u6bba\u5bb31933-1945\u3002 \u7b2c5\u5dfb\uff1aKatja Happe\u3001Michael Mayer\u3001Maja Peers\uff08\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\uff09\uff1a \u897f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3068\u5317\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3002 1940\u5e74 –  1942\u5e746\u6708\u3002 Oldenbourg\u3001Munich 2012\u3001ISBN 978-3-486-58682-4\u3001p\u300240\u3002  \u2191  \u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u30fb\u30ac\u30c3\u30c8\u30de\u30f3u\u3002 \uff08\u7de8\uff09\uff1a \u30db\u30ed\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178\u3002\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u3068\u6bba\u4eba \uff08= \u30bb\u30ea\u30a8\u30fb\u30d1\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc\u3002 2121\uff09\u3002\u30d0\u30f3\u30c91\uff1a A  –  G\u3002 \u30d1\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc\u3001\u30df\u30e5\u30f3\u30d8\u30f3\u3001a\u3002 1995\u3001ISBN 3-492-22700-7\u3001p\u300240\u3002  \u2191  \u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u30af\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8 \u300144\/1903\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/20757#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2"}}]}]