[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/2853#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/2853","headline":"QuanteneLektrodynamics -Wikipedia","name":"QuanteneLektrodynamics -Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66 \uff08 \u305d\u308c\u306f \uff09\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3059\u3002 after-content-x4 QED\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u3084\u30dd\u30b8\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8377\u96fb\u70b9\u7c92\u5b50\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f37\u3044\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5024\u3092\u9023\u7d9a\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u9855\u5fae\u93e1\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306f\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u95a2\u5fc3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u3084\u5206\u5b50\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306a\u3069\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u751f\u7523\u306a\u3069\u3001\u9ad8\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u6700\u826f\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306e1\u3064\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u7570\u5e38\u78c1\u6c17\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300111\u306e\u5c0f\u6570\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3068\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5024\uff08Land\u00e9Factor\uff09\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] \u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001QED\u304c\u4eca\u65e5\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6700\u3082\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u306e1\u3064\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [2] [3] QED\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3068\u96fb\u8377\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 – \u305d\u308c\u306f \u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u3092\u8868\u3059\u30aa\u30fc\u30af\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 Maxwell\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u304d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306f\u3001\u4eee\u60f3\u5149\u5b50\u306e\u4ea4\u63db\u3068\u96fb\u78c1\u653e\u5c04\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8377\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3001\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u3069\uff09\u9593\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 QED\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u305f\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3068\u7d76\u6ec5\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u89e3\u6c7a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u8005\u306f\u30011965\u5e74\u306b\u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9P.\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u3001\u30b8\u30e5\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u3001\u30b7\u30f3\u30c1\u30ed\u30c8\u30e2\u30ca\u30ac\u3078\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8cde\u306e\u6388\u4e0e\u3067\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 after-content-x4 \u91cf\u5b50\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3067\u3059","datePublished":"2020-07-24","dateModified":"2020-07-24","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/9027196ecb178d598958555ea01c43157d83597c","url":"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/9027196ecb178d598958555ea01c43157d83597c","height":"","width":""},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/2853","wordCount":5477,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4 \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66 \uff08 \u305d\u308c\u306f \uff09\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3059\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4QED\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u3084\u30dd\u30b8\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8377\u96fb\u70b9\u7c92\u5b50\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f37\u3044\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5024\u3092\u9023\u7d9a\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u9855\u5fae\u93e1\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306f\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u95a2\u5fc3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u3084\u5206\u5b50\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306a\u3069\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u751f\u7523\u306a\u3069\u3001\u9ad8\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u6700\u826f\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306e1\u3064\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u7570\u5e38\u78c1\u6c17\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300111\u306e\u5c0f\u6570\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3068\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5024\uff08Land\u00e9Factor\uff09\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] \u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001QED\u304c\u4eca\u65e5\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6700\u3082\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u306e1\u3064\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [2] [3] QED\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3068\u96fb\u8377\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059  – \u305d\u308c\u306f \u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u3092\u8868\u3059\u30aa\u30fc\u30af\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 Maxwell\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u304d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306f\u3001\u4eee\u60f3\u5149\u5b50\u306e\u4ea4\u63db\u3068\u96fb\u78c1\u653e\u5c04\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8377\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3001\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u3069\uff09\u9593\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 QED\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u305f\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3068\u7d76\u6ec5\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u89e3\u6c7a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u8005\u306f\u30011965\u5e74\u306b\u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9P.\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u3001\u30b8\u30e5\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u3001\u30b7\u30f3\u30c1\u30ed\u30c8\u30e2\u30ca\u30ac\u3078\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8cde\u306e\u6388\u4e0e\u3067\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u91cf\u5b50\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3067\u3059 L{displaystyle {mathcal {l}}} \uff1a LQED= \u2211n\u03c8\u00afn\uff08 \u79c1 \u03b3\u03bc\u2202\u03bc –  mn\uff09\uff09 \u03c8n –  14F\u03bc\u03bdF\u03bc\u03bd –  \u2211nqn\u03c8\u00afn\u03b3\u03bcA\u03bc\u03c8n\u3002 Expent Slepray Empheophy Malves\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9-PEX SUPE MM KM KMM KUPE KUPEH\u00f6m\uff09MALM HADEGAL SUPEGATE MALM MALMMALM\u3002YE\u3002RABT TM TAPPE PAPPEK EMKMAE HYMO HYOM HYOM MPIE EMBAL HYO HY\u3002 \u5f0f\u3067\uff1a        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u30d4\u30ce\u30d5\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9 \u03c6 {displaystyle psi} \u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u3084\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u5149\u5b50\u7551 A\u03bc{displaystyle a^{mu}} \u30de\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u5f37\u5ea6 F\u03bc\u03bd{displaystyle f_ {mu nu}} \u306e\u7565\u8a9e\u3067\u3059 \u2202\u03bcA\u03bd –  \u2202\u03bdA\u03bc{displaystyle partial _ {mu} a_ {no} -partial _ {no} a_ {mu}} \u3002 \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7269\u7406\u81ea\u7531\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059 \uff08\u88f8\u306e\uff09\u584a mn{displaystyle m_ {n}} \u500b\u3005\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e \u305d\u308c\u3089\uff08\u88f8\u306e\uff09\u30ab\u30c3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u5b9a\u6570 qn{displaystyle q_ {n}} \u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u96fb\u6c17\u8ca0\u8377\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7d21\u7e3e\u5834\u306e\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3068\u81ea\u7531\u5149\u5b50\u5834\u306e\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 \u3055\u3089\u306b \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5206\u6563\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7d50\u5408\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08DIRAC\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002 \u7279\u306b\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u6700\u5927\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066g\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u57fa\u6e96\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308aH.\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30c6\u30fc\u30eb\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u76f8\u5bfe\u8ad6\u7684\u30aa\u30fc\u30af\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3059 \u306e \uff08 \u521d\u3081 \uff09\uff09 {displaystyle u\uff081\uff09} \uff08\u5730\u533a\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\uff09\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 Table of Contents\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5909\u63db\u306e\u610f\u5473 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u52d5\u304d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u8a18\u4e8b [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u672c [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30ce\u30f3\u30d5\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30af\u30e9\u30b7\u30c3\u30af [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5909\u63db\u306e\u610f\u5473 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30c0\u30a4\u5909\u63db a \u03bc\u2192 a \u03bc‘ = a \u03bc+ \u2202 \u03bca \uff08 \u30d0\u30c4 \uff09\uff09 {displaystyle a_ {mu} to a_ {mu} ‘= a_ {mu}+partial _ {mu} alpha\uff08x\uff09} \u96fb\u78c1\u96fb\u4f4d\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5909\u63db\u3067\u3059 \u30d5\u30a1\u30a4 {displaystylephi} \u3068 A\u2192{displaystyle {vec {a}}} \u96fb\u754c\u306e\u5024 E\u2192=  –  \u2207\u2192\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4  –  \u2202 tA\u2192{displaystyle {thing {e}} =  –  {thing {bear}} phi -partial _ {t} {thing {a}}} \u307e\u305f\u306f\u78c1\u675f\u5bc6\u5ea6 B\u2192= \u2207\u2192\u00d7 A\u2192{displayStyle {thing {b}} = {thing {bear}} times {thing {a}}}}} \u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 \u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u5909\u63db \u03c6 \u2192 \u03c6 ‘ = \u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059 iq\u03b1(x)\u03c6 } \u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u985e\u4f3c\u4f53\u306a\u3057\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b2\u30cb\u30c3\u30c4\u30a7\u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u6027\u306f\u3001\u9a12\u97f3\u5b9a\u7406\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30c7\u30a3\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u96fb\u6d41\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 j \u03bc= \u03c8\u00afc \u03bc\u03c6 {displaystyle j_ {mu} = {bar {psi} gamma _ {mu} psi} \u9023\u7d9a\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4ed8\u304d \u2202 \u03bcj \u03bc= 0 {displaystyle partial ^{mu} j_ {mu} = 0} \u3002 Eich Invariance\u3001Lorentz\u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u6027\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306e\u6539\u4fee\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u306f\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u306e\u6539\u88c5\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u30de\u30bb\u30ed\u30b9\u304c\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u58f0\u660e\u306b\u3082\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 a \u03bcm \u03b32a \u03bc{displaystyle a_ {mu} m_ {gamma}^{2} a^{mu}}} Eich Invariant\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 \u52d5\u304d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \uff08 i\u03b3\u03bc\u2202\u03bc –  m \uff09\uff09 \u03c6 = Q \u03b3\u03bcA\u03bc\u03c6 {disternstyle\uff08mathrm {i} gamma ^ {in} partial _ {in} -m\uff09psi = qgamma ^ {in} a_ {in} psi} \u2202\u03bcF\u03bc\u03bd= j\u03bd{displaystyle partial _ {mu} f^{mu no} = j^{no}} 2\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u306eMaxwell\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8868\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u96fb\u78c1\u56db\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30e0\u5bc6\u5ea6\u304cDIRAC\u96fb\u6d41\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u8a18\u4e8b [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30e6\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3D.\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\uff1a \u96fb\u5b50\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2 \u3002\u306e\uff1a \u6838\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u7c92\u5b50\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5e74\u6b21\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc \u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9  62 \u3001 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  \u521d\u3081 \u300123\u30022012\u5e7411\u6708\u3001 S.  133\u2013157 \u3001doi\uff1a 10.1146\/annurev-nucl-102711-094908 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\uff09\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff1a\u30b8\u30e5\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u30fb\u30b7\u30e5\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\uff08\u7de8\uff09\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u6587 \uff08= \u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u672c \uff09\u3002\u30c9\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af1958\u3001ISBN 978-0-486-60444-2\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u672c [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30ab\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30b7\u30eb\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u30c8 \u3002 De Greeter\u30012019\u3001ISBN 978-3-048889-3\u3001doi\uff1a 10.1515\/9783110488593 \u3002  I. N. Toptygin\uff1a \u53e4\u5178\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e \u3002 Wiley-VCH\u3001Weinheim 2014\u3001ISBN 978-3-527-41153-5\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  Ian J.R. Aitchison\u3001Anthony J.G.\u304a\u3044\uff1a \u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u5b9f\u7528\u7684\u306a\u7d39\u4ecb\u3001\u7b2c1\u5dfb\uff1a\u76f8\u5bfe\u8ad6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u304b\u3089QED\u307e\u3067 \u3002\u7b2c4\u7248\u3002 CRC Press\u30012013\u3001ISBN 978-0-429-18538-0\u3001doi\uff1a 10.1201\/B13717 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  Florian Scheck\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3068\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u91c8 \u3002\u306e\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66 \u3002 Springer Berlin Heidelberg\u3001Berlin\u3001Heidelberg 2013\u3001ISBN 978-3-642-34562-3\u3001 S.  383\u2013475 \u3001doi\uff1a 10,1007\/978-3-342-34563-0_7 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30a4\u30ca\u30fc\u3001\u30e8\u30a2\u30d2\u30e0\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30cf\u30eb\u30c8\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66 \u3002 Springer Berlin Heidelberg\u3001Berlin\u3001Heidelberg 2009\u3001ISBN 978-3-540-87560-4\u3001doi\uff1a 10,1007\/978-3-540-87561-1-1 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30c3\u30c8\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30c1\u3001\u30db\u30eb\u30ac\u30fc\u30fb\u30ae\u30fc\u30ba\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u771f\u7a7a\u306e\u8abf\u67fb \uff08= \u73fe\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u30b9\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30c8 \u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9  166 \uff09\u3002 Springer Berlin Heidelberg\u3001Berlin\u3001Heidelberg 2000\u3001ISBN 978-3-540-67428-3\u3001doi\uff1a 10.1007\/3-540-45585-x \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  G.\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30d5\uff1a \u6709\u9650\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66 \u3002 Springer Berlin Heidelberg\u3001Berlin\u3001Heidelberg 1995\u3001ISBN 978-3-642-63345-4\u3001doi\uff1a 10,1007\/978-3-642-57750-5 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u30d4\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30fbW\u30fb\u30e1\u30ed\u30cb\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u771f\u7a7a \u3002 Elsevier\u30011994\u3001ISBN 978-08-057149-2\u3001doi\uff1a 10.1016\/c2009-0-21295-5 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u30ce\u30f3\u30d5\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] Silvan S. Schweber\uff1a QED\u3068\u305d\u308c\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u7537\u6027\uff1a\u30c0\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u3001\u30b7\u30e5\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u3001\u30c8\u30e2\u30ca\u30ac \uff08= \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba \uff09\u3002\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\u3001\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u30011994\u5e74\u3001ISBN 978-0-691-03685-4\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002  \u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9Q.\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30de\u30f3\uff1a QED\uff1a\u5149\u3068\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u5947\u5999\u306a\u7406\u8ad6 \uff08= \u30d1\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc \u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9  31316 \uff09\u3002 Unabridged Paperback Edition\u3002 Piper\u3001Munich 2018\u3001ISBN 978-3-492-31316-2\uff08\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\uff1a QED\uff1a\u5149\u3068\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u5947\u5999\u306a\u7406\u8ad6 \u3002 1985.\uff09\u3002  \u30af\u30e9\u30b7\u30c3\u30af [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] L. D. Landau\u3001E\u3002M\u3002Lifschitz\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66 \uff08= \u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8 \u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9  4 \uff09\u3002 7\u65e5\u306eUNC-REPRINT\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u72481991\u5e74\u3002\u6b27\u5dde\u306e\u6559\u6750\u30012020\u5e74\u3001ISBN 978-3-8085-5632-0\u3002  \u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9\u30fbP\u30fb\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30de\u30f3\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fbR\u30fb\u30d2\u30d6\u30b9\u3001\u30c0\u30cb\u30a8\u30eb\u30fbF\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3068\u7d4c\u8def\u7a4d\u5206 \u3002\u6539\u6b63\u7248\u7248\u3002 Dover Publications\u3001Mineola\u3001NY 2010\u3001ISBN 978-0-486-47722-0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3001\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3068\u7d4c\u8def\u7a4d\u5206 \u3002 1965.\uff09\u3002  \u30ea\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c9Q.\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30de\u30f3\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66 – \u8b1b\u7fa9\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u518d\u7248\u306e\u30dc\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0 \uff08= \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2 \uff09\u3002\u30d9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30df\u30f3\u30011961\u5e74\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u3001 archive.org \uff09\u3002  \u2191  \u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u30fb\u30a6\u30a3\u30eb\u30c4\u30a7\u30af\uff1a \u91cf\u5b50\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u7406\u8ad6 \u3002\u306e\uff1a \u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc \u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9  71 \u3001 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  2 \u30011999\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u3001ISSN 0034-6861 \u3001 S.  S85 -S95 \u3001doi\uff1a 10.1103\/revmodphys.71.s85 \u3001arxiv\uff1a HEP-TH\/9803075V2 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  V. W.\u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30ba\u3001T\u3002\u30ad\u30ce\u30b7\u30bf\uff1a \u96fb\u5b50\u3068\u30e0\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u7570\u5e38\u306aG\u5024 \u3002\u306e\uff1a \u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc \u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9  71 \u3001 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  2 \u30011999\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u3001ISSN 0034-6861 \u3001 S.  S133 -S139 \u3001doi\uff1a 10.1103\/revmodphys.71.s133 \uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u535a\u58ebBernold Feuerstein\uff1a \u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u30d9\u30f3\u30c1\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u60c5\u5831\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u79d1\u5b66\u3002 \u30de\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u30012011\u5e747\u67088\u65e5\u3001 2023\u5e742\u670826\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97 \u3002         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki11\/archives\/2853#breadcrumbitem","name":"QuanteneLektrodynamics -Wikipedia"}}]}]