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\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u3001x\u306e\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3002 AS\u306e\u51fa\u73fe \u30d0\u30fc\u30dc\u30c7\u30a3 \u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5727\u7e2e\u3055\u308c\u305fX\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u304c\u5c0a\u91cd\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059 \u51cd\u7d50\u5316 \u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u30a8\u30ea\u30b6\u30d9\u30b9H.\u30aa\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\uff1a \u5973\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178\u3002 File Inc.\u3001New York 2001\u3001ISBN 0-8160-4381-7\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f \u30eb\u30a4\u30fc\u30ba\u30fbS\u30fb\u30b0\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30f3\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30ed\u30eb\u30fbA\u30fb\u30d3\u30a2\u30de\u30f3\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30ba\u30fbK\u30fb\u30ed\u30fc\u30ba\uff1a \u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5973\u6027\uff1aBiobibliographic\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30d6\u30c3\u30af\u3002 \u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u30d7\u30ec\u30b9\u3001\u30a6\u30a7\u30b9\u30c8\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8CT 1997\u3001ISBN 0-313-29180-2 Sohaila rightan\uff1a \u30e1\u30a2\u30ea\u30fcF.\u30ea\u30e8\u30f3\uff081925\u20132014\uff09\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u81ea\u7136\u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9518\u3001nr\u3002 7537\u30012015\u3001S\u300236\u3001 2\uff1a10.1038\/518036a \u2191  \u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea \u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30a2\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3067  1978\uff1a\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30c7\u30a4\u30d3\u30b9\u30fb\u30b9\u30cd\u30eb\u3001\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30cd\u30a6\u30c8\u30fb\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30f4\u30a1\u30f3\u30fb\u30eb\u30fc\u30c9|1979\u5e74\uff1a\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30fb\u30b7\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30ab\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30bd\u30f3\u3001\u30aa\u30ec\u30fb\u30db\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc\u30fb\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c1\u30b8\u30af\u30b9|1980\u5e74\uff1a\u30ab\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30de\u30a4\u30b7\u30b7\u30f3\u30e1\u30b3\u30e9\u3001\u30ec\u30aa\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30baL.\u30ac\u30eb\u30ef\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u3001G\u3002G\u3002\u30b8\u30aa\u30cb\u30d5|1981\u5e74\uff1a\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30e9\u30fb\u30de\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u30c3\u30af\u3001\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30ca\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30fc\u30a8\u30f3|1982\u5e74\uff1a\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30d4\u30a8\u30fc\u30eb|\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30eb\u30fc\u3001\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3H.\u30b9\u30ca\u30a4\u30b9\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30b9\u30c6\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c8\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af|1983\/4\uff1a \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd |1984\/5\uff1a\u30c9\u30ca\u30eb\u30c9F.\u30b7\u30e5\u30bf\u30a4\u30ca\u30fc|1986\u5e74\uff1aHayaishi osamu |1987\uff1aPedro Cuatrecasas\u3001Meir Wilchek |1988\uff1a\u30d8\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30b2\u30ea\u30fb\u5f7c\u5973\u3001\u30a8\u30ea\u30b6\u30d9\u30b9\u30fbF\u30fb\u30ce\u30a4\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30c9|1989\uff1a\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30ac\u30fc\u30c9\u30f3\u3001\u30a8\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30fbB\u30fb\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9|1990\uff1aMaclyn McCarty |1991\uff1aSeymour Benzer |1992\uff1a\u30e6\u30c0\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u30de\u30f3|1993\uff1a \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd \u00a0|1994\/5: Michael Berridge, Yasutomi Nishizuka\u00a0|1995\/6: Stanley Prusiner\u00a0|1996\/7: \u30e1\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30fb\u30ea\u30e8\u30f3 |1998\uff1a\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30bb\u30e9\u3001\u30eb\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30a2\u30fc\u30ce\u30f3|1999\uff1a\u30a8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30ab\u30c7\u30eb|2000\uff1a \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd 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Brinster\u3001Mario capecchi\u3001Oliver Smithies |2004\u5e74\uff1a\u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30a2\u30e9\u30f3\u30fb\u30ef\u30a4\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u3001\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30fb\u30c4\u30a3\u30a8\u30f3|2005\u5e74\uff1a\u30c8\u30cb\u30fc\u30cf\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30bd\u30cb\u30fc\u30dd\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30ec\u30d3\u30c3\u30c4\u30ad|2006\/7\uff1a \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd |2008\u5e74\uff1a\u30cf\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30b7\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u3001\u30a2\u30cf\u30ed\u30f3\u30e9\u30b8\u30f3|2009\uff1a \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd |2010\uff1aAxel Ullrich |2011\u5e74\uff1a\u30e4\u30ca\u30de\u30f3\u30ab\u3001\u30eb\u30c9\u30eb\u30d5\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30cb\u30b7\u30e5|2012\u5e74\uff1a\u30ed\u30ca\u30eb\u30c9M.\u30a8\u30f4\u30a1\u30f3\u30b9|2013\uff1a \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd |2014\u5e74\uff1aNahum Sonenberg\u3001Gary Ruvkun\u3001Victor Ambros |2015\u5e74\uff1a\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fbW\u30fb\u30ab\u30c3\u30d7\u30e9\u30fc\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30c3\u30d1\u30fb\u30de\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30d9\u30c3\u30c1|2016\uff1aC\u3002Ronald Kahn\u3001Lewis C. 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