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Mayr\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u30012\u3064\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u306e\u5206\u5272\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u518d\u3073\u8b70\u8ad6\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f \u4eba\u306b \u60b2\u60e8\u3055\u3092\u300c\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8005\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3002 [9] Woese\u306f\u3001Mayr\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u306b\u306e\u307f\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u306b\u306f\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u5341] \u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u7d0420\u306e\u5b66\u4f4d\u306e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c4\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u540d\u8a89\u535a\u58eb\u53f7\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u300c\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u738b\u51a0\u300d\uff1a\u30d0\u30eb\u30b6\u30f3\u8cde\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8cde\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u8cde\u306e\u904b\u9001\u696d\u8005\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 1954\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u82b8\u8853\u79d1\u5b66\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u3068\u56fd\u7acb\u79d1\u5b66\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\uff08NAS\uff09\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1965\u5e74\u3001\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u9ce5\u985e\u5b66\u8005\u7d44\u5408\uff08AOU\uff09\u306e\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30d6\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30e1\u30c0\u30eb\u30011967\u5e74\u306e\u30c0\u30cb\u30a8\u30eb\u30b8\u30ed\u30fc\u30a8\u30ea\u30aa\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30c0\u30eb\u3092\u53d7\u8cde\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1972\u5e74\u3001\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u30ec\u30aa\u30dd\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30ca\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u30011980\u5e74\u306b\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u30e1\u30f3\u30c7\u30eb\u30e1\u30c0\u30eb\u3092\u6388\u4e0e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1977\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30cd\u30e1\u30c0\u30eb\u5354\u4f1a\u3092\u6388\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1984\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u52f2\u7ae0\u3092\u6388\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u30011988\u5e74\u306b\u300c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [11] 1986\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u540d\u306a\u4fa1\u683c\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3\u3068\u30ed\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30d8\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u5354\u4f1a\uff08HSS\uff09\u306e\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u540d\u306a\u4fa1\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3\u30e1\u30c0\u30eb\u3092\u6388\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u304c1965\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u30011995\u5e74\u306b\u30d9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30df\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u30e1\u30c0\u30eb\u3067\u5f7c\u3092\u79f0\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1989\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30d1\u30ea\u306e\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u30c7\u30b7\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [12\u756a\u76ee] \u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u30012003\u5e74\u306b\u5f7c\u3092\u540d\u8a89\u4f1a\u54e1\u306b\u4efb\u547d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [13] Kempten\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u3067\u7206\u5f3e\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u305fKotternerStra\u00dfe\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5f7c\u306e\u751f\u5bb6\u306e\u5f8c\u7d99\u8005\u306e\u5efa\u7269\u306b\u30d7\u30e9\u30fc\u30af\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ae\u30cb\u30a2\u306e\u9ce5\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\uff1a\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ae\u30cb\u30a2\u3068\u96a3\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u5cf6\u306e\u9ce5\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u3067\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3002 \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9928\u30011941\u5e74\u3002 \u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u3068\u7a2e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3002 1942\u5e74\u3002 \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u9ce5\u985e\u5b66\u3002 Erwin Stresemann\u306e60\u6b73\u306e\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u5ff5\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e28\u306e\u8ca2\u732e \u3002 ErnstSch\u00fcz\u3067\u516c\u958b\u3002 Carl WinterUniversit\u00e4tsverlag\u3001Heidelberg 1949\u3001no isbn\u3002 \u5316\u77f3\u985e\u985e\u306e\u5206\u985e\u5b66\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30b9\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u30cf\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30b7\u30f3\u30dd\u30b8\u30a21950\u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c915\u30011950\u3001S\u3002109\u2013118\u3001 2\uff1a10.1101\/sqb.1950.015.01.013 \u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u539f\u5247\u3002 1953.\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\uff1a \u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3002 Blackwell Science Verlag\u3001\u30d9\u30eb\u30ea\u30f31975\u3001ISBN 3-490-03918-1\u3002\u7b2c2\u7248\u200b\u200b\uff1a\u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30d4\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30fbD\u30fb\u30a2\u30b7\u30e5\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\uff1a \u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3002 McGraw-Hill College\u30011991\u3001ISBN 0-07-041144-1\u3002 \u52d5\u7269\u7a2e\u3068\u9032\u5316\u3002 1963.\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\uff1a \u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u7528\u8a9e\u3068\u9032\u5316\u3002 1967\u5e74\u3002 \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u8003\u306e\u6210\u9577\uff1a\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3001\u9032\u5316\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u76f8\u7d9a\u3002 1982\u5e74\u3002\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\uff1a \u601d\u8003\u306e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u767a\u5c55\uff1a\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3001\u9032\u5316\u3001\u76f8\u7d9a\u3002 1984\u5e74 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u54f2\u5b66\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u3002 1988\u5e74\u3002\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\uff1a \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u54f2\u5b66\u3002 1991\u5e74\u3002 1\u3064\u306e\u9577\u3044\u8b70\u8ad6\uff1a\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u3068\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u9032\u5316\u601d\u60f3\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3002 1991.\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\uff1a …\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002 1994\u5e74\u3002 \u3053\u308c\u306f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3067\u3059\u3002\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u3002 1998.\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\uff1a \u3053\u308c\u306f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3067\u3059 – \u4eba\u751f\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u3002 2000\u3001ISBN 3-8274-1015-0\u3002 \u9032\u5316\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u3002 2001.\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\uff1a \u3053\u308c\u306f\u9032\u5316\u3067\u3059\u3002 2005\u5e74\u3001ISBN 3-442-15349-2\u3002 \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 Matthias Glaubrecht\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u4ed8\u304d\u3002 Hirzel\u3001Stuttgart 2005\u3001ISBN 3-7776-1372-X\uff08\u9032\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3001\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u306e\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3001\u958b\u767a\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30a4\uff09\u3002 \u30e6\u30eb\u30b2\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\uff1a \u9ce5\u985e\u5b66\u3001\u9032\u5316\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3002 1904\u5e74\u304b\u30892005\u5e74\u306e\u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u751f\u547d\u3068\u79d1\u5b66\u3002 Springer\u30012007\u5e74\u3002 \u30b1\u30ea\u30f3\u30fb\u30cb\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u30bb\u30f3\uff1a \u5f37\u3044\u610f\u898b\u30683\u3064\u306e\u60c5\u71b1\uff1a\u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5f7c\u306e\u307b\u307c\u4e00\u751f\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u306e\uff1a Tagesspiegel\u3002 No. 20414\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u300c\u9032\u5316\u300d\u3002\u30d9\u30eb\u30ea\u30f3\u30012009\u5e7410\u670818\u65e5\u3001S\u3002B4\u3002 \u8a18\u4e8b  \u2191  \u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u5f7c\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u6587\u66f8 \u3001Webofstories.com\u30012014\u5e7412\u670828\u65e5\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3002  \u2191  J\u00fcrgenHaffner\uff082007\uff1a103\uff09  \u2191  W.\u30a8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3001\u30b9\u30fc\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff1a \u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5148\u7956\u3092\u547d\u540d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u5206\u985e\u5b66\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30bd\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3002 Waveland Press\u3001Prospect Heights\uff08Illinois\uff091994\u3001ISBN 0-88133-799-4\u3001S\u3002151\u3002  \u2191  \u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\uff1a \u5316\u77f3\u985e\u985e\u306e\u5206\u985e\u5b66\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30b9\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u30cf\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30b7\u30f3\u30dd\u30b8\u30a21950\u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c915\u30011950\u3001S\u3002109\u2013118\u3001 2\uff1a10.1101\/sqb.1950.015.01.013 \u3002\u518d\u7248\uff1aW\u3002\u30a8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3001\u30b9\u30fc\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff1a \u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5148\u7956\u3092\u547d\u540d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u5206\u985e\u5b66\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30bd\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3002 Waveland Press\u3001Prospect Heights\uff08Illinois\uff091994\u3001ISBN 0-88133-799-4\u3001S\u3002152\u2013170\u3002  \u2191  \u3044\u3064 Australopithecus transvaalensis 1936\u5e74\u306b\u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30af\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u982d\u84cb\u9aa8\u306e\u767a\u898b\u3067\u3059\uff08\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u30b9\u30ab\u30eb Australopithecus africanus \u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3001R\u3002Broom\uff1a\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff1a \u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5316\u77f3\u985e\u4eba\u69d8\u4f53\u306e\u982d\u84cb\u9aa8\u3002 \u306e\uff1a \u81ea\u7136\u3002 \u30d0\u30f3\u30c9138\u30011936\u3001S\u3002486\u2013488\u3001 2\uff1a10.1038\/138486A0  \u2191  \u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\uff1a \u30af\u30e9\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u5206\u6790\u307e\u305f\u306fcladistic\u5206\u985e\uff1f \u306e\uff1a Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Research\uff08Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research\uff09 \u3002 12\u5e74\u76ee\u3001 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  \u521d\u3081 \u30011\u30021974\u5e749\u6708\u3001 S.  94\u2013128 \u3001doi\uff1a 10.1111\/j.1439-0469.1974.tb00160.x \u3002   \u2191  \u30ed\u30eb\u30d5L\u00f6ther\uff1a \u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u7fd2\u5f97\u3001\u5206\u985e\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u76e4\u3002 Veb Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1972.p\u3002157\u3002  \u2191  \u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30fb\u30d8\u30cb\u30b0\uff1a cladistic\u5206\u6790\u307e\u305f\u306fcladistic\u5206\u985e\uff1f\uff1a\u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u3078\u306e\u8fd4\u4fe1 \u3002\u306e\uff1a \u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u7269\u5b66 \u3002 24\u5e74\u76ee\u3001 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  2 \u30011975\u5e74\u3001 S.  244\u2013256 \u3001doi\uff1a 10,2307\/2412765 \u3002   \u2191  \u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\uff1a 2\u3064\u306e\u5e1d\u56fd\u307e\u305f\u306f3\u3064\uff1f \u306e\uff1a \u56fd\u7acb\u79d1\u5b66\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u306e\u8b70\u4e8b\u9332 \u3002 95\u5e74\u3001 \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002  17 \u30011998\u3001 S.  9720\u20139723 \uff08 pnas.org [PDF]\uff09\u3002   \u2191  \u30ab\u30fc\u30eb\u30fbR\u30fb\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30ba\uff1a \u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\uff1a\u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e1\u30a4\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u898b\u89e3 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