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 –  Adh-Dhahab\u012b\uff1a \u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4a’l\u0101man-nubal\u0101 ‘ \u3002\u30d0\u30f3\u30c915\u3001S\u300229 \u5f01\u8b77\u58eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6cd5\u7684\u5951\u7d04\u306e\u8457\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u3067\u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u6b7b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u306e\u30cf\u30ca\u30d5\u30a3\u6cd5\u5b66\u90e8\u9577\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30ea\u30ad\u30c6\u30b9\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30c0\u30eb\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u5b66\u8005Ibn\u0101bdal-barr\uff08\u20201071\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30b5\u30a4\u30a2\u30fc\u30ef\u3092\u30af\u30d5\u30a3\u30b7\u30a7\u6cd5\u52d9\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 k\u016bf\u012byal-ma\u1e0fhab  – 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al-\u01e7\u0101mial-kab\u012brf\u012b-\u0161ur\u016b\u5357 \/\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\/\u8981\u4ef6\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300d\u306f\u3001\u6700\u53e4\u306e\u6cd5\u7684\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u30d6\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4f5c\u696d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30ca\u30fc\u9593\u306e\u7d1b\u4e89\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u516c\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6307\u793a\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f5c\u696d\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 [8] \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u30aa\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30b7\u30e3\u30cf\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [9] \u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30af\u30c0 \uff08\u300c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u6559\u3048;\u4fe1\u6761\u300d\uff09 – \u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u3082 as-unna wa-l-\u01e7am\u0101a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306ebay\u0101n \uff08\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30ca\u3068\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u56e3\u7d50\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u300d\uff09\u65e2\u77e5\u306e –  10\u301c15\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u307f\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u4e00\u795e\u6559\u3068\u795e\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08 ship\u0101t \uff09 \u4e00\u8a00\u3067\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u4f5c\u54c1\u306f\u300117\u4e16\u7d00\u307e\u3067\u4f55\u5ea6\u304b\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [\u5341] E.E.\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u9577\u8001 [11] \u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30e2\u30f3\u30b4\u30e1\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30ef\u30c3\u30c8 [12\u756a\u76ee] \u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u7ffb\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 at-taswiya BainaHaddathan\u0101wabainaAchbaran\u0101 \/ \u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u9593\u306e\u548c\u89e3\u3068\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068 \/ at-taswiya bainahadda\u1e6fan\u0101wabainaa\u1e2bbaran\u0101 \u30cf\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u3001\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u77ed\u3044\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3059\uff08 \u30bf\u30b9\u30a6\u30a3\u30e4 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