[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki47\/archives\/8418#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki47\/archives\/8418","headline":"\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3001\u7121\u6599\u200b\u200b\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178","name":"\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3001\u7121\u6599\u200b\u200b\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178","description":"before-content-x4 \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca \uff08\u6ce8\u3050\u3002 \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca ; SCN\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u3001dongible\u3001 \u5c71 \u30e2\u30f3\u30ae\u30d9\u30ed \uff09 – \u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u6771\u6d77\u5cb8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30c8\u30f4\u30eb\u30ab\u3002\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u6700\u9ad8\u304b\u3064\u6700\u5927\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u5186\u9310\u5f62\u3002 after-content-x4 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2013\u5e74\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u306f\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u907a\u7523\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u523b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 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    (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca \uff08\u6ce8\u3050\u3002 \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca ; SCN\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u3001dongible\u3001  \u5c71  \u30e2\u30f3\u30ae\u30d9\u30ed \uff09 – \u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u6771\u6d77\u5cb8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30c8\u30f4\u30eb\u30ab\u3002\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u6700\u9ad8\u304b\u3064\u6700\u5927\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u5186\u9310\u5f62\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || 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\u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u6700\u59271000\u301c1100 m A.S.L. [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u7d041000\u301c1100\u304b\u3089\u7d041400\u301c1450 m a.s.l. [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30be\u30fc\u30f31400\u301c1450\u301c\u7d042200\u301c2250 m a.s.l. [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] 2200\u301c2250 m A.S.L.\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u690d\u751f\u30be\u30fc\u30f3 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u54fa\u4e73\u985e [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u98f2\u3080 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u722c\u866b\u985e\u3068\u4e21\u751f\u985e [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u89b3\u5149 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u8fb2\u696d [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u8702\u8d77\u3068\u5efa\u8a2d [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u885b\u661f\u5199\u771f  \u6c88\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u5e2f\u306e\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u5f62\u6210 Stratowulkan\u306f\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u4e16\u5f8c\u671f\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b8c\u65b0\u4e16\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u3067\u6700\u3082\u53e4\u3044Strat\u00f3wolcan\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30e9\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u6c88\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u5e2f\u306e\u4e0a\u306e\u5730\u8cea\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u9818\u57df\u3068\u30013\u3064\u306e\u5730\u5143\u306e\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30c0\u30ea\u30fb\u30ae\u30a2\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30cb\u3001Comiso-Messina\u3001M\u3002Kumeta-Alcantar\u306e\u5468\u308a\u306e\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [6] [7] [8] [9] \u3002 \u706b\u5c71\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5674\u706b\u306f\u3001\u7384\u6b66\u5ca9\u306e\u5ca9\u306e1\u3064\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u304c\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f –  toleit\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u7d0450\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u306b\u6c34\u4e2d\u9699\u9593\u5674\u706b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u706b\u5c71\u304c\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u3001\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u5ca9\u306e\u3054\u304f\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059 [9] [\u5341] [11] \u3002 \u706b\u5c71\u306f\u897f\u8ef8\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5674\u706b\u3068\u526f\u9f3b\u8154\u3092\u51cd\u3063\u305f\u6eb6\u5ca9\u3067\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u5186\u9310\u306f\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u540d\u524d\u3067\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ca \uff08\u7d04168\u301c10\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff09\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u6570\u5e74\u9593\u897f\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f Trifoglietto i \u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f trifply ii \uff08\u7d0480\u301c64\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff09\u3002\u5d29\u58ca\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066 trifply ii \u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30e9\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f Valle del Bove [11] [\u5341] [12\u756a\u76ee] \u3002 \u706b\u5c71\u306f\u7d0434\u301c30,000\u4eba\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6570\u5e74\u524d\u3002\u30b3\u30fc\u30f3 \u6955\u5186\u5f62 \u5f37\u529b\u306a\u7206\u767a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7d0420\u301c15,000\u6570\u5e74\u524d\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e\u7d044 km\u306e\u76f4\u5f84\u306e\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30e9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f [13] \u3002\u3053\u306e\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30e9\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u30b3\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f \u30e2\u30f3\u30ae\u30d9\u30ed \u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u5cf6\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 [11] [\u5341] \u3002 \u706b\u5c71\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u30c8\u30e9\u30c1\u30a7\u30b9\u3068\u7384\u6b66\u5ca9\u3067\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 [14] \u3002 \u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5f62\u72b6 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] Etna\u306f\u3001135 km\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u5468\u56f2\u3067\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30821250km\u00b2\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u3092\u8986\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 Stratovulkan\u306f\u5317\u304b\u3089\u5357\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u300147 x 38 km\u306e\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 [15] \u3002\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30e9\u304c\u6771\u306e\u659c\u9762\u306b\u898b\u3048\u307e\u3059 Valle del Bove \u6025\u306a\u58c1\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6df1\u3055\u306f\u6700\u59271000 m\u3001\u5bf8\u6cd5\u306f\u6771\u306b\u958b\u304f\u99ac\u8e44\u5f62\u306e\u5f62\u306e\u7d045\u00d710 km [16] \u3002\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30e9\u306f\u3001\u7d0418 km\u306e\u5186\u5468\u306735km\u00b2\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u3092\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 [17] \u3002 \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u306f\u7d043340 m A.S.L\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \uff08\u5317\u6771\u306e\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u7d76\u3048\u305a\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u3067\u3059\u3002 1932\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u30012004\u5e74\u304b\u30893350 m\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u306f3263 m\u3067\u3057\u305f\u30021865\u5e74 – \u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u7d043390 m [18] [19] [20] \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306b\u306f4\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 [21] [22] \uff1a \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u53e3 \u3068 \u5272\u308c\u76ee \u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c1945\u5e74\u30681968\u5e74\u306b\u4e2d\u592e\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f 1911\u5e74\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u30a4\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\uff08\u3053\u3053\u306b\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff09 1971\u5e74\u306b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u30a4\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc Etna\u306e\u659c\u9762\u306b\u306f\u3001270\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6027\u306a\u5916\u5074\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306e\u659c\u9762\u3067\u6eb6\u5ca9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5bb6  \u30ab\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30b0\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u6eb6\u5ca9\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6700\u3082\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u706b\u5c71\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5730\u57df\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u65b0\u8208\u30ac\u30b9\u3068\u84b8\u6c17\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5674\u706b\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u5f3e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7070\u306b\u71b1\u7815\u5c51\u6750\u6599\u3092\u6295\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 [23] \u3002 \u706b\u5c71\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 [16] \uff1a 5 km\u304b\u308978\u4eba\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002 10 km\u304b\u30893291\u4eba\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002 30 km\u304b\u30891,016,540\u4eba\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002 100 km\u304b\u30893,052,770\u4eba\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002 \u706b\u5c71\u306e\u3075\u3082\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30c9\u30e9\u30ce\u3001\u30d9\u30eb\u30d1\u30c3\u30bd\u3001\u30d3\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30d3\u30e9\u3001\u30d6\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u3001\u30ab\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30ea\u30aa\u30fc\u30cd\u30c7\u30a3\u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u30b8\u30e3\u30a2\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\u30c3\u30b5\u3001\u30de\u30ec\u30c8\u3001\u30de\u30b9\u30ab\u30ea\u3001\u30df\u30ed\u3001\u30cb\u30b3\u30ed\u30b9\u3001\u30da\u30c0\u30e9\u3001\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30e2\u30f3\u30c6\u30a8\u30c8\u30cd\u30aa\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30ca\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30c3\u30c4\u30fc\u30f4\u30a3\u30aa\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30bf\u30f4\u30a3\u30aa\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30bf\u30f4\u30a3\u30aa\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30bf\u30f4\u30a3\u30aa\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30bf\u30f4\u30a3\u30aa\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30bf\u30f4\u30a3\u30aa\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30c3\u30c4\u30fc\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306f\u76f4\u63a5ea\u3002 2001\u5e74\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\u306f213,228\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30c9\u30e9\u30ce\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u5357\u5074\u3067\u6700\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306f34 490\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6700\u9ad8\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3059 [24] \u3002\u5674\u706b\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u306f\u3001\u7d00\u5143\u524d1500\u5e74\u9803\u304b\u3089\u6765\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u3001200\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u7206\u767a\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d00\u5143\u524d1500\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u5e741699\u5e74\u307e\u3067c -71\u5674\u706b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u306114\u306f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u8a95\u751f\u524d [19] \u3002\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u306e\u306f\u30011669\u5e743\u670811\u65e5\u304b\u30897\u670811\u65e5\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304f\u5674\u706b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u9593\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u306f\u5927\u91cf\u306e\u6eb6\u5ca9\u3092\u6295\u3052\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u7d0437km\u00b2\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u3092\u8986\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 [25] \uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u71b1\u529b\u6750\u6599\u3002 Lawa\u306f\u7d0416 km\u3092\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3057\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u6751\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u6d77\u3068\u30ab\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2\u306b\u5230\u7740\u3057\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u305d\u308c\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f [19] [7] \u3002\u3053\u306e\u5674\u706b\u306e\u9593\u3001\u6e9d\u3092\u6398\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u6eb6\u5ca9\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u8a66\u307f\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6700\u521d\u306e\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u3057\u305f [25] [7] \u3002 1579\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u5674\u706b [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] 1579\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5674\u706b\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f [16] [26] \uff1a 1400 p.n.e 695 p.n.e \u7d00\u5143\u524d479\u5e748\u6708 475 p.n.e 3\u6708 – \u7d00\u5143\u524d425\u5e744\u6708 396 P.N.E 140 p.n.e 135 p.n.e 122 P.N.E 49 P.N.E 44 P.N.E 36\u201335 p.n.e 32 P.N.E \u897f\u66a610\u301c20\u65e5 38\u201340 N.E \u897f\u66a6252\u5e742\u67081\u301c9\u65e5 1062\u20131064 N.E \u897f\u66a61169\u5e742\u67084\u65e5 1284\u20131285 N.E 7\u670828\u65e5 –  1329\u5e748\u6708\u897f\u5074 1381\u5e748\u67085\u301c6\u65e5 8-25 Listopada 1408 N.E 1444 N.E \u897f\u66a61446\u5e749\u670825\u65e5 1447\u5e749\u670821\u65e5CE 1493\u20131500 N.E 3\u670822\u65e5 –  1536\u5e744\u6708\u897f\u5074 5\u670810\u65e5 –  1537\u5e747\u6708\/8\u6708CE \u897f\u66a61566\u5e7411\u6708\/12\u6708 1579\u5e749\u6708CE 1603\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5674\u706b [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] 1603\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u5674\u706b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f [16] [27] [28] [29] \uff1a  LP \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf \u6eb6\u5ca9 \uff08\u30df\u30ea\u30aa\u30f3m\u00b3\uff09 [D] \u71b1\u529b\u6750\u6599  \uff08\u30df\u30ea\u30aa\u30f3m\u00b3\uff09 [D] \u521d\u3081 1603\u20131610 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 2 1607\u5e747\u670828\u65e5\u304b\u3089 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 3 2\u67086\u65e5 –  1610\u5e745\u67083\u65e5 30 3 4 5\u67083\u65e5 –  1610\u5e748\u670815\u65e5 90 0-1 5 1614\u301c1624\u5e747\u67081\u65e5 1000 2 6 1619 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 7 1634\u5e7412\u670818\u65e5 –  1636\u5e747\u6708 180 \u521d\u3081 8 1646\u5e7411\u670820\u65e5 –  1647\u5e741\u670817\u65e5 160 7 9 1651\u5e74\u304b\u30891653\u5e741\u670817\u65e5 500 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 \u5341 3\u670811\u65e5 –  1669\u5e747\u670811\u65e5 600 250 11 1682\u5e749\u6708 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 12\u756a\u76ee 14\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c91689 20 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 13 1693\u5e741\u67089\u65e5 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 14 3\u67088\u65e5 –  1702\u5e745\u67088\u65e5 30\u201340 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 15 1723\u20131724\u30011732\u20131765 90 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 16 10\u201315\u30de\u30fc\u30af1755 5 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 17 2\u67086\u65e5 –  1763\u5e743\u670815\u65e5 15 2 18 6\u670819\u65e5 –  1763\u5e749\u670810\u65e5 65 35 19 4\u670828\u65e5 –  1766\u5e7411\u67087\u65e5 125 2 20 18-31\u30cf\u30a6\u30b91780 25 \u521d\u3081 21 1787\u5e747\u670817\u301c19\u65e5 7 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 22 1792\u5e746\u670812\u65e5 –  1793\u5e745\u6708 90 \u521d\u3081 23 1798\u20131809 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 24 1802\u5e7411\u670815\u301c16\u65e5 5 \u521d\u3081 25 3\u670827\u65e5 –  1809\u5e744\u67089\u65e5 35 2 26 1811\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5 –  1812\u5e744\u670824\u65e5 45 4 27 5\u670827\u65e5 –  1819\u5e748\u67081\u65e5 50 4 28 1827\u20131833 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 29 1832\u5e7411\u67081\u301c22\u65e5 50 3 30 1838\u20131839\u30011842 20 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 \u6700\u521d\u306b30 1843\u5e7411\u670817\u301c28\u65e5 55 3 32 1852\u5e748\u670820\u65e5 –  1853\u5e745\u670827\u65e5 125 12\u756a\u76ee 33 1863\u5e747\u6708 \u521d\u3081 \u521d\u3081 34 1\u670830\u65e5 –  1865\u5e746\u670828\u65e5 90 4 35 11\u670827\u65e5 –  1868\u5e7412\u67088\u65e5 0 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 36 1874\u5e748\u670829\u65e5 2 \u521d\u3081 37 1879\u5e74\u306e26-27\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9 2 0\u20131 38 5\u670826\u65e5 –  1879\u5e746\u67086\u65e5 23 20 39 22\u201324\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c91883 0\u20131 0\u20131 40 5\u670818\u65e5 –  1886\u5e746\u67087\u65e5 50 \u5341 41 7\u67089\u65e5 –  1892\u5e7412\u670829\u65e5 135 8 42 1893\u20131907 0\u20131 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 43 29\u30014\u670830\u65e5 –  1908\u5e747\u6708 2 0\u20131 44 3\u670823\u65e5 –  1910\u5e744\u670818\u65e5 51 0\u20131 45 1910\u5e7412\u670827\u65e5 –  1911\u5e742\u670817\u65e5 0\u20131 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 46 1911\u5e749\u670810\u301c21\u65e5 41 \u521d\u3081 47 1912\u20131923 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 48 1918\u5e7411\u670829\u65e5 5 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 49 6\u670817\u65e5 –  1923\u5e747\u670818\u65e5 63 0\u20131 50 1928\u5e7411\u67082\u301c20\u65e5 33 \u521d\u3081 51 1923\u20131942 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 52 1942\u5e746\u670830\u65e5 3 0\u20131 53 1\u670824\u65e5 –  1947\u5e743\u670810\u65e5 \u5341 0-1 54 1949\u5e7412\u67081\u301c3\u65e5 5 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 55 1950\u5e7411\u670825\u65e5 –  1951\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5 137 \u521d\u3081 56 1955\u5e746\u670829\u65e5 –  1964\u5e742\u6708 250 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 57 1966\u5e741\u670810\u65e5 –  1971\u5e743\u6708 \u5341 20 58 4\u67085\u65e5 –  1971\u5e746\u670812\u65e5 43 2 59 1\u670830\u65e5 –  2\u670817\u65e5\u30011974\u5e743\u670811\u301c29\u65e5 4 2 60 1974\u5e749\u670828\u65e5 –  1977\u5e741\u67088\u65e5 70 0\u20131 \u516d\u5341\u4e00 1977\u5e746\u670816\u65e5 –  1978\u5e743\u670828\u65e5 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 62 4\u670829\u65e5 –  7\u67085\u65e5\u30018\u670823\u301c29\u65e5\u30011978\u5e7411\u670823\u301c29\u65e5 30 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 63 1979\u5e748\u67083\u301c9\u65e5 \u5341 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 \u516d\u5341\u56db 1980\u5e749\u67081\u65e5 –  5\u65e5\u30011980\u5e742\u67087\u65e5 13 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 65 17\u201322\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c91981 18 \u521d\u3081 66 3\u670828\u65e5 –  1983\u5e748\u67086\u65e5 79 0\u20131 \u516d\u5341\u4e03 4\u670829\u65e5 –  1984\u5e7410\u670816\u65e5 15 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 68 3\u670810\u65e5 –  1985\u5e746\u670813\u65e5 25 0\u20131 69 1985\u5e7412\u670825\u301c31\u65e5 0\u20132 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 70 1986\u5e749\u670814\u301c24\u65e5 0\u20131 \u521d\u3081 71 1986\u5e7410\u670830\u65e5 –  1987\u5e742\u670825\u65e5 71 2 72 9\u670827\u65e5 –  1986\u5e7410\u67089\u65e5 43 0\u20131 \u4e03\u5341\u4e09 1\u67084,11,14; 1990\u5e742\u67081\u65e5 2 2 74 1991\u5e7412\u670814\u65e5 –  1993\u5e743\u670831\u65e5 231 0\u20131 75 1995\u20131999 7 \u5341 76 2\u67084\u65e5 –  1999\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5 32 0\u20131 77 1999\u5e749\u67084\u65e5 0\u20131 3 78 1999\u5e7410\u670817\u301c31\u65e5 17 -\u521d\u3081 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3057 79 2000\u20132001 46 12\u756a\u76ee 80 6\u670817\u65e5 –  8\u67089\u65e5 25 5 81 10\u670827\u65e5 –  2003\u5e741\u670828\u65e5 40 30 82 3\u67088\u65e5 –  2003\u5e7411\u67089\u65e5   83 2004\u5e742\u670812\u301c14\u65e5   84 2004\u5e749\u67087\u65e5 –  2005\u5e743\u67088\u65e5   85 2005\u5e7412\u670816\u301c22\u65e5   \u516b\u5341\u516d 7\u670814\u65e5 –  2006\u5e7412\u670815\u65e5 45  \u516b\u5341\u4e03 19 Marca 2007 -Maj 2008 45  88 2008\u5e745\u670813\u65e5 –  2009\u5e747\u67084\u65e5   89 2010\u5e744\u67088\u65e5   90 2010\u5e748\u670825\u65e5 –  2013\u5e744\u670827\u65e5   91 2013\u5e749\u67083\u65e5   1987\u5e743\u670817\u65e5\u3001\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5730\u57df\u516c\u5712\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u706b\u5c71\u3092\u8986\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u516c\u5712\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u666f\u89b3\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u516c\u5712\u306e\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2\u306f580km\u00b2\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30c9\u30e9\u30ce\u3001\u30d9\u30eb\u30d1\u30c3\u30bd\u3001\u30d3\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30d3\u30e9\u3001\u30d6\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u3001\u30ab\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30ea\u30aa\u30fc\u30cd\u30c7\u30a3\u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u3001\u30de\u30ec\u30c8\u3001\u30de\u30b9\u30ab\u30ea\u3001\u30df\u30ed\u3001\u30df\u30ed\u3001\u30cb\u30b3\u30ed\u30b9\u3001\u30da\u30c0\u30e9\u3001\u30d1\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c6\u30a8\u30bf\u30ca\u3001\u30e9\u30e9\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30ca\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30bf\u30ca\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30bf\u30ca\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30ca\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30ca\u3001\u30e9\u30b0\u30ca\u30aa\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30ac\u30ca\u30a4\u3001\u30de\u30e9\u30c3\u30fc\u30fcea [30] \u3002  \u516c\u5712\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u6eb6\u5ca9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f200\u8fd1\u3044\u6d1e\u7a9f\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30bf\u30fc\u3001\u57cb\u846c\u5834\u6240\u3001\u96ea\u306e\u8caf\u8535\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f [\u6700\u521d\u306b30] \u3002 2013\u5e74\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u306f\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u907a\u7523\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u523b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f [32] \u3002 \u516c\u5712\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u690d\u7269\u7a2e\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\u306f\u7d04430\u4eba\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u306135\u7a2e\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u7a2e\u306f\u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u3068\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306f12\u3067\u3059 [33] \u3002\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u5468\u308a\u306e\u690d\u751f\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u9ad8\u3055\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 4\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 [\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059] \uff1a 1000-1100 m A.S.L.\u3092\u4e0b\u56de\u308b\u690d\u751f\u30be\u30fc\u30f3 \u7d041000\u301c1100\u304b\u3089\u7d041400\u301c1450 m A.S.L. \u7d041400\u301c1450\u304b\u3089\u7d042200\u301c2250 m A.S.L. \u690d\u751f\u30be\u30fc\u30f32200\u301c2250 m A.S.L.\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u6700\u9ad8\u5ef6\u9577 \u6700\u59271000\u301c1100 m A.S.L. [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5730\u57df\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u690d\u751f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u67d1\u6a58\u985e\u3001\u30aa\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u3001\u30d4\u30b9\u30bf\u30c1\u30aa\u3001\u679c\u6a39\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 [34] [14] \u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u51fa\u304f\u308f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 Euphorbia dendroides \u30aa\u30aa\u30ab\u30df\u306e\u5bb6\u65cf\u304b\u3089\u3001 Genista aetnensis Janowc\u00f3w\u3001\u30b9\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30aa\u30fc\u30af\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\u304b\u3089 Celtis Tournefortii \u976d\u5e2f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30bf\u30fc\u30da\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30d4\u30b9\u30bf\u30c1\u30aa\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30d6\u30eb\u30b4\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30af [34] \u3002 \u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u7d041000\u301c1100\u304b\u3089\u7d041400\u301c1450 m a.s.l. [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306e\u659c\u9762\u306b\u9ed2\u3044\u677e \u3053\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u30d9\u30eb\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u690d\u7269\u7a2e\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff1a\u98a8\u571f\u75c5 Betula aetnensis \uff08\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\uff09\u3001\u9ed2\u3044\u677e\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u30d3\u30fc\u30c1\u3001\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30f3\u30dd\u30d7\u30e9\u3001\u30c0\u30a4\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30c1\u30a7\u30b9\u30ca\u30c3\u30c8\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u53e4\u3044\u6eb6\u5ca9\u57fa\u677f\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30b9\u30d1\u30a4\u30b7\u30fc\u306a\u30aa\u30fc\u30af [35] [36] \u3002\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u690d\u7269\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u6771\u90e8\u306e\u30aa\u30df\u30a8\u30b0\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u30af\u30ea\u30ce\u30dd\u30b8\u30a6\u30e0\u307e\u305f\u306f \u30c0\u30d5\u30cd\u30fb\u30e9\u30a6\u30ec\u30aa\u30e9 Wawrzynek\u5c5e\u306e [36] \u3002 \u30be\u30fc\u30f31400\u301c1450\u301c\u7d042200\u301c2250 m a.s.l. [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u3053\u306e\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30fc\u30c1\u30d5\u30a9\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30d9\u30eb\u30c8\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d3\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u68ee\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u5317\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5317\u6771\u306e\u659c\u9762\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6728\u306f2400 m\u3067\u3082\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u3068\u7def\u5ea6\u3067\u306e\u30d6\u30ca\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u3059 [37] \u3002\u30d3\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u9ed2\u3044\u677e\u3084\u767d\u8302\u306b\u51fa\u304f\u308f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u690d\u7269\u304b\u3089 Berberis aetnensis \u5c5eBarberry\u3001Ja\u0142owiecCommon\u3001Sicilian Soap\u307e\u305f\u306fSorrel\u306e\u5c5e Rumex aetnensis [37] [38] \u3002 2200\u301c2250 m A.S.L.\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u690d\u751f\u30be\u30fc\u30f3 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u306b\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u9ad8\u5c64\u306e\u8349\u539f\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u51cd\u7d50\u6eb6\u5ca9\u3068SO -Called\u304c\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b3000 m\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u706b\u5c71\u7802\u6f20 [37] [14] \u3002 \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e0d\u5229\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u98a8\u571f\u75c5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u690d\u7269\u306e\u7a2e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 Astracantha Sicula \u3002\u5ca9\u306e\u4e0a\u3067\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u51fa\u304f\u308f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 Berberis aetnensis \u3002\u52a0\u3048\u3066 Genista aetnensis \u3001 Adenocarpus bivonii \u3001\u30d0\u30eb\u30af\u30d1\u30f3\u30ad\u30eb\u307e\u305f\u306f \u30eb\u30d3\u30a2aetnicum \u304b\u308f\u3044\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e [39] [40] \u3002\u7d042450 m\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u690d\u751f\u306f\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea62900\u301c2950 m\u3067 \u30dd\u30c1\u30e7\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30ed\u30d9\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2 \u5c5e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u98a8\u571f\u75c5\u306e anthemis aetnensis \uff08rumian\uff09\u3001 Senecio aetnensis \u3001 Rumex aetnensis \u3001 Floraetium aetneum [39] \u3002 \u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e0b\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u500b\u3005\u306e\u30d3\u30fc\u30c1\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 [41] \u3002 \u5e83\u3044\u9818\u57df\u3001\u9ad8\u3055\u3001\u5730\u57df\u306e\u5206\u5316\uff08\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u6cbc\u5730\u3001\u7267\u8349\u5730\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5ca9\u306e\u68da\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5730\u57df\u306b\u751f\u606f\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u3001\u9ce5\u3001\u722c\u866b\u985e\u3001\u4e21\u751f\u985e\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7a2e\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 [42] \u3002 \u54fa\u4e73\u985e [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]  \u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30fb\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30c8\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30bf\u30c1\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306eco\u75c5\u8005\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u30de\u30fc\u30c6\u30f3\u3001\u30b0\u30ec\u30a4\u30b0\u30ec\u30fc\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30c9\u30cb\u30ab\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30cf\u30ea\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u3001\u30a2\u30da\u30cb\u30f3\u30e2\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u897f\u90e8\u30d8\u30c3\u30b8\u30db\u30c3\u30b0\u3001\u897f\u30d8\u30c3\u30b8\u30db\u30c3\u30b0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7a2e\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u30a6\u30b5\u30ae\u30b3\u30eb\u30b7\u30ab\u30ca\u30b9 \u5bb6\u65cf\u304b\u3089 \u3046\u3055\u304e \u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30a6\u30b5\u30ae\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u30018\u7a2e\u306e\u30b3\u30a6\u30e2\u30ea [42] \u3001\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff1aBorowiec Wielki\u3001Duke\u3001Brown\u307e\u305f\u306f miniopterus writeii [43] \u3002 \u98f2\u3080 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5de3\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9ce5\u306e\u534a\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u706b\u5c71\u5730\u57df\u306b\u5de3\u3092\u4f5c\u308b [43] \u3001 \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7a2e\uff1aPleomyk\u00f3wka\u666e\u901a\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u30e4\u30ae\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u30d2\u30b9\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u584a\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u304f\u307c\u307f\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u7dbf\u6bdb\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u7dbf\u6bdb\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u30d0\u30b6\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u30b9\u30ba\u30e1\u3001\u524deagle\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u3001\u677e\u3001\u677e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7a2e [43] \u3002 \u722c\u866b\u985e\u3068\u4e21\u751f\u985e [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] \u722c\u866b\u985e\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30b7\u30e5\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u306e\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u30c8\u30eb\u30b3\u30e4\u30ae\u3001\u30e1\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3\u30b8\u30a7\u30c3\u30b3\u3001\u8349\u98df\u3001\u6012\u308a\u3001\u6591\u70b9\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6012\u308a\u3001\u30b5\u30e9\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e9c\u7a2e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7a2e\u306a\u3069 Salamandra Salamandra gigliolii \u3001\u7070\u8272\u306e\u30d2\u30ad\u30ac\u30a8\u30eb\u3001\u7dd1\u306e\u30d2\u30ad\u30ac\u30a8\u30eb\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f Discoglossus\u306e\u5199\u771f \u7a2e\u985e\u306e discoglossus [43] \u3002 \u89b3\u5149 [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ]  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306e\u659c\u9762\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u659c\u9762 \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u306f\u3001\u30b7\u30c1\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u89b3\u5149\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u3088\u308a\u3082\u30ab\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u51ac\u306b\u306f\u3001\u96ea\u306b\u8986\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u3068\u659c\u9762\u304c\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30e4\u30fc\u306b\u60f9\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5317\u306e\u659c\u9762\u306b\u6a2a\u305f\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30ea\u30be\u30fc\u30c8\u306e1\u3064\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30f3\u30ac\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u306e5\u3064\u306e\u30ea\u30d5\u30c8\u30684\u3064\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305f\u30d4\u30a2\u30ce\u30d7\u30ed\u30d9\u30f3\u30b6\u30ca\u3067\u3059\u3002 [44] [45] \u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6b69\u884c\u8005\u3001\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u3001\u99ac\u306e\u65c5\u884c\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u304c\u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306e\u6570\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059 [46] \u3002 2001\u5e74\u304b\u30892007\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5730\u57df\u516c\u5712\u306e\u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u30012007\u5e74\u30682010\u5e74\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3001\u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306e\u6570\u304c77\uff05\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u300111\uff05\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 2010\u5e74\u306e\u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306e\u6570\u306f79,000\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306e\u6570\u306f255,000\u65e5\u9593\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff08\u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306e64\uff05\u304c3\u3064\u661f\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f [47] \u3002\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5e74\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u4ee5\u4e0b [48] \uff1a  2001\u5e74 2002\u5e74 2003\u5e74 2004\u5e74 2005\u5e74 2006\u5e74 2007\u5e74 2008\u5e74 2009\u5e74 2010\u5e74 \u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306e\u6570  70 036 72 639 84 130 102 588 109 009 116 583 113 109 92 467 83 351 79 178 \u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306e\u65e5  196 266 199 838 252 492 288 234 320 921 337 559 347 350 317 860 280 562 255 471 \u8fb2\u696d [ \u7de8\u96c6 | \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059 ] 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I Inni\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 26\u3002  \u2191  Woodhouse\u306eEnglish-Greek Dictionary\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u753b\u50cf \u3002 artflx.uchicago.edu\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002 [\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6 \u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 \uff082014-08-24\uff09]\u3002  \u2191  \u706b\u5c71 – \u305d\u306e\u65e5\u306e\u30dd\u30c7\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5178\u66f8 \u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002 \uff08 \u3002 \uff09\uff09 \u3002  \u2191 a b   Lopes 2005\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 211\u2013212\u3002  \u2191  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\uff08\u30e2\u30f3\u30ae\u30d9\u30ed\uff09\uff1a\u767b\u5c71\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u767b\u5c71\uff1asummitpost \u3002 summitpost.org\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-22]\u3002  \u2191  \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u706b\u5c71\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\uff1aEtna  – \u80cc\u666f \u3002 Volcano.si.edu\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002  \u2191 a b c  \u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u706b\u5c71\u30de\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a\u5730\u56f3\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u5674\u706b\u306e\u5199\u771f \u3002 Geology.com\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002  \u2191  Sicily-Malta Excarpment\u3001\u6d77\u5e95\u6a5f\u80fd – \u5730\u7406\u7684\u540d\u3001\u5730\u56f3\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5ea7\u6a19 \u3002 Geographic.org\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-22]\u3002  \u2191 a b  fxgraphica.com\uff1a \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5c71\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u9032\u5316\uff1a\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001tholeiitic\u6642\u4ee3 \u3002\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u30ce\u30fc\u30c9\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-22]\u3002 \u8457\u8005\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff1a1\u3002  \u2191 a b c  \u30ab\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9 \u3002 Messinacty.com\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-09-02]\u3002 \uff08 w\u0142\u3002 \uff09\uff09 \u3002  \u2191 a b c   Lopes 2005\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 212\u3002  \u2191  fxgraphica.com\uff1a \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5c71\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u306e\u9032\u5316\uff1a\u6210\u9577\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u671f \u3002\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u30ce\u30fc\u30c9\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-09-02]\u3002 \u8457\u8005\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff1a1\u3002  \u2191  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5c71\u306e\u5730\u8cea\u5b66\u7684\u6b74\u53f2 – \u706b\u5c71\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0 \u3002 srv1.rm.ingv.it. [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-09-02]\u3002 [\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6 \u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 \uff082015-09-07\uff09]\u3002  \u2191 a b c  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca \u3001 [\u306e\uff1a] PWN\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178 [\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3] [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]  \u3002  \u2191   Puglisi A. I Inni\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 27\u3002  \u2191 a b c d  \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u706b\u5c71\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\uff1aETNA  – \u8ffd\u52a0\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf \u3002 Volcano.si.edu\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002  \u2191  L’ETNA-\u30dc\u30fc\u30d6\u6e13\u8c37 \u3002 catanaperte.com\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-09-02]\u3002  \u2191  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5c71 \u3001 [\u306e\uff1a] \u30d6\u30ea\u30bf\u30cb\u30ab\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178 [\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3] [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]   \uff08 \u3002 \uff09\uff09 \u3002  \u2191 a b c  \u30ec\u30ca\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\uff1a \u9678\u751f\u706b\u5c71\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca \u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002 \uff08 w\u0142\u3002 \uff09\uff09 \u3002  \u2191   Puglisi A. I Inni\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 29\u3002  \u2191  Boris Behncke\uff1a \u30ab\u30bf\u30fc\u30cb\u30a2\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 \u3002 ingv\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002 [\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6 \u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 \uff082015-07-05\uff09]\u3002  \u2191   Lopes 2005\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 219\u3002  \u2191  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca \u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002 \uff08 pol\u3002 \uff09\uff09 \u3002  \u2191  \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u706b\u5c71\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\uff1aETNA  – \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u5831 \u3002 Volcano.si.edu\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-07-16]\u3002  \u2191 a b   Lopes 2005\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 213\u3002  \u2191   Tanguy J. I ini\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 4\u3002  \u2191  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u706b\u5c71\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u5674\u706b\u306e\u66f4\u65b0 \/ 2015\u5e7411\u67083\u65e5 –  12\u670812\u65e5 \u3001volcanodiscovery.com [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-12-20]  \u3002  \u2191   Tanguy J. I ini\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 6\u20138\u3002  \u2191   Puglisi A. I Inni\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 44\u3002  \u2191  Parco Dell’etna\uff1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u5730\u57df \u3002 parks.it\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-09-02]\u3002  \u2191  \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u30d1\u30fc\u30af\uff1a\u8208\u5473\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8 \u3002 parks.it\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-09-02]\u3002  \u2191  \u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\uff1a \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5c71 \u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92017-09-03]\u3002 \uff08 \u3002 \uff09\uff09 \u3002  \u2191   Puglisi A. I Inni\u2193 \u3001s\u3002 22\u9644\u5c5e\u66f88\u3002  \u2191 a b  fxgraphica.com\uff1a \u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u5c71\u306e\u690d\u7269\u76f8\u3001\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5e73\u91ce\u306e\u4f4e\u3044 \u3002\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30a8\u30c8\u30ca\u30ce\u30fc\u30c9\u3002 [\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b92015-09-02]\u3002 \u8457\u8005\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff1a1\u3002  \u2191   Puglisi A. 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