[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/antarctic-silverfish-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/antarctic-silverfish-wikipedia\/","headline":"Antarctic silverfish – Wikipedia","name":"Antarctic silverfish – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Species of fish The Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica), or Antarctic herring, is a","datePublished":"2018-03-16","dateModified":"2018-03-16","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd810e53c1408c38cc766bc14e7ce26a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd810e53c1408c38cc766bc14e7ce26a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/antarctic-silverfish-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2764,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Species of fishThe Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica), or Antarctic herring, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean and the only truly pelagic fish in the waters near Antarctica.[2] It is a keystone species in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean.[3]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4While widely distributed around the Antarctic, the species appears to have largely disappeared from the western side of the northern Antarctic Peninsula, based on a 2010 research cruise funded by the National Science Foundation under the US Antarctic Program.[4]Table of ContentsTaxonomy[edit]Description[edit]Ecology[edit]References[edit]Taxonomy[edit]The Antarctic silverfish was first formally described in 1902 by the Belgian-born British zoologist George Albert Boulenger with the type locality given as Victoria Land in Antarctica.[5] It is the only species in the monotypic genus Pleuagramma which was also described by Boulenger.[6] Some authorities place this taxon in the subfamily Pleuragrammatinae,[7] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not include subfamilies in the Nototheniidae.[8] The genus name is a compound of pleuro meaning “side” with a which means “without” and gramma meaning “line”, an allusion to the absence of a lateral line.[9]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Description[edit]Antarctic silverfish usually grow to about 15\u00a0cm (5.9\u00a0in) in length, with a maximum of 25\u00a0cm (9.8\u00a0in). The maximum reported weight of this species is 200 g. Antarctic silverfish have a maximum reported age of 20 years. When alive, they are pink with a silver tint, but turn silver only after death. All the fins are pale. The dorsal side is slightly darker.[2] This Antarctic marine fish is one of several in the region that produce antifreeze glycopeptides as an adaptation against the extreme cold of Antarctic waters.[10]Ecology[edit]The postlarvae, 8\u201317\u00a0mm (0.31\u20130.67\u00a0in) in size, feed on eggs of calanoids (Calanoida), sea snails Limacina and tintinnids (Tintinnida).[11] The postlarvae live at depths of up to 135 metres (443\u00a0ft).[2] Juveniles feed on copepods (Copepoda), mostly on Oncaea curvata and can be found at depths of 50\u00a0to 400\u00a0m (160\u20131,310\u00a0ft),[11][2] while adults can be found at depths 0\u2013728\u00a0m (0\u20132,388\u00a0ft).[2] As their size increases, so does the size of their prey items. Mature females may spawn for the first time at 7\u20139 years of age.[2]Antarctic silverfish are the most abundant pelagic fish species in the High Antarctic shelf waters of the Southern Ocean[12] and are important high-caloric prey species for high-trophic animals such as Adelie penguins, marine flying birds and Weddell seals.[13]References[edit]^ Gon, O.; Vacchi, M. (2010). “Pleuragramma antarctica“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T154785A4633007. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T154785A4633007.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). “Pleuragramma antarctica“ in FishBase. February 2009 version.^ Bottaro M., Oliveri D., Ghigliotti L., Pisano E., Ferrando S. & Vacchi M. (2009). “Born among the ice: first morphological observations on two developmental stages of the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum, a key species of the Southern Ocean”. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 19(2); 249-259. doi:10.1007\/s11160-009-9106-5.^ “Climate change may be to blame for disappearance of Antarctic silverfish”. The Antarctic Sun.^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). “Species in the genus Pleuragramma“. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 September 2021.^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). “Genera in the family Nototheniidae”. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 September 2021.^ H.H. Dewitt; P.C. Heemstra; and O. Gon (1990). “Nototheniidae Notothens”.  In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN\u00a09780868102115.^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th\u00a0ed.). Wiley. p.\u00a0465. ISBN\u00a0978-1-118-34233-6.^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). “Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae”. The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 18 September 2021.^ A. P. Wohrmann (1995). “Antifreeze glycopeptides in the high-Antarctic Silverfish Pleurogramma antarcticum (Notothenioidei)”. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 111 (1): 121\u20139. doi:10.1016\/0742-8413(95)00007-T. PMID\u00a07656179.^ a b Granata, A.; Zagami, G.; Vacchi, M.; Guglielmo, L. (2009). “Summer and spring trophic niche of larval and juvenile Pleuragramma antarcticum in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica”. Polar Biology. 32 (3): 369\u2013382. doi:10.1007\/s00300-008-0551-8. S2CID\u00a08212285.^ Carlig, E., Di Blasi, D., Ghigliotti, L. et al. Diversified feeding strategies of Pleuragramma antarctica (Nototheniidae) in the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol 42, 2045\u20132054 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-019-02579-0^ Cecilia O’Leary (2016). “The many faced monster of a rapidly changing Antarctic ecosystem and its influence on Antarctic silverfish”. Habiata Section. American Fisheries Society.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/antarctic-silverfish-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Antarctic silverfish – Wikipedia"}}]}]