[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/islam-in-iceland-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/islam-in-iceland-wikipedia\/","headline":"Islam in Iceland – Wikipedia","name":"Islam in Iceland – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Religion in Iceland Muslim culture Centre of Iceland is located at second floor in a house called \u00ddmish\u00fasi\u00f0 in","datePublished":"2019-09-10","dateModified":"2019-09-10","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd810e53c1408c38cc766bc14e7ce26a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd810e53c1408c38cc766bc14e7ce26a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/Islam_in_Europe-2010.svg\/280px-Islam_in_Europe-2010.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/Islam_in_Europe-2010.svg\/280px-Islam_in_Europe-2010.svg.png","height":"243","width":"280"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/islam-in-iceland-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5457,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Religion in Iceland    Muslim culture Centre of Iceland is located at second floor in a house called \u00ddmish\u00fasi\u00f0 in Reykjav\u00edk.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Islam in Iceland is a minority religion. The Pew Research Center estimated that the number of Muslims in Iceland was below its 10,000 minimum threshold,[clarification needed] and official statistics put the figure at under 1,300, or 0.33% out of the total population of 385,230.[2][3]In 2011, Icelandic Muslims attracted the interest of Al Jazeera; the channel planned a documentary dealing with Muslims in Iceland and New Zealand. Al Jazeera was interested in how Ramadan is honored in the higher latitudes where the night can be of unusual length when compared to the majority-Muslim lands.[4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Demographics[edit]Organisations[edit]Muslim Association of Iceland[edit]Islamic Cultural Centre of Iceland[edit]Discrimination[edit]Religious organisation affiliation[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]The earliest mention of Iceland in Muslim sources originates in the works of Muhammad al-Idrisi (1099\u20131165\/66) in his famous Tabula Rogeriana, which mentions Iceland’s location in the North Sea.[citation needed]The long-distance trading and raiding networks of the Vikings will have meant that various Icelanders, like the Norwegians R\u00f6gnvald Kali Kolsson or Harald Hardrada, came into direct contact with the Muslim world during the Middle Ages;[5] indirect connections are best attested by finds of Arabic coins in Iceland, as also widely in the Viking world.[6]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Following Iceland’s conversion to Christianity around 1000, some Icelanders encountered the Islamic world through pilgrimage, for example to Jerusalem, of the kind described by Abbot Nikul\u00e1s Bergsson in his Lei\u00f0arv\u00edsir og borgarskipan.[citation needed]From around the late thirteenth century, a fantastical version of the Islamic world is prominent in medieval Icelandic romance, partly inspired by Continental narratives influenced by the Crusades. Although this image generally characterises the Islamic world as ‘heathen’, and repeats the misconceptions of Islam widespread in the medieval West,[7] it also varies substantially from text to text, sometimes, for example, associating the Islamic world with great wealth, wisdom, or chivalry.[8] Romance continued to serve as a medium for Icelanders to contemplate Islam in the post-medieval period, for example in J\u00f3n Oddsson Hjaltal\u00edn’s eighteenth-century romance Fimmbr\u00e6\u00f0ra saga, which combined traditional storytelling with Continental Enlightenment scholarship.Perhaps the earliest known example of Muslims coming to Iceland occurred in 1627, when the Dutch Muslim Jan Janszoon and his Barbary pirates raided portions of Iceland, including the southwest coast, Vestmannaeyjar, and the eastern fjords.[9] This event is known in Icelandic history as the Tyrkjar\u00e1ni\u00f0 (the “Turkish Abductions”). An estimated 400-800 Icelanders were sold into slavery.Islam started to gain presence in Icelandic culture around the 1970s, partly through immigration from the Islamic world (for example Salmann Tamimi) and partly through Icelanders’ exposure to Islamic culture while travelling (for example Ibrahim Sverrir Agnarsson). Some of the immigrants simply came of their own accord; others came as refugees, including groups from Kosovo.[10] The Quran was first translated into Icelandic in 1993, with a corrected edition in 2003.[11]Demographics[edit]  Members of Muslim Associations in Iceland as a function of timeSalmann Tamimi estimates that when he came to Iceland in 1971 there were perhaps seven Muslims living there.[12] As of 2013, however,“Muslim Association of Iceland” (F\u00e9lag m\u00faslima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi) has 465 members.“The Islamic Cultural Centre of Iceland” (Menningarsetur m\u00faslima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi) has 305 members.[13]The first generation of Muslims born in Iceland probably began with people like Salmann’s own children, such as Yousef Ingi Tamimi (b. 1988).[14] Iceland’s Muslim population is of diverse origins, including people born in the Arab world, Albania, Africa, and Iceland.[15]Organisations[edit]Muslim Association of Iceland[edit]The Muslim Association of Iceland (F\u00e9lag m\u00faslima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi) was founded in 1997 by Salmann Tamimi, a Palestinian immigrant; it was officially recognised on February 25.[16] Since 2010 the chair has been Ibrahim Sverrir Agnarsson.[17] As of 2014, the association has 465 members. More than half were born in Iceland; perhaps 40-50 were born to non-Muslim parents.[17]The Muslim Association of Iceland currently runs the Reykjav\u00edk Mosque, a Sunni mosque on the third floor of an office building in \u00c1rm\u00fali 38, Reykjav\u00edk.[13] It has two imams and offers daily and nightly prayers attended by a mix of local Icelanders and visiting Muslims. It also offers weekly Friday prayers for Jumu’ah. In 2000 the Muslim Association applied to purpose-build a mosque in Reykjav\u00edk; after a long process, permission for building was granted on July 6, 2013.[18]Prayers are said in Arabic, but English and Icelandic are also widely used due to the diverse nature of the congregation. The Association regularly runs courses in both Arabic and Icelandic. On Saturdays there are Quran lessons for kids of different ages.[15]Islamic Cultural Centre of Iceland[edit]The Islamic Culture Centre of Iceland (Menningarsetur m\u00faslima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi) was founded in 2008 by Karim Askari, originally from Morocco, and as of 2014 has 305 members.[17] The Centre hired Ahmad Seddeeq, originally from Egypt, as Imam in 2011.[19]The Islamic Cultural Centre of Iceland runs a mosque in \u00ddmish\u00fasi\u00f0 on Sk\u00f3garhl\u00ed\u00f0 in Reykjav\u00edk.[20]Discrimination[edit]One of the main researchers on Icelandic attitudes to racial and religious groups, Krist\u00edn Loftsd\u00f3ttir, has found that many Icelanders exhibit anti-immigrant discourses linked with Islamophobia in ways parallel those in other European countries, despite Iceland having an often completely different history of contact with Islamic cultures.[21] Many public expressions of Islamophobia have in the second decade of the twenty-first century been focused on opposition to the creation of a purpose-built Reykjav\u00edk mosque. Opposition to Islam is often presented in terms of support for gender equality, a discourse which in Krist\u00edn’s assessment is ‘used as a way to dwell on the criticism of Muslims in general, and to the glory of European societies’.[22]\u00d3ttar M. Nor\u00f0fj\u00f6r\u00f0’s 2010 novel \u00d6rvitinn e\u00f0a; Hugsj\u00f3nama\u00f0urinn satirises Islamophobic attitudes.[23]Many Muslims in Iceland prefer not to join a formal organisation, considering their relationship with God a personal one.[12]Religious organisation affiliation[edit]Muslim Association of Iceland (1 January)[24]YearPopulationMuslim Association%\u00b11998272,381780.030.00 1999275,712890.030.00 2000279,0491340.050.02 2001283,3611650.060.01 2002286,5751790.060.00 2003288,4712290.080.02 2004290,5702920.100.02 2005293,5773180.110.01 2006299,8913400.110.00 2007307,6723520.110.00 2008315,4593730.120.01 2009319,3684040.130.01 2010317,6303730.120.01 2011318,4523700.120.00 2012319,5754190.130.01 2013321,8574650.140.01 2014325,6714810.150.01 2015329,1004860.150.00 See also[edit]References[edit]^ “Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050”. Pew Research Center. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2017.^ “Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050”. Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2017-04-20.^ “Populations by religious and life stance organizations 1998-2018”. PX-Web. Archived from the original on 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2019-01-15.^ “Al Jazeera Shoots Documentary on Icelandic Muslims”. Iceland Review. 17 Aug 2011. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2011.^ Neil Price, ‘The Vikings in Spain, North Africa and the Mediterranean’, in The Viking World, ed. by Stefan Brink and Neil Price (Abingdon: Routledge, 2008), pp. 462–69.^ E.g. the hoard found at the farm Keta in Skefilssta\u00f0hreppur: Fedir Androshchuk andRagnhei\u00f0ur Traustad\u00f3ttir, ‘A Viking Age Spearhead from Kolku\u00f3s’, H\u00f3laranns\u00f3knin Framvindusk\u00fdrsla 6 (2004), https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/Documents\/in\/Viking_Age_Spearheads.^ Martin, John Stanley, ‘Attitudes to Islam from the Chansons de geste to the Riddaras\u00f6gur‘, Parergon, n. s. 8.2 (1990), 81-95. doi:10.1353\/pgn.1990.0001^ Sverrir Jakobsson, Vi\u00f0 og ver\u00f6ldin: Heimsmynd \u00cdslendinga 1100-1400 (Reykjav\u00edk: H\u00e1sk\u00f3la\u00fatg\u00e1fan, 2005), pp. 130-60. Cf. Sheryl Elizabeth McDonald Werronen, ‘Transforming Popular Romance on the Edge of the World: N\u00edt\u00ed\u00f0a saga in Late Medieval and Early Modern Iceland’ (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds, 2013), pp. 150–56; Bj\u00f8rn Bandlien, ‘Muslims in Karlamagn\u00fass saga and El\u00edss saga ok R\u00f3samundar ‘ and Geraldine Barnes, ‘Byzantium in the riddaras\u00f6gur ‘, in \u00c1 austrvega: Saga and East Scandinavia. Preprint Papers of the 14th International Saga Conference, Uppsala, 9th\u201315th August 2009. Eds. Agneta Ney, Henrik Williams, and Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist. Institutionen f\u00f6r humaniora och samh\u00e4llsvetenskaps skriftserie 14. G\u00e4vle: G\u00e4vle UP, 2009. 1.85\u201391 and 1.92\u201398, http:\/\/www.saga.nordiska.uu.se\/preprint Archived 2018-02-19 at the Wayback Machine.^ J\u00f8rgen Nielsen; Samim Akg\u00f6n\u00fcl; Ahmet Aliba\u0161i?; Brigitte Mar\u00e9chal; Christian Moe (11 November 2010). Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. BRILL. pp.\u00a0251\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-90-04-18475-6. Retrieved 9 September 2012.^ Heimir Bj\u00f6rnsson, ‘Hva\u00f0a \u00e1tt til Mekka? Stofnun tr\u00faf\u00e9lags m\u00faslima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess og starf \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og bar\u00e1tta gegn ford\u00f3mum’ (unpublished BA thesis, University of Iceland), pp. 8-9. http:\/\/skemman.is\/item\/view\/1946\/2283; International Religious Freedom Report 2006^ K\u00f3ran, trans. by Helgi H\u00e1lfd\u00e1narson, second edn, Reykjv\u00edk, 2003.^ a b Eygl\u00f3 Svala Arnarsd\u00f3ttir, ‘To a Mosque on a Magic Carpet’, Iceland Review, 52.1 (2014), 64–68 (p. 66).^ a b Mannfj\u00f6ldi eftir tr\u00faf\u00e9l\u00f6gum 1998-2012 . Hagstofan.is (in Icelandic)^ Vi\u00f0ar \u00deorsteinsson and Yousef Ingi Tamimi, ‘Ma\u00f0ur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 hafa h\u00famor fyrir sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r: Vi\u0111ar \u00deorsteinsson og Yousef Ingi Tamimi r\u00e6\u00f0a saman’, in \u00cdslam me\u00f0 afsl\u00e6tti, ed. by Au\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir and \u00d3ttar Martin Nor\u00f0fj\u00f6r\u00f0, Afb\u00f3k, 4 ([Reykjav\u00edk]: N\u00fdhil, 2008), pp. 142-51 (p. 143).^ a b Heimir Bj\u00f6rnsson, ‘Hva\u00f0a \u00e1tt til Mekka? Stofnun tr\u00faf\u00e9lags m\u00faslima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess og starf \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og bar\u00e1tta gegn ford\u00f3mum’ (unpublished BA thesis, University of Iceland), p. 13. http:\/\/skemman.is\/item\/view\/1946\/2283.^ Heimir Bj\u00f6rnsson, ‘Hva\u00f0a \u00e1tt til Mekka? Stofnun tr\u00faf\u00e9lags m\u00faslima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess og starf \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og bar\u00e1tta gegn ford\u00f3mum’ (unpublished BA thesis, University of Iceland), p. 6. http:\/\/skemman.is\/item\/view\/1946\/2283.^ a b c Eygl\u00f3 Svala Arnarsd\u00f3ttir, ‘To a Mosque on a Magic Carpet’, Iceland Review, 52.1 (2014), 64–68 (p. 65).^ K\u00e1ri Tulinius, ‘So What Is This Reykjav\u00edk Mosque I Keep Hearing About?’, The Reykjav\u00edk Grapevine, 8.8.2013, http:\/\/www.grapevine.is\/Features\/ReadArticle\/So-What-Is-This-Reykjavik-Mosque-I-Keep-Hearing-About Archived 2014-04-15 at the Wayback Machine.^ Eygl\u00f3 Svala Arnarsd\u00f3ttir, ‘To a Mosque on a Magic Carpet’, Iceland Review, 52.1 (2014), 64–68 (p. 67).^ Eygl\u00f3 Svala Arnarsd\u00f3ttir, ‘To a Mosque on a Magic Carpet’, Iceland Review, 52.1 (2014), 64–68 (pp. 65-66).^ Krist\u00edn Loftsd\u00f3ttir. 2012b. ‘Belonging and the Icelandic Others: Situating Icelandic Identity in a Postcolonial Context’, in Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region: Exceptionalism, Migrant Others and National Identities, ed. by Krist\u00edn Loftsd\u00f3ttir and Lars Jensen (Farnham: Ashgate, 2012), pp. 56-72 (p. 63).^ Krist\u00edn Loftsd\u00f3ttir. 2012a. Whiteness is from Another World: Gender, Icelandic International Development and Multiculturalism. European Journal of Women\u2019s Studies, 19(1), 41\u201354 (p. 47). See also \u00deorger\u00f0ur H. \u00deorvaldsd\u00f3ttir, ‘The Gender-Equal North: Icelandic Images of Femininity and Masculinity’, in Iceland and Images of the North, ed. by Sumarli\u00f0i R. \u00cdsleifsson (Qu\u00e9bec: Presses de l’Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, 2011), pp. 405-34 (pp. 410-11).^ ‘F\u00e1vitinn, Ofvitinn, \u00d6rvitinn og \u00d3ttar M. Nor\u00f0fj\u00f6r\u00f0: Str\u00e1kur Karlsson heldur \u00fat \u00ed heim’, Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0, 3 March 2010, http:\/\/www.mbl.is\/greinasafn\/grein\/1324420\/.^ a b “Populations by religious organizations 1998\u20132015”. Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland: Statistics Iceland.External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/islam-in-iceland-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Islam in Iceland – Wikipedia"}}]}]