[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/thomas-of-brotherton-1st-earl-of-norfolk\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/thomas-of-brotherton-1st-earl-of-norfolk\/","headline":"Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk","name":"Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk","description":"before-content-x4 14th-century English prince and nobleman Arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk: Royal arms of King Edward","datePublished":"2022-12-26","dateModified":"2022-12-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd810e53c1408c38cc766bc14e7ce26a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd810e53c1408c38cc766bc14e7ce26a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/Arms_of_Thomas_of_Brotherton%2C_1st_Earl_of_Norfolk.svg\/220px-Arms_of_Thomas_of_Brotherton%2C_1st_Earl_of_Norfolk.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/Arms_of_Thomas_of_Brotherton%2C_1st_Earl_of_Norfolk.svg\/220px-Arms_of_Thomas_of_Brotherton%2C_1st_Earl_of_Norfolk.svg.png","height":"256","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/thomas-of-brotherton-1st-earl-of-norfolk\/","wordCount":13023,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x414th-century English prince and nobleman  Arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk: Royal arms of King Edward I, a label of three points argent for difference       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 \u2013 4 August 1338), was the fifth son of King Edward I of England (1239\u20131307), and the eldest child by his second wife, Margaret of France, the daughter of King Philip III of France. He was, therefore, a younger half-brother of King Edward II (reigned 1307\u20131327) and a full brother of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent. He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsEarly life[edit]Marriages and issue[edit]Ancestry[edit]Family tree[edit]References[edit]Further reading[edit]Early life[edit]Thomas of Brotherton was born 1 June 1300 at the manor house at Brotherton, Yorkshire, while his mother was on her way to Cawood, where her confinement was scheduled to take place.[1] According to Hilton, Margaret was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour. The chronicler William Rishanger records that during the difficult delivery his mother prayed, as was the custom at the time, to Thomas Becket, and Thomas of Brotherton was thus named after the saint and his place of birth.King Edward I hastened to the queen and the newborn baby and had Thomas presented with two cradles. His brother Edmund of Woodstock was born in the year after that. They were overseen by wet nurses until they were six years old. Like their parents, they learned to play chess and ride horses. They were visited by nobles and their half-sister Mary of Woodstock, who was a nun. Their mother often accompanied their father on his campaigns to Scotland, but kept herself well-informed on their well-being.Thomas’s father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas’s half-brother Edward, became king of England (Edward II) and Thomas was heir presumptive until his nephew, the future King Edward III, was born in 1312. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but his brother the King instead bestowed it upon his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When Thomas was ten years old, King Edward II assigned to him and his brother Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, who had died without heirs in 1306.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4  In 1312, Thomas was titled Earl of Norfolk by Edward II, and on 10 February 1316, he was created Earl Marshal. While his brother was away fighting in Scotland, he was left Keeper of England. He was known for his hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of the king’s new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger and his father Hugh Despenser the Elder, who stole some of the young earl’s lands.He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers. When his nephew Edward III reached his majority and took the government into his own hands Thomas, who had helped with the deposition,[4] became one of his principal advisors. It was in the capacity of Lord Marshal that he commanded the right wing of the English army at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333.Thomas died on 4 August 1338, and was buried in the choir of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.[6] As he had no surviving sons, Thomas was succeeded by his daughter, Margaret, as Countess of Norfolk. She was later created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397.[6]As a son of Edward I of England, Thomas was entitled to bear the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England, differenced by a label argent of three points.[7]Marriages and issue[edit]Thomas married, firstly, before 8 January 1326, Alice de Hales (d. bef. 12 October 1330), daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, a coroner, by his wife, Alice Skogan, by whom he had a son and two daughters:Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, who married firstly John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and secondly Wauthier de Masny.Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.Alice of Norfolk, who married Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu.Thomas’s wife Alice died by October 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex.Thomas married, secondly, before 4 April 1336, Mary de Brewes (died 11 June 1362), widow of Sir Ralph de Cobham (died 5 February 1326), and daughter of Sir Peter de Brewes (died before 7 February 1312) of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, by Agnes de Clifford (died before 1332), by whom he had no surviving issue.Ancestry[edit]Ancestors of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk[14]Family tree[edit]Earls of Norfolk and Dukes of NorfolkEARL OF EAST ANGLIA(Earls of Norfolk and Suffolk)(1st creation), before 1069Ralph the Staller1st Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles(c.\u20091011\u20131068)Ralph de Gael2nd Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles(c.\u20091040\u00a0\u2013 c.\u20091096)Earldom forfeit, 1074EARL OF NORFOLK(2nd creation), 1141Hugh Bigod1st Earl of Norfolk(1095\u20131177)Roger Bigod2nd Earl of Norfolk(c.\u20091144\/1150\u20131221)Hugh Bigod3rd Earl of Norfolk(1186\u20131225)Roger Bigod4th Earl of Norfolk(c.\u20091209\u20131270)Hugh Bigod(c.\u20091211\u20131266)King Edward I1239\u20131307Roger Bigod5th Earl of Norfolk(c.\u20091245\u20131306)Earldom extict, 1270EARL OF NORFOLK(3rd creation), 1312Thomas of Brotherton1st Earl of Norfolk(1300\u20131338)Margaret of Brotherton2nd Countess of NorfolkDuchess of Norfolk “for life”(1320\u20131399)John Segrave4th Baron Segrave(1315\u20131353)Elizabeth de Segrave5th Baroness Segrave(1338\u20131368)John de Mowbray4th Baron Mowbray(1340\u20131368)Earl of Nottingham(1st creation), 1377DUKE OF NORFOLK(1st creation), 1397John de Mowbray1st Earl of Nottingham(1365\u20131383)Thomas de Mowbray3rd Earl of Norfolk1st Duke of Norfolk(c.\u20091368\u20131399)Dukedom forfeit, 1399DUKE OF NORFOLK(1st creation restored), 1425Sir Robert Howard(1385\u20131436)Lady Margaret de Mowbray(c.\u20091388\u20131459)Thomas de Mowbray4th Earl of Norfolk(1385\u20131405)John de Mowbray5th Earl of Norfolk2nd Duke of Norfolk(1392\u20131432)DUKE OF NORFOLK(4th creation), 1483John Howard1st Duke of Norfolk(1425\u20131485)John de Mowbray6th Earl of Norfolk3rd Duke of Norfolk(1415\u20131461)Titles forfeit, 1485DUKE OF NORFOLK(4th creation restored), 1514Thomas Howard2nd Duke of Norfolk(1443\u20131524)King Edward IV1442\u20131483John de Mowbray7th Earl of Norfolk4th Duke of Norfolk(1444\u20131476)Dukedom extinct, 1476DUKE OF NORFOLK(3rd creation), 1477Thomas Howard3rd Duke of Norfolk(1473\u20131554)Anne of York(1475\u20131511)Richard of ShrewsburyDuke of YorkDuke of Norfolk(1473\u20131483)Anne de Mowbray8th Countess of Norfolk(1472\u20131481)Attainted, 1547Restored, 1553Dukedom extinct, 1483Henry HowardEarl of Surrey(1517\u20131547)Thomas Howard1st Viscount Howard of Bindon(c.\u20091520\u20131582)Mary FitzRoyDuchess of Richmond and Somerset(1519\u20131557)Henry FitzRoyDuke of Richmond and Somerset(1519\u20131536)Thomas Howard4th Duke of Norfolk(1536\u20131572)Henry Howard1st Earl of Northampton(1540\u20131614)Titles forfeit, 1572Earl of SuffolkSt. Philip HowardEarl of Arundel(1557\u20131595)Attainted 1589Thomas Howard1st Earl of Suffolk(1561\u20131626)Lord William Howard(1563\u20131640)EARL OF NORFOLK(5th creation), 1644Thomas HowardEarl of Arundel1st Earl of Norfolk(1585\u20131646)Henry Frederick HowardEarl of Arundel2nd Earl of Norfolk(1608\u20131652)DUKE OF NORFOLK(4th creation restored), 1660Thomas Howard5th Duke of Norfolk(1627\u20131677)Henry HowardEarl of Norwich6th Duke of Norfolk(1628\u20131684)Hon. Charles Howard(1630\u20131713)Col. Bernard Howard(1641\u20131717)Henry HowardEarl of Norwich7th Duke of Norfolk(1655\u20131701)Lord Thomas Howard(1662\u20131689)Henry Charles Howard(d. 1720)Bernard Howard(1674\u20131735)Thomas HowardEarl of Norwich8th Duke of Norfolk(1683\u20131732)Edward HowardEarl of Norwich9th Duke of Norfolk(1685\u20131777)Charles Howard10th Duke of Norfolk(1720\u20131786)Henry Howard(1713\u20131787)Earldom of Norwich extinct, 1777Charles Howard11th Duke of Norfolk(1746\u20131815)Bernard Howard12th Duke of Norfolk(1765\u20131842)Henry Howard13th Duke of Norfolk(1791\u20131856)Baron Howard of GlossopHenry Fitzalan-Howard14th Duke of Norfolk(1815\u20131860)Edward Fitzalan-Howard1st Baron Howard of Glossop(1818\u20131883)Henry Fitzalan-Howard15th Duke of Norfolk(1847\u20131917)Francis Fitzalan-Howard2nd Baron Howard of Glossop(1859\u20131924)Bernard Fitzalan-Howard16th Duke of Norfolk(1908\u20131975)Bernard Fitzalan-Howard3rd Baron Howard of Glossop(1885\u20131972)Miles Fitzalan-Howard17th Duke of Norfolk(1915\u20132002)Edward Fitzalan-Howard18th Duke of Norfolk(b. 1956)Henry Fitzalan-HowardEarl of ArundelEarl of Surrey(b. 1987)^ He was born in the main house, later demolished in the 1930s due to disrepair, although the new 17th-century wing still exists. Waugh, 2004.^ “Norfolk, Earls and Dukes of”\u00a0. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Vol.\u00a019 (11th\u00a0ed.). 1911. p.\u00a0742.^ a b Thomas F. Tout, (1886) “Thomas of Brotherton” in Dictionary of National Biography^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family^ Allstr\u00f6m, Carl. M. Dictionary of Royal Lineage. Almberg. Chicago. 1902. pp. 135-138, 178-180, 221, 280-281, .References[edit]Archer, Rowena E. (2004). “‘Brotherton, Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c. 1320\u20131399)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online\u00a0ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093\/ref:odnb\/53070. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. Vol.\u00a0IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp.\u00a0596\u20139.Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort, England’s Medieval Queens. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p.\u00a0240. ISBN\u00a0978-0-7538-2611-9.Richardson, Douglas (2011).  Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol.\u00a0II (2nd\u00a0ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN\u00a0978-1449966348.Richardson, Douglas (2011).  Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol.\u00a0IV (2nd\u00a0ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN\u00a0978-1460992708.Waugh, Scott L. (2004). “Thomas, first earl of Norfolk (1300\u20131338)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online\u00a0ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093\/ref:odnb\/27196. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)Further reading[edit]Mortimer, Ian. The Greatest Traitor, 2003.     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