[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/guadalquivir-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/guadalquivir-wikipedia\/","headline":"Guadalquivir – Wikipedia","name":"Guadalquivir – Wikipedia","description":"River in Spain Guadalquivir Guadalquivir River in Seville Location of the Guadalquivir Etymology from \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (al-w\u0101d\u012b l-kab\u012br), “the great","datePublished":"2015-11-28","dateModified":"2015-11-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Sevilla-3-13_%2848040371651%29.jpg\/250px-Sevilla-3-13_%2848040371651%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Sevilla-3-13_%2848040371651%29.jpg\/250px-Sevilla-3-13_%2848040371651%29.jpg","height":"141","width":"250"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/guadalquivir-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4300,"articleBody":"River in SpainGuadalquivirGuadalquivir River in SevilleLocation of the GuadalquivirEtymologyfrom \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (al-w\u0101d\u012b l-kab\u012br), “the great valley” or “the great river” in ArabicCountrySpainRegionAndalusiaCitiesC\u00f3rdoba, SevilleSourceCa\u00f1ada de las Fuentes\u00a0\u2022\u00a0locationCazorla Range, Quesada, Ja\u00e9nMouthAtlantic Ocean\u00a0\u2022\u00a0locationAlmonte (Huelva) and Sanl\u00facar de Barrameda (C\u00e1diz).\u00a0\u2022\u00a0coordinates36\u00b047\u2032N 6\u00b021\u2032W\ufeff \/ \ufeff36.783\u00b0N 6.350\u00b0W\ufeff \/ 36.783; -6.350Coordinates: 36\u00b047\u2032N 6\u00b021\u2032W\ufeff \/ \ufeff36.783\u00b0N 6.350\u00b0W\ufeff \/ 36.783; -6.350\u00a0\u2022\u00a0elevation0\u00a0m (0\u00a0ft)Length657\u00a0km (408\u00a0mi)Basin size56,978\u00a0km2 (21,999\u00a0sq\u00a0mi)Discharge\u00a0\u00a0\u2022\u00a0locationAlmonte (Huelva) and Sanl\u00facar de Barrameda (C\u00e1diz).\u00a0\u2022\u00a0average164.3\u00a0m3\/s (5,800\u00a0cu\u00a0ft\/s)Tributaries\u00a0\u00a0\u2022\u00a0leftGuadiana Menor, Guadalbull\u00f3n, Guadajoz, Genil, Corbones, Guadaira\u00a0\u2022\u00a0rightGuadalimar, J\u00e1ndula, Yeguas, Guadalmellato, Guadiato, Bemb\u00e9zar, Viar, Rivera de Huelva, GuadiamarThe Guadalquivir (, also , ,[1][2][3]Spanish:\u00a0[\u0261wa\u00f0alki\u02c8\u03b2i\u027e]) is the fifth-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula and the second-longest river with its entire length in Spain. The Guadalquivir is the only major navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable from the Gulf of C\u00e1diz to Seville, but in Roman times it was navigable to C\u00f3rdoba.Geography[edit]The river is 657\u00a0km (408\u00a0mi) long and drains an area of about 58,000\u00a0km2 (22,000\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). It rises at Ca\u00f1ada de las Fuentes (village of Quesada) in the Cazorla mountain range (Ja\u00e9n), flows through C\u00f3rdoba and Seville and reaches the sea between the municipalities of Almonte and the fishing village of Bonanza, in Sanl\u00facar de Barrameda, flowing into the Gulf of C\u00e1diz, in the Atlantic Ocean.The marshy lowlands at the river’s mouth are known as “Las Marismas”. The river borders the Do\u00f1ana National Park reserve.The modern name of Guadalquivir comes from the Arabic al-w\u0101d\u012b l-kab\u012br (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0652), meaning “the big river”.[4][5]There was a variety of names for the Guadalquivir in Classical and pre-Classical times. According to Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 28, the native people of Tartessians or Turdetanians called the river by two names: Certis (Kertis) and Rherk\u0113s (\u1fec\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2).[6] Greek geographers sometimes called it “the river of Tartessos”, after the city of that name. The Romans called it by the name Baetis (which was the basis for name of the province of Hispania Baetica).History[edit]During a significant portion of the Holocene, the western Guadalquivir valley was occupied by an inland sea, the Tartessian Gulf.[7]The Phoenicians established the first anchorage grounds and dealt in precious metals. The ancient city of Tartessos (that gave its name to the Tartessian Civilization) was said to have been located at the mouth of the Guadalquivir, although its site has not yet been found.The Romans, whose name for the river was Baetis, settled in Hispalis (Seville), in the 2nd century BC, making it into an important river port. By the 1st century BC, Hispalis was a walled city with shipyards building longboats to carry wheat. In the 1st century AD the Hispalis was home to entire naval squadrons. Ships sailed to Rome with various products: minerals, salt, fish, etc. During the Arab rule between 712 and 1248 the Moors built a stone dock and the Torre del Oro (Tower of Gold), to reinforce the port defences.In the 13th century Ferdinand III expanded the shipyards and from Seville’s busy port, grain, oil, wine, wool, leather, cheese, honey, wax, nuts and dried fruit, salted fish, metal, silk, linen and dye were exported throughout Europe.A reconstructed waterwheel is located at C\u00f3rdoba on the Guadalquivir River. The Molino de la Albolafia waterwheel, originally built by the Romans, provided water for the nearby Alc\u00e1zar gardens as well as being used to mill flour.[8]After the discovery of the Americas, Seville became the economic centre of the Spanish Empire as its port monopolised the trans-oceanic trade and the Casa de Contrataci\u00f3n (House of Trade) wielded its power. As navigation of the Guadalquivir River became increasingly difficult, Seville’s trade monopoly was lost to C\u00e1diz. The construction of the canal known as the Corta de Merlina in 1794 marked the beginning of the modernisation of the port of Seville.After five years of work (2005\u20132010), in late November 2010 the new Seville lock designed to regulate tides was finally in operation.Flooding[edit]  The Guadalquivir River Basin occupies an area of 63,085 km\u00b2 and has a long history of severe flooding.During the winter of 2010 heavy rainfall caused severe flooding in rural and agricultural areas in the provinces of Seville, C\u00f3rdoba and Ja\u00e9n in the Andalusia region. The accumulated rainfall in the month of February was above 250\u00a0mm (10\u00a0in), double the precipitation for Spain for that month. In March 2010 several tributaries of the Guadalquivir flooded, causing over 1,500 people to flee their homes as a result of the increased flow of the Guadalquivir, which on 6 March 2010 reached 2,000\u00a0m3\/s (71,000\u00a0cu\u00a0ft\/s) in C\u00f3rdoba and 2,700\u00a0m3\/s (95,000\u00a0cu\u00a0ft\/s) in Seville. This was below that recorded in Seville in the flood of 1963 when 6,000\u00a0m3\/s (210,000\u00a0cu\u00a0ft\/s). was reached. During August 2010, when flooding occurred in Ja\u00e9n, C\u00f3rdoba and Seville, three people died in C\u00f3rdoba.[9]Pollution[edit]The Do\u00f1ana disaster, also known as the Aznalc\u00f3llar Disaster or Guadiamar Disaster was an industrial accident in Andalusia. In April 1998 a holding dam burst at the Los Frailes mine, near Aznalc\u00f3llar, Seville Province, releasing 4 to 5\u00a0million cubic metres (140 to 180\u00a0million cubic feet) of mine tailings. The Do\u00f1ana National Park was also affected by this event.Dams and bridges[edit]  Of the numerous bridges spanning the Guadalquivir, one of the oldest is the Roman bridge of C\u00f3rdoba. Significant bridges at Seville include the Puente del Alamillo (1992), Puente de Isabel II or Puente de Triana (1852), and Puente del Centenario (completed in 1992).[10]The El Tranco de Beas Dam at the head of the river was built between 1929 and 1944 as a hydroelectricity project of the Franco regime.Do\u00f1a Aldonza Dam is located in the Guadalquivir riverbed, in the Andalusian municipalities of \u00dabeda, Peal de Becerro and Torreperogil in the province of Ja\u00e9n.  Map of Port of Seville showing existing (dark green) and abandoned river divisions (pale green)The Port of Seville is the main port on the Guadalquivir River. The Port Authority of Seville is responsible for developing, managing, operating, and marketing the Port of Seville.The entrance to the Port of Seville is protected by a lock that regulates the water level, making the port free of tidal influences. The Port of Seville has over 2,700\u00a0m (8,900\u00a0ft) of berths for public use and 1,100\u00a0m (3,600\u00a0ft) of private berths. These docks and berths are used for solid and liquid bulk cargoes, roll-on\/roll-off cargoes, containers, private vessels and cruise ships.[11]In 2001, the Port of Seville handled almost 4.9\u00a0million tonnes (5.4\u00a0million short tons) of cargo, including 3.0\u00a0million tonnes (3.3\u00a0million short tons) of solid bulk, 1.6\u00a0million tonnes (1.8\u00a0million short tons) of general cargo, and over 264,000 tonnes (291,000 short tons) of liquid bulk. Almost 1,500 vessels brought cargo into the port, including more than 101,000 TEUs of containerized cargo.[11]See also[edit]References[edit]^ “Guadalquivir”. Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 30 May 2019.^ “Guadalquivir” (US) and “Guadalquivir”. Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01.^ “Guadalquivir”. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 30 May 2019.^ Rafael Valencia (1992). “Islamic Seville: Its Political, Social and Cultural History”.  In Salma Khadra Jayyusi; Manuela Mar\u00edn (eds.). The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Brill. p.\u00a0136. ISBN\u00a090-04-09599-3.^ Eric Ziolkowski (28 October 2014). “Kierkegaard’s Subterranean Fluvial Pseudonymity”.  In Jon Stewart; Katalin Nun (eds.). Volume 16, Tome I: Kierkegaard’s Literary Figures and Motifs: Agamemnon to Guadalquivir. Vol.\u00a016. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p.\u00a0280. ISBN\u00a0978-1-4724-4136-2.^ Smith, William. “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), BAETIS”. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. www.perseus.tufts.edu. Perseus Digital Library.^ Abril, Jos\u00e9-Mar\u00eda; Peri\u00e1\u00f1ez, Ra\u00fal; Escacena, Jos\u00e9-Luis (December 2013). “Modeling tides and tsunami propagation in the former Gulf of Tartessos, as a tool for Archaeological Science”. Journal of Archaeological Science. 40 (12): 4499\u20134508. doi:10.1016\/j.jas.2013.06.030.^ “C\u00f3rdoba Molino de Albolafia mill, The city of C\u00f3rdoba tourist main sights, Andalusia, southern Spain”. Andalucia.com. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 2015-04-05.^ “Spain Water Problem: The Guadalquivir river ne”. Tobaccoirrigation.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-04-05.^ Jos\u00e9 Luis Munuera Alem\u00e1n (2010). Casos de \u00e9xito de las empresas murcianas. ESIC Editorial. p.\u00a0116. ISBN\u00a0978-84-7356-670-4.^ a b “Port of Seville”. World Port Source.External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/guadalquivir-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Guadalquivir – Wikipedia"}}]}]