[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/myazedi-inscription-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/myazedi-inscription-wikipedia\/","headline":"Myazedi inscription – Wikipedia","name":"Myazedi inscription – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Myazedi inscription Myazedi Inscription in Mon language at the Gubyaukgyi Temple, Bagan Material Stone Writing Mon-Burmese Created AD 1113","datePublished":"2022-01-17","dateModified":"2022-01-17","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Myazedi-Inscription-Mon.JPG\/220px-Myazedi-Inscription-Mon.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Myazedi-Inscription-Mon.JPG\/220px-Myazedi-Inscription-Mon.JPG","height":"293","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/myazedi-inscription-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2694,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Myazedi inscriptionMyazedi Inscription in Mon language at the Gubyaukgyi Temple, BaganMaterialStoneWritingMon-BurmeseCreatedAD 1113Present locationBagan, Myanmar       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Myazedi inscription (Burmese: \u1019\u103c\u1005\u1031\u1010\u102e \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c [mja\u0330 z\u00e8d\u00ec t\u0255a\u028a\u0294 s\u00e0]; also Yazakumar Inscription or the Gubyaukgyi Inscription), inscribed in 1113, is the oldest surviving stone inscription of the Burmese language.[dubious  \u2013 discuss] “Myazedi” means “emerald stupa” (“zedi” being akin to the Pali “cetiya” and Thai “chedi”), and the name of the inscription comes from a pagoda located nearby. The inscriptions were made in four languages: Burmese, Pyu, Mon, and Pali,[1]:\u200a158\u200a which all tell the story of Prince Yazakumar and King Kyansittha. The primary importance of the Myazedi inscription is that the inscriptions allowed for the deciphering of the written Pyu language.There are two main inscriptions in Burma today. One exists on the platform of the Myazedi Pagoda, in the village of Myinkaba (south of Bagan), in Mandalay Division. The other was discovered by German Pali scholar Dr. Emanuel Forchhammer in 1886\u20131887 and is currently in display at the Bagan Archaeological Museum. The Myazedi inscription is recognised as Memory of the World Register by UNESCO.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsTranslation and Analysis[edit]Analysis[edit]In Pali[edit]Gallery[edit]References[edit]Link to pictures[edit]Translation and Analysis[edit]The inscription has 39 lines in Burmese language, 41 lines in Pali, 33 lines in Mon Language and 26 lines in Pyu language. It can be generally divided into three categories, donation, wish and curse. The nearest translation is as follows:S\u012bri [May everything happen successfully], Namobuddh\u0101ya [I say my prayers to Lord Buddha]. It had been over 1628 S\u0101san\u0101 years. In this Arimaddamapura Empire [Bagan empire], there was a king named \u015ar\u012b Tribhuvan\u0101ditya Dhammar\u0101ja [Kyansittha]. His beloved wife was Trilokava\u1e6dansak\u0101 devi [ Thanbula ]. Her son was named Yazakumar. The king gave three servant villages to his beloved wife. After the wife died, the king gave her possessions and the three villages to her son, Yazakumar. As the king was becoming ill after reigning for 28 years, Yazakumar, acknowledging the love for the king, made a golden Buddha statue and gave to the king. Then he said: “This golden statue is dedicated to my king. As he gave the three servant villages, I, in return, give this golden statue. After the donation, the king has died. S\u0101du,S\u0101du. “In front of the monks, Mahahtae, Mogaliputtatithahtae, Tan, Ti\u0272gha tanavarapa\u1e47\u1e6dai, he poured water. After that he built a place to put his golden statue. He then gave away the pagoda. He reigned over three villages, Tinmunalun (\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102f\u1014\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a), Yapal (\u101b\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a) and Hanvho (\u101f\u1014\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101d\u103a). After pouring water over his pagoda, he said “For those deeds, may I obtain the Sabba\u00f1uta \u00d1an(\u101e\u1017\u1039\u1017\u100a\u102f\u1010\u1025\u102c\u100f\u103a). If my son, my grandson, my relative or others abuse the servants I donated for my pagoda, they shall not be able to see Maitreya Buddha.Analysis[edit]The typical Bagan handwriting was either rectangular or circular in shape, but in this inscription, the handwriting reassembles Tamarind seeds. Being the beginning of Myanmar Literature, some words were not written systematically, that is, the consonants and vowels were separated (e.g,“\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u1021\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102c” was written as “\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c \u1021\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010” on a line, and “\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102c” written on the next line).       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4There were only words for the first person,”I” and “my”,in Bagan period.In the inscription,instead of “he”,Yazakumar referred to himself as “The son of the beloved wife”(\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1019\u101a\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038)and “it” was referred as “This”(\u1024\/\u1011\u102d\u102f).Some words had archaic meanings(e.g,\u1015\u101a\u103a,which has modern meaning of “abandon”,meant “Lovely ,or beloved”and \u1014\u103e\u1015\u103a, meaning “relax” or “mix thoroughly”,meant “donate”).[2]Yazakumar referred to his father as \u015ar\u012b Tribhuvan\u0101ditya Dhammar\u0101ja,meaning “The king who can enlighten all three worlds like the sun”,his mother as Trilokava\u1e6dansak\u0101 devi (The queen who could lead all three worlds) and the Pagan Empire as Arimaddan\u0101pura Empire (Meaning: The place where they can successfully outnumber enemies) respectively.The purpose of the donation category is to let people appreciate their deeds. The wishing category is part of the tradition of Buddhism. The main intention of writing curse to preserve the donations and to prevent donated structures from being damaged.[3]From this inscription, the reign periods of Kyansittha, Anawrahta, Saw Lu,and Alaungsithu can be calculated, old Pyu Language can be learnt, and Yazakumar’s respect and love for his father can be observed.[4]In Pali[edit]In Pali language, the inscription reads:\u015ar\u012b. Buddh\u0101dikam vatthuvaram namitv\u0101 p\u0101\u00f1\u00f1am katam yam jinas\u0101sanasmim an\u0101rikam R\u0101jakum\u0101ra n\u0101madheyyena vakkh\u0101mi sun\u0101tha metam. Nibban\u0101 lokan\u0101thassa a\u1e6dhav\u012bs\u0101dike gate sahasse pana vass\u0101nam chasate v\u0101 pare ta-th\u0101. Arimaddanan\u0101masmim pure \u0101si mahabbalo r\u0101j\u0101Tibhuvan\u0101dicco udicca diccavamsajo. Tass\u0101 tek\u0101 piy\u0101 devi s\u0101 Tilokava\u1e6damsik\u0101 hitesi kusal\u0101 sabbekiccesu pana r\u0101jino. Tass\u0101 seko suto R\u0101jakumaro n\u0101ma n\u0101mat--o amacco r\u0101jakiccesu byavato satim\u0101vidu. Ad\u0101 g\u0101mattayam tass\u0101 deviy\u0101 somahipati pasanno sabbad\u0101 d\u0101sa pribhogena bu\u00f1\u00f1jitum.Aniccat\u0101 vasam tass\u0101 gat\u0101ya pana deviy\u0101 r\u0101--j\u0101 R\u0101jakum\u0101rassa ad\u0101 g\u0101mattayam puna. A\u1e6dhav\u012bsa-ti vass\u0101ni rajjam dhammena k\u0101triya m\u0101ranantika rogassa-vassam patte nar\u0101dipe. Saranto dhammar\u0101jassa mahantam gu-\u1e47a sa\u00f1\u00f1cayam k\u0101retv\u0101 satthuno bimbam sabbasova\u1e47\u1e47a-yam subham. Gahetv\u0101 tam mahatena sakk\u0101rena sum\u0101nasoupasa\u1e45kamma r\u0101janam \u0101ha cintitamattano. Bhavamkatv\u0101nidam satthubimbam sova\u1e47\u1e47yam subham ak\u0101sim vo va--ram pu\u00f1\u00f1am s\u0101mi tumhe n\u016bmodatha. G\u0101mattayam pivos\u0101mi pubbe dinnantu me again imasseva munidassa demi ta\u00f1\u00f1c\u0101 n\u016bmodatha. Evam vutte mahip\u0101lo rogen\u0101turam\u0101naso sadhu, sadh\u016bti vatv\u0101na tu\u1e6dhahatthopamodito. Day\u0101 payo mah\u0101theyo theyo muggaliputtako sumedhatta sumedhoti laddhan\u0101mo ca pa\u1e47\u1e6ditobrahmap\u0101lo tath\u0101 brhamadevo sampanna silav\u0101 so nobahussuto samghasena vho varapa\u1e47\u1e6dito. Etesam pa-na bikkh\u016bnam sammukh\u0101 so sum\u0101naso jalam p\u0101tesi katavana sa-kkhintu vasudh\u0101talam. Tato so tan mah\u0101macco bibam so va--\u1e47\u1e47ayam subham pati\u1e6dh\u0101piya k\u0101resi guham ka\u00f1\u00f1canath\u016bpikam.Katv\u0101na ma\u1e45galam Buddhapatim\u0101ya guh\u0101yaca ak\u0101sevam pa\u1e47\u012bdh\u0101nam nibbinno bhavasa\u1e45kate. Karonetana may\u0101 etam yam pu--\u00f1\u00f1am tam sam\u0101citam hotu sabba\u00f1\u00f1uta \u00f1\u00f1a\u1e47a pative dh\u0101--y\u0101 paccayo. Yattak\u0101 ta maya d\u0101s\u0101 gamattayaniva--sino dinn\u0101 guh\u0101ya sova\u1e47\u1e47apatim\u0101ya mahesino. Putto me va paputto va a\u00f1\u00f1o va pana\u00f1\u00f1atako yo koci p\u0101pa samkappo naro assaddham\u0101n\u0101so. Kareyyupadduvam tesam d\u0101s\u0101nam si naramamoMetteya dipadindassa dassanam n\u0101thigacchat\u016bti.[5]Gallery[edit]References[edit]^ Coed\u00e8s, George (1968).  Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0-8248-0368-1.^ Blagden, C. (1914) The Myazedi Inscriptions. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 1063-1069. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25189254^ Burmese Literature. Myanmar: Ministry of Education of the government of Myanmar. 2018. p.\u00a01.^ Burmese Encyclopedia,Volume 9^ Ministry of Burmese Culture- Myanmar Inscriptions, Volume 1, p.6-7“Myazedi”. Myanmar Travel information 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-07-01. Retrieved 2006-08-13.Khin Maung Nyunt (December 2000). “Myazedi and Rosetta Stone Inscriptions”. Perspective. Archived from the original on 2005-02-08. Retrieved 2006-08-13.“Myazedi Pagoda”. Myanmar’s NET. Retrieved 2006-08-13.Nishida Tatsuo \u897f\u7530\u9f8d\u96c4 (1955) “Myazedki \u7891\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e2d\u53e4\u30d3\u30eb\u30de\u8a9e\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3000Myazedi hibu ni okeru ch\u016bko biruma go no kenky\u016b. Studies in the later ancient Burmese Language through Myazedi Inscriptions.”\u3000\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b78 Kodaigaku Palaeologia 4.1:17-31 and 5.1: 22-40.Yabu Shir\u014d \u85ea \u53f8\u90ce (2006). \u53e4\u30d3\u30eb\u30de\u8a9e\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30df\u30e3\u30bc\u30c7\u30a3\u7891\u6587\u306e\u53e4\u30d3\u30eb\u30de\u8a9e \/ Kobirumago shiry\u014d ni okeru myazedi hibun senhyakuj\u016bninen no kobirumago \u014db\u012b \/ Old Burmese (OB) of Myazedi inscription in OB materials. Osaka: Osaka University of Foreign Studies.Link to pictures[edit]Myazedi Inscription at AncientBagan.com [1]Myazedi Inscription A at Zenodo [2]Myazedi Inscription B at Zenodo [3]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/myazedi-inscription-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Myazedi inscription – Wikipedia"}}]}]