[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/uliger-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/uliger-wikipedia\/","headline":"\u00dcliger – Wikipedia","name":"\u00dcliger – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 \u00dcliger (Mongolian: \u04af\u043b\u0433\u044d\u0440, tale; Chinese: \u70cf\u529b\u683c\u723e, pinyin: w\u016bl\u00ecg\u00e9’\u011br) is the general term given","datePublished":"2021-04-06","dateModified":"2021-04-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/62\/Gesar_Gruschke.jpg\/220px-Gesar_Gruschke.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/62\/Gesar_Gruschke.jpg\/220px-Gesar_Gruschke.jpg","height":"169","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki\/uliger-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2265,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u00dcliger (Mongolian: \u04af\u043b\u0433\u044d\u0440, tale; Chinese: \u70cf\u529b\u683c\u723e, pinyin: w\u016bl\u00ecg\u00e9’\u011br) is the general term given to tales and popular myths of the Mongols (included in Buryats) of north-east Asia. They are an important part of the oral traditions among the Buryats and other Siberian tribes, and among other functions, were used to orally transmit Buddhist birth stories.[1] The tales are significant in Mongolian literature, given its long-standing tradition of passing stories on by word of mouth.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Traditionally, \u00fcligers are delivered orally in alliterative verses, often taking the form of couplets or quatrains.[2] Like other epics in oral literature, individual \u00fcliger can vary greatly in length and content from one occasion to the next. One famous performer, the Inner Mongolian Muu-\u014dkin, “was said to be able to recite \u00fcliger that lasted for months.” Like other epic poets, \u00fcliger performers accompanied themselves with an instrument, in this case a four-stringed fiddle.[3]Table of ContentsSubject matter[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Related bibliography[edit]Subject matter[edit]\u00dcligers generally tell the legends of mythological and historical heroes.[2] Common as the villain in the \u00fcliger is a monster with several heads, known as the “manggus,” whom the hero consistently defeats.[2][4]Popular \u00fcligers include the proverbs attributed to Genghis Khan, and the epics surrounding Khan’s life, including the tale about his two white horses. Still recited today by Mongolian singers are \u00fcligers based on the story of Hua Guan Suo, one of the warriors from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.[5] Longer myths, such as the Epic of King Gesar, were important vehicles for the transmission of shamanic traditions. Oirad epics relayed in \u00fcligers are Jangar, the history of the four Oirad’s Victory over the Mongols, Khan Kharangui, Bum Erdene, etc.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4  The Epic of King Gesar is not only a part of Mongolian folklore but is also engrained in Tibetan and Chinese history. However, given the oral nature of the genre, a large number of variants have always existed, and no canonical text can be given. Despite the age of the tradition dating to the 15th century, the tale was put into Mongolian woodblock print, commissioned by the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty in 1716. In the late 19th\/early 20th century a woodblock edition of the story was compiled by a scholarly monk from Lingtsang. \u00dcligers of King Gesar have even been told as far west as the Caspian Sea, reaching Europe with the Tibetan Buddhist Kalmyk people.Chinese and Tibetan literature also underlies the \u00dcliger-iin Dalai (The Ocean of Parables, see also Kath\u0101sarits\u0101gara), a collection of Buddhist birth stories (including the set of stories “The Wise Man and the Fool”) edited in 1837 by O. Kowalewski.[6] There is some scholarly debate as to whether a Chinese[7] or a Tibetan[8] version of “The Wise Man and the Fool” is the direct source for the Mongolian text, but while there are small variations, on the whole the Mongolian version is quite faithful to its originals.[1]References[edit]^ a b Yoshitake, S. (1928). “A Chapter from the Uliger-Un Dalai”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies. University of London School of Oriental and African Studies. 5 (1): 81\u201390. doi:10.1017\/S0041977X00130617. JSTOR\u00a0607784.^ a b c “Mongolian literature”. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Retrieved December 31, 2008.^ Pegg, Carole (2001). Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities. U of Washington P. pp.\u00a057\u201358. ISBN\u00a0978-0-295-98112-3.^ Preminger, Alex; Warnke, Frank J.; Hardison, Osborne Bennett, Jr. (1975). Princeton encyclopedia of poetry and poetics (2nd\u00a0ed.). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp.\u00a0528. ISBN\u00a00-691-06280-3. OCLC\u00a01203178.^ Heissig, Walther (1994). “Tracing Some Mongol Oral Motifs in a Chinese Prosimetric Ming Novel of 1478”. Asian Folklore Studies. Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture. 53 (2): 227\u201354. doi:10.2307\/1178645. JSTOR\u00a01178645.^ Kowalewski, O. (1836). Mongolian Chrestomathy. Vol.\u00a01. pp.\u00a05\u201313.^ Laufer, Berthold (1907). “Skizze der mongolischen Literatur”. Revue Orientale. 8: 165\u2013261.^ Takakusu, J. (1901). “Tales of the Wise Man and the Fool, in Tibetan and Chinese”. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 33: 447\u201360. doi:10.1017\/s0035869x00028677.External links[edit]Related bibliography[edit]Heissig, Walther. “Mongolen.” Enzyklop\u00e4die des M\u00e4rchens: Handw\u00f6rterbuch zur historischen und vergleichenden Erz\u00e4hlforschung. Eds. Kurt Ranke and Rolf Wilhelm Brednich. Walter de Gruyter, 1999. 812-23. ISBN\u00a0978-3-11-015453-5.Lohia, Sushama. The Mongol Tales of the 32 Wooden Men (\u03b3u\u010din qoyar modun k\u00fcm\u00fcn-\u00fc \u00fcliger). Harrassowitz, 1968.Popke, Suzanne L. Buryat Uliger: The Adventures of Tolei Mergen. 2005.     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