Pittosporum angustifolium – Wikipedia

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Species of plant

Pittosporum angustifolium (formerly Pittosporum phillyreoides) is a shrub or small tree growing throughout inland Australia. Common names include weeping pittosporum, butterbush, cattle bush, native apricot, apricot tree, gumbi gumbi (or gumby gumby), cumby cumby, meemeei, poison berry bush, and berrigan.

History[edit]

Pittosporum angustifolium was first described in 1832 in the Loddiges’ The Botanical Cabinet, published by William Loddiges and George Loddiges.[3]

George Bentham combined this species and P. ligustrifolium with P. phillyreoides; however, all three were split in the 2000 revision; the true P. phillyreoides is only found in a narrow coastal strip of northwestern Australia. The weeping foliage of P. angustifolium distinguishes it from the other two taxa.[4]

Description[edit]

Pittosporum angustifolium is a slow-growing plant that can reach 10 m (33 ft) in height.[5]

It has pendulous (weeping) branches. The leaves are long and thin, 4 to 12 cm (1.5 to 4.5 in) long and 0.4–1.2 cm (0.16–0.47 in) wide. The small creamish yellow tubular flowers have a pleasant scent. Flowering occurs from late winter to mid spring.[6] Up to 1.4 cm (0.55 in) in diameter, the small round orange fruit resembles an apricot and can remain on the tree for several years. The wrinkled dark red seeds are held within a sticky yellow pulp.[4] Full sun and good drainage is recommended for planting. Seeds germinate in around 17 days without any particular difficulty at 25 °C. There are around 20 viable seeds per gram.

Common names include weeping pittosporum, butterbush, cattle bush, native apricot, apricot tree, gumbi gumbi (or gumby gumby[7]), cumby cumby, meemeei, poison berry bush, and berrigan.[4][5]

Habitat[edit]

The species is found in all states of Australia except Tasmania, and in the Northern Territory.[5] It is a widespread plant found across most of inland Australia in mallee communities, alluvial flats, ridges, as well as dry woodland and on loamy, clay or sandy soils, however it is never common.[4]

It is drought- and frost-resistant. It can survive in areas with rainfall as low as 150 mm (5.9 in) per year. A resilient desert species, individuals may live for over a hundred years.[4][8][6]

Cattle often browse on the leaves, which provide reasonable nutrition. The timber can be used for wood turning.[citation needed]

It is also used as an ornamental plant in the garden, prized for its weeping habit and orange fruit.[5]

Aboriginal use[edit]

Aboriginal peoples used extracts of the plant in various ways as bush tucker or bush medicine. Uses varied from place to place and people to people.[5]

Some ate or chewed the gum[9] that oozed from branches, while others ground seeds into flour for food. The leaves, seed or wood could be made into an infusion for medicinal uses to relieve internal pain and cramping, or to treat colds, muscle sprains, eczema and other sources of itching.[5]

Western medicine studies[edit]

Aboriginal people also used the plant to treat various cancers; however its effects have not been verified by rigorous scientific investigation.[citation needed]

As of 2022 research into various types of bush medicine is being carried out by Central Queensland University in consultation with Ghungalu elder Uncle Steve Kemp, who has been providing plant materials including gumby gumby parts for the project. The study will include examination of the methods used to extract and process the plants.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “Pittosporum angustifolium“. Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  2. ^ Loddiges, C., Loddiges, G. & Loddiges, W. (1832), The Botanical Cabinet: t. 1859.
  3. ^ Grazyna Paczkowska. “Pittosporum angustifolium“. FloraBase, the West Australian Flora. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e “Revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia”. Cayzer Lindy W., Crisp Michael D., Telford Ian R. H. (2000) Revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 13, 845–902. CSIRO. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Butterbush, Woolshed Thurgoona Landcare Group, retrieved 2 May 2022
  6. ^ a b “Pittosporum angustifolium”. Plant Net – NSW Flora Online. NSW Government. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  7. ^ Cunningham, Melissa (30 October 2019). “Fake cancer cures top list of complaints”. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  8. ^ “Pittosporum angustifolium“. FloraBank. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  9. ^ Greig, Denise (1998). A Photographic Guide to Trees in Australia. p. 128. ISBN 1864363266.
  10. ^ Hines, Jasmine (25 April 2022). “Gumby gumby trees and other Aboriginal medicines to be researched by CQ University”. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 May 2022.

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