[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki10\/turner-angle-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki10\/turner-angle-wikipedia\/","headline":"Turner angle – Wikipedia","name":"Turner angle – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This sketch illustrates the definition of the Turner angle, Tu(degree), with corresponding Density ratio","datePublished":"2021-09-22","dateModified":"2021-09-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki10\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki10\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d2\/Definition_of_the_Turner_angle.gif\/267px-Definition_of_the_Turner_angle.gif","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d2\/Definition_of_the_Turner_angle.gif\/267px-Definition_of_the_Turner_angle.gif","height":"249","width":"267"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki10\/turner-angle-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2184,"articleBody":" (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This sketch illustrates the definition of the Turner angle, Tu(degree), with corresponding Density ratio value indicated. Double-diffusion is scaled in low, medium, and strong conditions.[1] (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The Turner angle Tu, introduced by Ruddick(1983) [2] and named after J. Stewart Turner, is a parameter used to describe the local stability of an inviscid water column as it undergoes double-diffusive convection. The temperature and salinity attributes, which generally determine the water density, both respond to the water vertical structure. By putting these two variables in orthogonal coordinates, the angle with the axis can indicate the importance of the two in stability. Turner angle is defined as:[1] (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Tu(deg)=tan\u22121\u2061(\u03b1\u2202\u03b8\u2202z\u2212\u03b2\u2202S\u2202z,\u03b1\u2202\u03b8\u2202z+\u03b2\u2202S\u2202z){displaystyle Tu(deg )=tan ^{-1}left(alpha {frac {partial theta }{partial z}}-beta {frac {partial S}{partial z}},alpha {frac {partial theta }{partial z}}+beta {frac {partial S}{partial z}}right)}where tan\u22121 is the four-quadrant arctangent; \u03b1 is the coefficient of thermal expansion; \u03b2 is the equivalent coefficient for the addition of salinity, sometimes referred to as the “coefficient of saline contraction”; \u03b8 is potential temperature; and S is salinity. The relation between Tu and stability is as shown [3]Table of Contents (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Relation to density ratio[edit]Physical description[edit]Characteristics[edit]Availability[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Relation to density ratio[edit]Turner angle is related to the density ratio mathematically by:R\u03c1=\u2212tan\u2061(Tu+45\u2218){displaystyle R_{rho }=-tan(Tu+45^{circ })}Meanwhile, Turner angle has more advantages than density ratio in aspects of:[2]The infinite scale of R\u03c1 is replaced by a finite one running from\u00a0+\u03c0 to -\u03c0;The strong fingering (1 < R\u03c1 < 2) and weak fingering (2 < R\u03c1 < \u221e) regions occupy about the same space on the Tu scale;The indeterminate value obtained when \u2202zS = 0 is well defined in terms of Tu;The regimes and their corresponding angles are easy to remember, and symmetric in the sense that if Tu corresponds to R\u03c1, then –Tu corresponds to R\u03c1\u22121. This links roughly equal strengths of finger and diffusive sense convection.Nevertheless, Turner angle is not as directly obvious as density ratio when assessing different attributions of thermal and haline stratification. Its strength mainly focuses on classification.Physical description[edit] Sketch of ocean thermal and haline stratification, indicating “doubly stable”, “diffusive”, and “salt-fingering” respectively.Turner angle is usually discussed when researching ocean stratification and double diffusion.Turner angle assesses the vertical stability, indicating the density of the water column changes with depth. The density is generally related to potential temperature and salinity profile: the cooler and saltier the water is, the denser it is. As the light water overlays on the dense water, the water column is called stable stratification. The buoyancy force preserves stable stratification. One characteristic of stability is that the Brunt-Vaisala frequency N2>0, which includes three situations of doubly stable, thermal diffusion, and salt fingering. Considering the density attribute to both temperature and salinity, a “double stable” status, where the temperature decreases with depth (\u2202\u03b8\/\u2202z>0) and salinity increases with depth (\u2202S\/\u2202z (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki10\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki10\/turner-angle-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Turner angle – Wikipedia"}}]}]