Voiced palatal lateral approximant – Wikipedia

Posted on by

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Consonantal sound

Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant

The voiced palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʎ⟩, a rotated lowercase letter ⟨y⟩ (not to be confused with lowercase lambda, ⟨λ⟩), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.

Many languages that were previously thought to have a palatal lateral approximant actually have a lateral approximant that is, broadly, alveolo-palatal; that is to say, it is articulated at a place in-between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate (excluded), and it may be variously described as alveolo-palatal, lamino-postalveolar,[1] or postalveolo-prepalatal. None of the 13 languages investigated by Recasens (2013), many of them Romance, has a ‘true’ palatal. That is likely the case for several other languages listed here. Some languages, like Portuguese and Catalan, have a lateral approximant that varies between alveolar and alveolo-palatal.

There is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the alveolo-palatal lateral approximant. If precision is desired, it may be transcribed ⟨l̠ʲ⟩ or ⟨ʎ̟⟩; they are essentially equivalent because the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. There is also a non-IPA letter ⟨ȴ⟩ (“l”, plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives ⟨ɕ, ʑ⟩), used especially in Sinological circles.

The voiced palatal lateral approximant contrasts phonemically with its voiceless counterpart /ʎ̥/ in the Xumi language spoken in China.

Features[edit]

Features of the voiced palatal lateral approximant:

Occurrence[edit]

See also[edit]

  1. ^ Recasens (2013:2), citing Ladefoged (1997:602)
  2. ^ a b Stenson (1991), cited in Hickey (2004:71)
  3. ^ Tayao, Ma. Lourdes (2004). “The evolving study of Philippine English phonology”. Asian Englishes. 23 (1): 77–90. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.2004.00336.x.
  4. ^ Grevisse & Goosse (2011, §33, b), Fagyal, Kibbee & Jenkins (2006:47)
  5. ^ Ashby (2011:64): “(…) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of [ʎ], creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol).”
  6. ^ Skjekkeland (1997), pp. 105–107.
  7. ^ “Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português”. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
  8. ^ a b Jazić (1977:?), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:188)
  9. ^ [1] Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine ALPI
  10. ^ Peña Arce, Jaime (2015). “Yeísmo en el español de América. Algunos apuntes sobre su extensión” [Yeísmo in the Spanish spoken in America. Some notes on its extension]. Revista de Filología de la Universidad de la Laguna (in Spanish). 33: 175–199. Retrieved October 5, 2021.

References[edit]

  • Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de (2009), Os estudos fonético-fonológicos nos estados da Paraíba e do Ceará [The phonetic-phonological studies in Paraíba and Ceará states] (PDF) (in Portuguese), archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-11, retrieved 2017-08-10
  • Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4
  • Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics, Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-340-92827-1
  • Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), “Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art” (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97–208, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.1365, doi:10.1075/jgl.8.08arv, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-11
  • Benkő, Loránd (1972), “The Hungarian Language”, in Imre, Samu (ed.), Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, vol. 134, The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), “Catalan”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), “Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River” (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157[permanent dead link]
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), “Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River” (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169[permanent dead link]
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), “European Portuguese”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
  • Hickey, Raymon (2004), “Irish English: phonology”, in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 68–97, ISBN 978-3-11-017532-5
  • Jazić, Đorđe (1977), Osnovi fonetike ruskog jezika: ruski glasovni sistem u poređenju sa srpskohrvatskim, Beograd: Naučna knjiga
  • Oftedal, M. (1956), The Gaelic of Leurbost, Oslo: Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World’s Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
  • Ladefoged, Peter (1997), “Linguistic phonetic descriptions”, in Harcastle, William J.; Laver, John (eds.), The handbook of the phonetic sciences, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 589–618
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), Oxford: Blackwell
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), “Castilian Spanish”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
  • Recasens, Daniel (2013), “On the articulatory classification of (alveolo)palatal consonants”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 1–22, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000199, S2CID 145463946
  • Recasens, Daniel; Farnetani, Edda; Fontdevila, Jordi; Pallarès, Maria Dolors (1993), “An electropalatographic study of alveolar and palatal consonants in Catalan and Italian” (PDF), Language and Speech, 36 (2–3): 213–234, doi:10.1177/002383099303600306, PMID 8277809, S2CID 2538069
  • Rogers, Derek; d’Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), “Italian”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Skjekkeland, Martin (1997), Dei norske dialektane: Tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla, Høyskoleforlaget (Norwegian Academic Press)
  • Stein, Cirineu Cecote (2011), O percurso acústico-articulatório da alofonia da consoante lateral palatal [The acoustic-articulatory path of the lateral palatal consonant’s allophony] (in Portuguese)
  • Stenson, Nancy (1991), “Code-switching vs. borrowing in modern Irish”, in Sture Ureland, P.; Broderick, George (eds.), Language Contact in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Language Contact in Europe, Tübingen: Niemeyer, pp. 559–579
  • Teixeira, António; Martins, Paula; Oliveira, Catarina; Silva, Augusto (2012), “Production and Modeling of the European Portuguese Palatal Lateral”, Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7243, pp. 318–328, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28885-2_36, ISBN 978-3-642-28884-5
  • Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English 3: Beyond The British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 610–622, ISBN 978-0-521-28541-4