[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki11\/land-cover-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki11\/land-cover-wikipedia\/","headline":"Land cover – Wikipedia","name":"Land cover – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Physical material covering the surface of Earth Land cover surrounding Madison, WI. Fields are colored","datePublished":"2022-07-10","dateModified":"2022-07-10","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki11\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki11\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/13\/NLCD_landcover_MSN_area.png\/220px-NLCD_landcover_MSN_area.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/13\/NLCD_landcover_MSN_area.png\/220px-NLCD_landcover_MSN_area.png","height":"220","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki11\/land-cover-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3047,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPhysical material covering the surface of Earth  Land cover surrounding Madison, WI. Fields are colored yellow and brown, water is colored blue, and urban surfaces are colored red.Land cover is the physical material at the surface of Earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent being vegetation.[1]:\u200a52\u200a The expression continues to be used by the United States Bureau of Land Management.[2]There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey and analysis of remotely sensed imagery.[3]Land change models can be built from these types of data to assess changes in land cover over time.One of the major land cover issues (as with all natural resource inventories) is that every survey defines similarly named categories in different ways. For instance, there are many definitions of “forest”\u2014sometimes within the same organisation\u2014that may or may not incorporate a number of different forest features (e.g., stand height, canopy cover, strip width, inclusion of grasses, and rates of growth for timber production).[4] Areas without trees may be classified as forest cover “if the intention is to re-plant” (UK and Ireland), while areas with many trees may not be labelled as forest “if the trees are not growing fast enough” (Norway and Finland).Distinction from “land use”[edit]“Land cover” is distinct from “land use”, despite the two terms often being used interchangeably. Land use is a description of how people utilize the land and of socio-economic activity. Urban and agricultural land uses are two of the most commonly known land use classes. At any one point or place, there may be multiple and alternate land uses, the specification of which may have a political dimension. The origins of the “land cover\/land use” couplet and the implications of their confusion are discussed in Fisher et al. (2005).[5]  Land cover by IGBP with 17 classes. Class definition[6] Color Code[7]     \u00a0\u00a0Deciduous Broadleaf Forest   \u00a0\u00a0Open Shrubland \u00a0\u00a0Savannas     \u00a0\u00a0Cropland\/Natural Vegetation Mosaic \u00a0\u00a0Barren or Sparsely VegetatedFollowing table is Land Cover statistics by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) with 14 classes.Land Cover[8][9] (million ha = 10 000\u00a0km2)FAO codetype[10]199220012015sharechange fm 92note[6970]Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas)26.0434.3355.400.37%29.35[6971]Herbaceous crops1,716.221,749.581,712.1511.50%-4.06Arable land[6972]Woody crops162.86181.32199.901.34%37.04Arable land[6973]Multiple or layered cropsArable land[6974]Tree-covered areas4,434.924,393.704,335.0029.11%-99.93large decrease[6975]Mangroves18.0618.3918.740.13%0.67[6976]Shrub-covered areas1,685.001,669.651,627.3410.93%-57.66large decrease[6977]Shrubs and\/or herbaceous vegetation, aquatic or regularly flooded202.61194.77185.391.24%-17.23[6978]Sparsely natural vegetated areas891.78878.69868.075.83%-23.71[6979]Terrestrial barren land2,001.252,000.871,884.0012.65%-117.25large decrease[6980]Permanent snow and glaciers78.5984.3284.290.57%5.70[6981]Inland water bodies432.60435.00444.572.98%11.97[6982]Coastal water bodies and intertidal areas[6983]Grassland1,793.651,806.501,801.1412.09%7.50Total Land Mass14,893.91100%Mapping[edit]  Process of land cover mapping using TM images[11]Land cover change detection using remote sensing and geospatial data provides baseline information for assessing the climate change impacts on habitats and biodiversity, as well as natural resources, in the target areas. Land cover change detection and mapping is a key component of interdisciplinary land change science, which uses it to determine the consequences of land change on climate.Application of land cover mappingSee also[edit]References[edit]^ Makers of American Botany, Harry Baker Humphrey, Ronald Press Company, Library of Congress Card Number 61-18435^ “Susitna MOA Earth Cover Classification” (PDF). BlM-Alaska Technical Report 44. Bureau of Land Management. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.^ Cracknell, Matthew J.; Reading, Anya M. (February 2014). “Geological mapping using remote sensing data: A comparison of five machine learning algorithms, their response to variations in the spatial distribution of training data and the use of explicit spatial information”. Computers & Geosciences. 63: 22\u201333. Bibcode:2014CG…..63…22C. doi:10.1016\/j.cageo.2013.10.008. ISSN\u00a00098-3004.^ Horning, Ned; Robinson, Julie A .; Sterling, Eleanor J.; Turner, Woody; Spector, Sacha (2010). “Measuring and Monitoring Land Cover, Land use, and Vegetation Characteristics”. Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques. Oxford University Press.^ Fisher, P., Comber, A. and Wadsworth, R.. 2005. Land Use and Land Cover: Contradiction or Complement. In Fisher, P. and Unwin, D. (Eds.). Re-Presenting GIS. John Wiley & Sons. https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-ca\/Re+Presenting+GIS+-p-9780470848470^ The IGBP Land Cover Classification^ The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) MODIS\/Terra Land Cover Types Yearly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG (MOD12C1)^ FAO Agri-Environmental Indicators \/ Land cover^ values are from CCI_LC\uff08Climate Change Initiative Land Cover\uff09 by European Space Agency^ FAO Dataset Information: Land Cover Title Abstract Supplemental see Table 1. SEEA CF\/AFF land cover classes and corresponding LCC classifiers, page 2,3,4^ Uddin, Kabir; Shrestha, Him Lal; Murthy, M. S. R.; Bajracharya, Birendra; Shrestha, Basanta; Gilani, Hammad; Pradhan, Sudip; Dangol, Bikash (2015-01-15). “Development of 2010 national land cover database for the Nepal”. Journal of Environmental Management. Land Cover\/Land Use Change (LC\/LUC) and Environmental Impacts in South Asia. 148: 82\u201390. doi:10.1016\/j.jenvman.2014.07.047. ISSN\u00a00301-4797. PMID\u00a025181944.Further reading[edit]External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki11\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki11\/land-cover-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Land cover – Wikipedia"}}]}]