GM Family 1 engine – Wikipedia
Motor vehicle engine
The Family 1 is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel, a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group, to replace the Opel cam-in-head engines for use on mid-range cars from Opel/Vauxhall. Originally produced at the Aspern engine plant, production was moved to the Szentgotthárd engine plant in Hungary[2] with the introduction of the DOHC version. GM do Brasil at São José dos Campos,[3]GMDAT at Bupyeong and GM North America at Toluca also build these engines.
The Family 1 engines are inline-four cylinder engines with belt-driven single or double overhead camshafts in an aluminum cylinder head with a cast iron engine block. GM do Brasil versions were also capable of running on ethanol. These engines are sometimes referred to as “Small-block” engines by enthusiasts; in contrast to the larger Family II engines which are sometimes referred to as the “Big-block” engines.
GM do Brasil specializes in SOHC, petrol-powered and FlexPower (powered with ethanol and/or petrol, mixed in any percentage) engines. GM Brasil also made 16-valve versions of the 1.0 engine. The 1.0 L 16v was available in the Corsa line-up from 1999 to 2001.
| Opel engine codes explained | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. = Emissions controls | 2./3. = Displacement (in tenths of liters) | 4. = Compression ration | 5. = Fuel feed | 6. = Special conditions |
| A = Austria, Euro 5 since 2007 | 14 = 1.4 Liter | G = < 8.5:1 | E = Multi-point fuel injection | F = government fleet (lower power) |
| B = Euro 6 | 16 = 1.6 liter | L = > 8.5–9.0:1 | F = FlexFuel (E85) | G = Natural gas |
| C = Three-way catalytic converter, Euro 1 | 17 = 1.7 liter | N = > 9.0–9.5:1 | H = Direct injection | H = high output/forced induction |
| E = Euronorm catalytic converter | 18 = 1.8 liter | S = > 9.5–10.5:1 | N = Natural gas | I = Irmscher |
| H = Australian ADR 37 (“Holden”) | 20 = 2.0 liter | X = > 10.5–11.5:1 | V = Carburettor | L = reduced power/low pressure turbo |
| S = Swedish A 10/11 emissions | 25 = 2.5 liter | Y = > 11,5:1 | Z = Single-point injection | P = TwinPort |
| X = Euro 2 | 30 = 3.0 liter | D = Diesel | R = enhanced power | |
| Y = Euro 3 | V = Volume model | |||
| Z = Euro 4 | T = Turbocharger | |||
| empty = no emissions controls | empty = no special condition | |||
Motor vehicle engine
1.0[edit]
The 999 cc (61.0 cu in) version has a 71.1 mm (2.80 in) bore and a 62.9 mm (2.48 in) stroke.
1.2[edit]
The 1,195 cubic centimetres (72.9 cu in) version was used in the Opel Corsa.[4]
| Engine[4] | Power | Torque | Compression Ratio | Fuel Delivery | Engine Management | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12NV | 52 hp (39 kW) at 5800 rpm | 86 N⋅m (63 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm | Carburetor | Opel Corsa A | ||
| 12ST | 54 hp (40 kW) at 5600 rpm | 90 N⋅m (66 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm | Carburetor | Opel Corsa A | ||
| A12ST | 50 hp (37 kW) at 5600 rpm | 88 N⋅m (65 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm | Carburetor | Opel Corsa A | ||
| C12NZ | 45 hp (34 kW) at 5000 rpm | 88 N⋅m (65 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm | Opel Corsa A | |||
| S12ST | 54 hp (40 kW) at 5600 rpm | 90 N⋅m (66 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm | Carburetor | Opel Corsa A |
1.3[edit]
The 1,297 cc (79.1 cu in) version has a 75.0 mm (2.95 in) bore and a 73.4 mm (2.89 in) stroke.
1.4[edit]
The 1,389 cc (84.8 cu in) version has a 77.6 mm (3.06 in) bore and a 73.4 mm (2.89 in) stroke.
1.6[edit]
The 1,598 cc (97.5 cu in) version has a 79.0 mm (3.11 in) bore and an 81.5 mm (3.21 in) stroke.
| Engine[5] | Power | Torque | Compression Ratio | Fuel Delivery | Engine Management | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C16NZ | 72–75 hp (54–56 kW) at 5200 rpm | 125 N⋅m (92 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm | 9.2:1 | Single-point Fuel Injection | ||
| C16SE | 100 hp (75 kW) at 5800 rpm | 135 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 3400 rpm | 9.8:1 | multi-point fuel injection | ||
| C16SEI | 98 hp (73 kW) at 5600 rpm | 132 N⋅m (97 lb⋅ft) at 3400 rpm | Opel Corsa A | |||
| E16SE | 100 hp (75 kW) at 5800 rpm | 135 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 3400 rpm | Opel Corsa A | |||
| L73 | 74 hp (55 kW) at 5600 rpm | 120 N⋅m (90 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm | 8.6:1 | throttle-body fuel injection | ||
| G16SF | 92 hp (68 kW) at 5600 rpm | throttle-body fuel injection | GM Multec Central | 1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans LS
1988-1991 Passport Optima |
||
| Z16SE | 64 kW (86 hp) at 5400 rpm | 133 N⋅m (98 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm | 9.6:1 | multi-point fuel injection |
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| L91 | ||||||
| X16SZ | 52 kW (72 hp) at 5000 rpm | 128Nm at 2800 rpm | 10.0:1 | Single-point fuel injection | Multec-SZ | Opel Vectra A
Opel Astra F |
| 16SV | 82 [email protected] | 130 N⋅m (96 lb⋅ft) @ 2600 rpm | Carburettor | Vauxhall Cavalier MK3
MK2 Astra |
1.8[edit]
The 1,796 cc (109.6 cu in) version has an 80.5 mm (3.17 in) bore and an 88.2 mm (3.47 in) stroke.
Applications:
SPE / 4[edit]
The SPE / 4 or (Smart Performance Economy 4 cylinders) engines are an evolution of the Econo.Flex engines that were made in Brazil at the Joinville plant. There are two available displacements: 1.0 L and 1.4 L. They feature an SOHC head with 2-valves per cylinder, and is fed by a multi-point fuel injection system, which allows it to run on either E100 (pure ethanol) or E25 gasoline (standard in Brazil). Major differences between previous engines include reduced friction, lowered weight, individual coil-near-plug ignition, and a new cylinder head design.
| Name | Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Compression Ratio | Power | Torque | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 L (999 cc) | 71.1 mm (2.8 in) | 62.9 mm (2.5 in) | 12.4:1 |
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| 1.4 L (1389 cc) | 77.6 mm (3.1 in) | 73.4 mm (2.9 in) |
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Motor vehicle engine
Pre-Ecotec[edit]
This was the first engine in this family, featuring a Lotus-developed 16-valve cylinder head and a cast-iron cylinder block which was essentially the same as in Opel’s 8-valve engines. C16XE was available only in Corsa GSi, model years 1993 and 1994. C16XE was not yet badged Ecotec, and for later model Corsas and Opel Tigras it was replaced with X16XE Ecotec engine. The main difference between C16XE and X16XE Ecotec is emission control, C16XE lacks EGR and AIR-system, although the cylinder head is designed to enable these features. Other differences between C16XE and later versions of the engine include intake manifold, C16XE has a plastic upper intake manifold, which was replaced with a cast aluminium manifold, and fuel injection system, C16XE uses Multec fuel injection with MAF sensor and later models used Multec fuel injection with MAP sensor. Also, while C16XE had its own exhaust front section design, for X16XE it was replaced with a front section used also in Opel Astra, probably as a cost-saving measure.
| Name | Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Compression Ratio | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C16XE | 1.6 L (1598 cc) | 79 mm (3.1 in) | 81.5 mm (3.21 in) | 10.5:1 | 80 kW (110 hp) |
Applications:
Ecotec[edit]
The first generation Ecotec engines are belt-driven 16-valve DOHC engines, with cast-iron cylinder blocks and aluminum cross-flow cylinder heads. They feature sodium-filled exhaust valves, a cast steel crankshaft, and a spheroidal graphite flywheel. They also feature exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), secondary air injection, and Multec M engine control with sequential multiport fuel injection. The 1.6 L version was also exported for use in the Brazilian Corsa GSi.
| Name | Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Compression Ratio | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X14XE | 1.4 L (1389 cc) | 77.6 mm (3.1 in) | 73.4 mm (2.9 in) | 10.5:1 | 66 kW (89 hp) | 125 N⋅m (92 lb⋅ft) |
| X16XEL | 1.6 L (1598 cc) | 79 mm (3.1 in) | 81.5 mm (3.2 in) | 74 kW (99 hp) | 150 N⋅m (110 lb⋅ft) | |
| X16XE | 78 kW (105 hp) | |||||
| X18XE1 | 1.8 L (1796 cc) | 80.5 mm (3.2 in) | 88.2 mm (3.5 in) | 85 kW (114 hp) | 167 N⋅m (123 lb⋅ft) |
Applications:
Electronic throttle[edit]
Updated version introduced from 2000, with lighter cast-iron cylinder block and camshaft driven by toothed belt. Features EGR valve and electronic throttle for reduced emissions.
Ecotec TwinPort Family 1 engine (Z16XEP) is used in:
Motor vehicle engine
Daewoo Motors licensed and produced a variant of the Family 1 engine. These engines were built exclusively at Bupyeong engine plant and marketed as E-TEC. Like all Family 1 engines they feature a toothed belt driven valvetrain, a cast-iron engine block and an aluminum cylinder head. Most models feature Euro III-compliancy, and the 1.4 L (1399 cc) and 1.6 L (1598cc) versions employ variable intake geometry. With the release of Chevrolet Cruze, the factory has been converted to produce the Ecotec Family 1 Gen III block.
SOHC[edit]
| Name | Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Compression Ratio | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A13SMS | 1.3 L (1299 cc) | 76.5 mm (3.01 in) | 71.5 mm (2.81 in) | |||
| A13SMS | 1.4 L (1349 cc) | 76.5 mm (3.01 in) | 73.4 mm (2.89 in) | |||
| LV8 | 1.5 L (1498 cc) | 76.5 mm (3.01 in) | 81.5 mm (3.21 in) |
Applications:
DOHC[edit]
The E-TEC II 16V is an updated version of the E-TEC engines with DOHC.
| Name | Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Compression Ratio | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (L95) | 1.4 L (1399 cc) | 77.9 mm (3.1 in) | 73.4 mm (2.9 in) | 9.5:1 | 70 kW (94 hp) at 6200 rpm | 127 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft) at 3400 rpm |
| (LDT) | 74 kW (99 hp) at 6400 rpm | 131 N⋅m (97 lb⋅ft) at 4200 rpm | ||||
| A15MF | 1.5 L (1498 cc) | 76.5 mm (3.01 in) | 81.5 mm (3.21 in) | 63 kW (84 hp) at 5400 rpm | 131 N⋅m (97 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm | |
| (L91) | 1.6 L (1598 cc) | 79 mm (3.1 in) | 77 kW (103 hp) at 6000 rpm | 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 3600 rpm | ||
| (LXT) | 77 kW (103 hp) at 5800 rpm | 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 3400 rpm |
Applications:
Generation III[edit]
Motor vehicle engine
The new Generation III or Gen III engine entered production in Spring 2005. These engines replaced both the previous generation Ecotec engines as well as Daewoo’s E-TEC 16V engines. These engines are manufactured at Szentgotthárd, Hungary, Bupyeoung, Korea, Toluca, Mexico and Yantai, PRC (SGM).
In contrast to their predecessors, the Gen III engines feature lighter cast-iron blocks, as well as higher compression ratios. These engines also implement DCVCP (Double Continuous Variable Cam Phasing technology, a variant of VVT), piston cooling by oil jets, and an integrated catalytic converter. Non-turbocharged variants feature the TwinPort (Variable-length intake manifold) technology.
Reliability improvements include a wider camshaft drive belt, and a water pump no longer driven by it.
The LDE engine meets Euro VI and KULEV emission standards. With the addition of secondary air injection to the LUW engine, the LWE achieves PZEV status.
These engines like their DOHC predecessors feature bucket tappets in contrast to the roller finger followers found on GM’s other 4-cylinder engines.
| Name | Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Compression Ratio | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A16XER (LDE) | 1.6 L (1598 cc) | 79 mm (3.1 in) | 81.5 mm (3.2 in) | 10.8:1 | 85 kW (114 hp) at 6000 rpm | 155 N⋅m (114 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm |
| (LXV) | 81 kW (110 PS) at 6400 rpm | 142 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm | ||||
| (LGE) | 10.5:1 | 110 kW (150 PS) at 5000 rpm |
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| Z16LEL | 8.8:1 | 110 kW (150 PS) at 5000 rpm | 210 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 1850–5000 rpm | |||
| A16LEL | ||||||
| Z16LET | 132 kW (179 PS) at 5500 rpm | 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) at 2200–5400 rpm | ||||
| A16LET (LLU) | ||||||
| Z16LER | 141 kW (192 PS) at 5000 rpm | 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) at 1980–5800 rpm | ||||
| A16LER (LDW) (B16LER) | 141 kW (192 PS) at 5850 rpm |
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| A16LES (B16LES) | 154 kW (209 PS) at 5850 rpm |
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| X18XF (Flex) | 1.8 L (1796 cc) | 80.5 mm (3.2 in) | 88.2 mm (3.5 in) | 10.5:1 | 84 kW (113 hp) at 5600 rpm | 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm |
| Z18XER | 103 kW (140 PS) at 6300 rpm | 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) at 3800 rpm | ||||
| A18XER (2H0) (F18DA) | ||||||
| P18XER (LWE) | ||||||
| U18XFR (LUW) | ||||||
| N18XFF (LFH) | 107 kW (143 hp) at 6300 rpm | 185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) at 3800 rpm |
Applications:
Turbocharged Gen III engines are used in:
See also[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
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