Academy Award for Best Animated Feature

Film category of the Oscars

The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films. An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters’ performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique, a significant number of the major characters are animated, and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first awarded in 2002 for films released in 2001.[1][2][3]

The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award’s inception. If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category, the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films, which has happened nine times, otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist.[4]

History[edit]

For much of the Academy Awards’ history, AMPAS was resistant to the idea of a regular award for animated features, considering there were simply too few produced to justify such consideration.[5] Instead, the Academy occasionally bestowed special Oscars for exceptional productions, usually for Walt Disney Pictures, such as for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1938,[6] and the Special Achievement Academy Award for the live action/animated hybrid Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1989[7] and Toy Story in 1996.[8] In fact, prior to the award’s creation, only one animated film was nominated for Best Picture: 1991’s Beauty and the Beast, also by Disney.[9][10]

By 2001, the rise of sustained competitors to Disney in the feature animated film market, such as DreamWorks Animation (founded by former Disney executive Jeffrey Katzenberg), created an increase of film releases of significant annual number enough for AMPAS to reconsider.[11] The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given out at the 74th Academy Awards,[12] held on March 24, 2002.[13] The Academy included a rule that stated that the award would not be presented in a year in which fewer than eight eligible films opened in theaters.[14] It dropped the rule on April 23, 2019, to make voting for animated films more acceptable.[15] People in the animation industry, as well as fans, expressed hope that the prestige from this award and the resulting boost to the box office would encourage the increased production of animated features.

In 2009, when the nominee slots for Best Picture were doubled to ten, Up was nominated for both Animated Feature and Picture at the 82nd Academy Awards, the first to do so since the inception of the Animated Feature category. This feat was repeated the following year by Toy Story 3.

In 2022, it was unclear whether Marcel the Shell with Shoes On would be eligible for the award at the 95th Academy Awards due to being a live-action/stop-motion animated hybrid. Director Dean Fleischer Camp said that he and A24 had to submit documentation in order to prove the film had enough animation to meet the award’s minimum requirements.[16][17] Nonetheless, the AMPAS officially deemed the film eligible for consideration in the Animated Feature category.[18]

Criticism and controversies[edit]

Best Picture criticism[edit]

Some members and fans have criticized the award, however, saying it is only intended to prevent animated films from having a chance of winning Best Picture. DreamWorks had advertised heavily during the holiday 2001 season for Shrek, but was disappointed when the rumored Best Picture nomination did not materialize, though it was nominated for and ultimately won the inaugural Best Animated Feature award.[1]

The criticism surrounding the Best Animated Feature category was particularly prominent at the 81st Academy Awards, in which WALL-E won the award but was not nominated for Best Picture, despite receiving widespread acclaim from critics and audiences alike and being generally considered to be one of the best films of 2008.[19][20][21][22] This sparked controversy over whether the film was deliberately snubbed of such nomination by the Academy. Film critic Peter Travers commented that “if there was ever a time where an animated feature deserved to be nominated for Best Picture, it’s WALL-E.” However, official Academy Award regulations state that any film nominated for this category can still be nominated for Best Picture.[4]

From 2010 onward, with the increasing competitiveness of the Animated Feature category, Pixar (a perennial nominee) did not receive nominations for several recent films due to the more mixed critical response and comparatively low box-office receipts, while Pixar’s sister studio Disney Animation won their first three awards.[23]

Eligibility of motion capture films[edit]

In 2010, the Academy enacted a new rule regarding the motion capture technique employed in films such as A Christmas Carol (2009) and The Adventures of Tintin (2011), directed by Academy Award for Best Director winners Robert Zemeckis and Steven Spielberg respectively, and how they might not be eligible in this category in the future. This rule was possibly made to prevent nominations of live-action films that rely heavily on motion capture, such as Avatar (2009).[citation needed]

[edit]

At the 94th Academy Awards, the award for the Best Animated Feature was presented by three actresses who portrayed as Disney princess characters in live-action remakes of their respective animated films: Lily James (Cinderella), Naomi Scott (Aladdin), and Halle Bailey (The Little Mermaid). While introducing the category, Bailey stated that animated films are “formative experiences as kids who watch them,” as James put it, “So many kids watch these movies over and over, over and over again.” Scott added: “I see some parents who know exactly what we’re talking about.”[24] The remarks were heavily criticized by animation fans and those working in the animation industry as infantilizing the medium and perpetuating the stigma that animated works are strictly for children, especially since the industry was credited with sustaining the flow of Hollywood content and revenue during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Phil Lord, co-producer of one of the nominated films, The Mitchells vs. the Machines, tweeted that it was “super cool to position animation as something that kids watch and adults have to endure.” The film’s official social media accounts responded to the joke with an image reading: “Animation is cinema.”[25][26] A week later, Lord and his producing partner Christopher Miller wrote a guest column in Variety criticizing the Academy for the joke and how Hollywood has been treating animation writing that “no one set out to diminish animated films, but it’s high time we set out to elevate them.” They also suggested to the Academy that the category should be presented by a filmmaker who respects the art of animation as cinema.[27]

Adding to the controversy was the fact that the award for Best Animated Short Film (the nominees for which were mostly made up of shorts not aimed at children) was one of the eight categories that were not presented during the live broadcast.[28] The winner for the Best Animated Short award was The Windshield Wiper, a multilingual Spanish-American film which is adult animated, while another nominee in three categories: Best Animated Feature, Best Documentary Feature, and Best International Feature Film, was Flee, a PG-13 rated animated documentary about an Afghan refugee. Alberto Mielgo, director of The Windshield Wiper, later gave an acceptance speech for the Oscar: “Animation is an art that includes every single art that you can imagine. Animation for adults is a fact. It’s happening. Let’s call it cinema. I’m very honored because this is just the beginning of what we can do with animation.”[29] Some speculations suggested that the speech played a role in the decision to not broadcast the award.[30]

Another factor is that numerous animated films have been made for mature audiences or with ranges of PG-13 or more, with a few of them —The Triplets of Belleville, Persepolis, Chico and Rita, The Wind Rises, Anomalisa, My Life as a Courgette, The Breadwinner, Loving Vincent, Isle of Dogs, I Lost My Body and Flee— having been nominated in this category, though none have won.[31][32]

These comments came as #NewDeal4Animation, a movement of animation workers demanding equal pay, treatment and recognition alongside their contemporaries working in live-action, was picking up momentum during negotiations for a new contract between The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839/SAG-AFTRA and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers,[33] and the presentation is being used to rally the movement.

Winners and nominees[edit]

2000s[edit]

2010s[edit]

Year Film Nominees
2010
(83rd)
[42]
Toy Story 3 Lee Unkrich
How to Train Your Dragon Chris Sanders & Dean DeBlois
The Illusionist Sylvain Chomet
2011
(84th)
[43]
Rango Gore Verbinski
A Cat in Paris Alain Gagnol & Jean-Loup Felicioli
Chico and Rita Fernando Trueba & Javier Mariscal
Kung Fu Panda 2 Jennifer Yuh Nelson
Puss in Boots Chris Miller
2012
(85th)
[44]
Brave Mark Andrews & Brenda Chapman
Frankenweenie Tim Burton
ParaNorman Sam Fell & Chris Butler
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists! Peter Lord
Wreck-It Ralph Rich Moore
2013
(86th)
[45]
Frozen Chris Buck, Jennifer Lee & Peter Del Vecho
The Croods Chris Sanders, Kirk DeMicco & Kristine Belson
Despicable Me 2 Chris Renaud, Pierre Coffin & Chris Meledandri
Ernest & Celestine Benjamin Renner & Didier Brunner
The Wind Rises Hayao Miyazaki & Toshio Suzuki
2014
(87th)
[46]
Big Hero 6 Don Hall, Chris Williams & Roy Conli
The Boxtrolls Anthony Stacchi, Graham Annable & Travis Knight
How to Train Your Dragon 2 Dean DeBlois & Bonnie Arnold
Song of the Sea Tomm Moore & Paul Young
The Tale of the Princess Kaguya Isao Takahata & Yoshiaki Nishimura
2015
(88th)
[47]
Inside Out Pete Docter & Jonas Rivera
Anomalisa Charlie Kaufman, Duke Johnson & Rosa Tran
Boy and the World Alê Abreu
Shaun the Sheep Movie Mark Burton & Richard Starzak
When Marnie Was There Hiromasa Yonebayashi & Yoshiaki Nishimura
2016
(89th)
[48]
Zootopia Byron Howard, Rich Moore & Clark Spencer
Kubo and the Two Strings Travis Knight & Arianne Sutner
Moana John Musker, Ron Clements & Osnat Shurer
My Life as a Courgette Claude Barras & Max Karli
The Red Turtle Michaël Dudok de Wit & Toshio Suzuki
2017
(90th)
[49]
Coco Lee Unkrich & Darla K. Anderson
The Boss Baby Tom McGrath & Ramsey Naito
The Breadwinner Nora Twomey & Anthony Leo
Ferdinand Carlos Saldanha & Lori Forte
Loving Vincent Dorota Kobiela, Hugh Welchman & Ivan Mactaggart
2018
(91st)
[50]
Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse Bob Persichetti, Peter Ramsey, Rodney Rothman, Phil Lord & Christopher Miller
Incredibles 2 Brad Bird, John Walker & Nicole Paradis Grindle
Isle of Dogs Wes Anderson, Scott Rudin, Steven Rales & Jeremy Dawson
Mirai Mamoru Hosoda & Yuichiro Saito
Ralph Breaks the Internet Rich Moore, Phil Johnston & Clark Spencer
2019
(92nd)
[51]
Toy Story 4 Josh Cooley, Mark Nielsen & Jonas Rivera
How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World Dean DeBlois, Bradford Lewis & Bonnie Arnold
I Lost My Body Jérémy Clapin & Marc du Pontavice
Klaus Sergio Pablos, Jinko Gotoh & Marisa Román
Missing Link Chris Butler, Arianne Sutner & Travis Knight

2020s[edit]

Year Film Nominees
2020
(93rd)
[52]
Soul Pete Docter & Dana Murray
Onward Dan Scanlon & Kori Rae
Over the Moon Glen Keane, Gennie Rim & Peilin Chou
A Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmageddon Richard Phelan, Will Becher & Paul Kewley
Wolfwalkers Tomm Moore, Ross Stewart, Paul Young & Stéphan Roelants
2021
(94th)
[53]
Encanto Jared Bush, Byron Howard, Yvett Merino & Clark Spencer
Flee Jonas Poher Rasmussen, Monica Hellström, Signe Byrge Sørensen & Charlotte de la Gournerie
Luca Enrico Casarosa & Andrea Warren
The Mitchells vs. the Machines Mike Rianda, Phil Lord, Christopher Miller & Kurt Albrecht
Raya and the Last Dragon Don Hall, Carlos López Estrada, Osnat Shurer & Peter Del Vecho
2022
(95th)
[54]
Guillermo del Toro’s Pinocchio Guillermo del Toro, Mark Gustafson, Gary Ungar & Alex Bulkley
Marcel the Shell with Shoes On Dean Fleischer Camp, Elisabeth Holm, Andrew Goldman, Caroline Kaplan & Paul Mezey
Puss in Boots: The Last Wish Joel Crawford & Mark Swift
The Sea Beast Chris Williams & Jed Schlanger
Turning Red Domee Shi & Lindsey Collins

Multiple wins[edit]

3 wins
2 wins

Multiple nominations[edit]

Franchises[edit]

Multiple wins[edit]

2 wins

Multiple nominations[edit]

Studios with multiple nominations[edit]

Studio Wins Nominations Films
Pixar 11 17 Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Cars, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up, Toy Story 3, Brave, Inside Out, Coco, Incredibles 2, Toy Story 4, Onward, Soul, Luca, Turning Red
Walt Disney Animation Studios 4 13 Lilo & Stitch, Treasure Planet, Brother Bear, Bolt, The Princess and the Frog, Wreck-It Ralph, Frozen, Big Hero 6, Zootopia, Moana, Ralph Breaks the Internet, Raya and the Last Dragon, Encanto
DreamWorks Animation 2 14 Shrek, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron, Shrek 2, Shark Tale, Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit,[a]Kung Fu Panda, How to Train Your Dragon, Kung Fu Panda 2, Puss in Boots, The Croods, How to Train Your Dragon 2, The Boss Baby, How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, Puss in Boots: The Last Wish
Studio Ghibli 1 6 Spirited Away, Howl’s Moving Castle, The Wind Rises, The Tale of the Princess Kaguya, When Marnie Was There, The Red Turtle
Aardman 4 Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit,[a]The Pirates! Band of Misfits,[b]Shaun the Sheep Movie, A Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmageddon
Sony Surf’s Up, The Pirates! Band of Misfits,[b]Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, The Mitchells vs. the Machines
Netflix Klaus, Over the Moon, The Sea Beast, Guillermo del Toro’s Pinocchio
Nickelodeon 2 Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, Rango
Laika 0 6 Corpse Bride,[c]Coraline, ParaNorman, The Boxtrolls, Kubo and the Two Strings, Missing Link
Cartoon Saloon 4 The Secret of Kells,[d]Song of the Sea, The Breadwinner, Wolfwalkers
Les Armateurs 3 The Triplets of Belleville, The Secret of Kells,[d]Ernest & Celestine
Blue Sky 2 Ice Age, Ferdinand
Tim Burton Corpse Bride,[c]Frankenweenie
American Empirical Fantastic Mr. Fox, Isle of Dogs

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Co-production between Aardman Animations and DreamWorks Animation
  2. ^ a b Co-production between Aardman Animations and Sony Pictures Animation
  3. ^ a b Co-production between Laika and Tim Burton Productions
  4. ^ a b Co-production between Cartoon Saloon and Les Armateurs

Milestones[edit]

Studios and films[edit]

  • Pixar has the most wins with eleven and the most nominations of any studio with seventeen.
    • They won the award in four consecutive years from 2007 to 2010.
  • Laika has the most nominations without a win, with six films.
  • Almost all the winners have been computer-animated; Spirited Away is the only Japanese, hand-drawn and non-English language animated film to win the category, and Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit and Guillermo Del Toro’s Pinocchio are the only stop motion animated films to win.
  • Toy Story is the only franchise with multiple wins due to its third and fourth films.
  • Shrek (with one win) is the most-nominated franchise with four films.
  • Of the eleven adult animated films nominated, eight of them —The Triplets of Belleville, Persepolis, The Wind Rises, My Life as a Courgette, The Breadwinner, Loving Vincent, Isle of Dogs and Flee were each rated PG-13, Anomalisa is the only R-rated animated film to be nominated in this category, and Chico and Rita and I Lost My Body were not rated by the MPAA. No adult animated films has yet won.
  • There have been years when multiple animated films from the same studio were nominated. They are:
  • Up and Toy Story 3 are the first two films to have won both Best Animated Feature and to have received Best Picture nominations. Their nominations after the Academy expanded the potential number of nominees for Best Picture from five to ten.
  • Shrek is the only non-Disney/Pixar animated film to be nominated for a screenwriting category, Best Adapted Screenplay, while winning the inaugural Best Animated Feature category.[56][57]
  • As of 2023, Shrek and WALL-E are the only winners that are inducted in the National Film Registry.[58][59]
  • Studio Ghibli (Japan) and Aardman (UK) have the most wins for a non-US studio with one win each.
  • Studio Ghibli has the most nominations for a non-US studio with six films (winning one with Spirited Away).
  • Flee has the most nominations (3) for both an adult animated and documentary film, and was the first film to be nominated in the categories of Best Animated Feature, Best International Feature Film and Best Documentary Feature simultaneously.[60]
  • Two motion capture-related computer-animated films were nominated before a rule change in 2010 disqualified such films: Monster House and Happy Feet (the latter won the award).

People[edit]

  • In 2013, Brenda Chapman was the first woman to win.
  • In 2019, Peter Ramsey was the first African-American to win.
  • In 2023, Guillermo del Toro was the first filmmaker, as well as the first Latin, to win both Best Director/Best Picture and Best Animated Feature at different films, for his work of The Shape of Water and Pinocchio.[61]
  • Pete Docter has the most wins and nominations of any individual, winning three awards for Up, Inside Out and Soul. His first nomination was for Monsters, Inc.
  • Dean DeBlois (Canada) has the most nominations for a non-US individual with three films.
  • Hayao Miyazaki (Japan), Nick Park & Steve Box (both UK), George Miller (Australia), and Yvett Merino & Guillermo del Toro (both Mexico)[62] have the most wins for non-US individuals with one film each.
  • Ron Clements, Dean DeBlois, Travis Knight, Tomm Moore, and Chris Sanders are tied for receiving the most nominations without winning, with three each.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  59. ^ National Film Registry Adds 25 New Films, Including ‘Return of the Jedi’ – The New York Times
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External links[edit]