[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/arnoux-system-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/arnoux-system-wikipedia\/","headline":"Arnoux system – Wikipedia","name":"Arnoux system – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Diagram of the Arnoux System The Arnoux system is a train articulation system, for turning on railroad tracks, invented","datePublished":"2017-09-07","dateModified":"2017-09-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/CheminDeFer-SchSystemeArnoux.gif\/400px-CheminDeFer-SchSystemeArnoux.gif","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/CheminDeFer-SchSystemeArnoux.gif\/400px-CheminDeFer-SchSystemeArnoux.gif","height":"225","width":"400"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/arnoux-system-wikipedia\/","wordCount":1570,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4  Diagram of the Arnoux SystemThe Arnoux system is a train articulation system, for turning on railroad tracks, invented by Jean-Claude-R\u00e9publicain Arnoux and patented in France in 1838. Arnoux was the chief engineer of the Ligne de Sceaux which was originally built with very tight radii in the area around Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine.With the support of the French Academy of Sciences, Arnoux devised a new articulation system that allowed train wheels to turn, the syst\u00e8me ferroviaire dit Arnoux (“Arnoux rail system”), and the Ligne de Sceaux was built to test his prototypes. The line started commercial use in 1846. But the operating cost and the use of a broad gauge  of 1,750\u00a0mm (5\u00a0ft\u00a08+7\u20448\u00a0in) meant it was not taken up more widely. Invention of the bogie made it redundant. It was abandoned entirely by 1893.Table of ContentsProblem[edit]Proposed solution[edit]Patent application[edit]Practical application[edit]Trials and the Grand Prix de l’Institut[edit]Concession & opening of the Ligne de Sceaux[edit]Alternatives[edit]Abandonment[edit]See also[edit]Sources[edit]References[edit]Problem[edit]When steam railways were in their infancy, trains comprised a steam locomotive and one or more  railway carriages with two fixed axles. As speeds increased, this design caused significant wear to the track and instability in the track ballast.Proposed solution[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4To ameliorate these faults, Arnoux proposed a system of essieux articul\u00e9s (“Articulated axles”) whereby the yaw angle of the wheels was reduced essentially to zero. Arnoux adapted the system used on horse-carts, which pivoted each axle at its centre, to be applied equally over the two axles together.Arnoux devised a system of chains and pulleys so that each of the wheels’ correctly adjusted in yaw through the curve: as soon as the leading axle started to turn, all other axles would also turn by the same amount. Actually, this was a fatal design flaw since in a long train not all carriages are on the same part of the curve. A compromise was to use pulleys of different diameters, with guide wheels on the locomotive to control their motion. Also, using a broad gauge of 1,750\u00a0mm (5\u00a0ft\u00a08+7\u20448\u00a0in) was expected to give greater stability.This system was not suitable for steam locomotives so Arnoux invented a separate system for them.  The locomotives had a 2-4-2 wheel arrangement and the driving wheels were flangeless. The carrying wheels were arranged to pivot and were controlled by near-horizontal guide wheels.[1]Patent application[edit]Arnoux applied for his patent, number 8342, on 28 March 1838.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Practical application[edit]Trials and the Grand Prix de l’Institut[edit]Trials took place at Saint-Mand\u00e9 between 1839 and 1840 in a 1\u00a0km (0.62\u00a0mi) circuit constructed by Alexis Dulong. These trials successfully demonstrated the stability and safety of the system. Public bodies, the Duke of Aumale and numerous members of the French Academy of Sciences,[2] including Fran\u00e7ois Arago. All unanimously praised the system.After this experience, Arnoux was awarded the Grand Prix de M\u00e9canique (“Grand Prize for Mechanical Engineering”) by the Institute.[2]Concession & opening of the Ligne de Sceaux[edit]  Syst\u00e8me Arnoux train at terminusAt the suggestion of Fran\u00e7ois Arago, the Arnoux system was implemented on the Ligne de Sceaux from Paris to Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine. On 5 September 1844, Arnoux and the Minister of Public Works signed a contract to build and operate the line.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The line began service in 1846, starting from the Barri\u00e8re d’enfer (“Hell’s Gate”) (see Gare de Denfert-Rochereau) with a curved passenger building of 25-metre (82\u00a0ft) radius on a balloon loop to allow trains to reverse direction. The route then had its first stop at Arcueil, then Bourg-la-Reine on a 30-metre (98\u00a0ft) radius curve. The incline towards Sceaux was straight until the station at Fontenay-aux-Roses, then had a succession of curves at 63,-70-and-50-metre radii (207,\u00a0230 and 164\u00a0ft); the gradient was up to 11\u00a0mm\/m (1.1%, 1:91), which was significant. All together the line was 10.5\u00a0km (6.5\u00a0mi) long.Alternatives[edit]In fact, the problem was solved by the bogie, which was invented in the USA shortly after opening, but this was unknown in Europe at the time.The Arnoux system bears some similarity to Cleminson’s patent system. Both are designed to keep the axles radial to the curvature of the track.Talgo utilise independent wheels mounted in a “rodal” between cars. Linkage rods keep the “rodal” aligned tangentially with the track. Like Arnoux, this system originally utilised (Iberian) broad gauge tracks, but recent versions are used on standard gauge or utilise variable gauge.Current research may redeem the Arnoux system by replacing its mechanical steering linkages with modern electronic systems. The most promising approach places independent traction motors in each wheel which not only propel the vehicle but also steer the individual wheelset by means of torque vectoring which promises reduced weight and complexity over current bogies whilst also reducing wear on both train and track.[3][4] Examples include Actiwheel and their proposed running gear for theNext Generation Train.Abandonment[edit]Use of the Arnoux System from Paris to Limours was abandoned in 1883 during negotiations with the government and the Compagnie du Chemin de Fer d’Orl\u00e9ans \u00e0 Rouen for construction of new lines. and the Ligne de Sceaux was the only one built to its design, with its unusual track gauge and specific construction of carriages and locomotives. The track was replaced overnight with standard gauge in May 1891.See also[edit]Sources[edit]References[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/arnoux-system-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Arnoux system – Wikipedia"}}]}]