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[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/committee-to-end-pay-toilets-in-america\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/committee-to-end-pay-toilets-in-america\/","headline":"Committee to End Pay Toilets in America","name":"Committee to End Pay Toilets in America","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Organization founded in 1970 to abolish the pay toilet. Committee to End Pay Toilets in","datePublished":"2018-06-17","dateModified":"2018-06-17","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/CEPITA_LOGO.svg\/220px-CEPITA_LOGO.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/CEPITA_LOGO.svg\/220px-CEPITA_LOGO.svg.png","height":"273","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/committee-to-end-pay-toilets-in-america\/","wordCount":2596,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Organization founded in 1970 to abolish the pay toilet.Committee to End Pay Toilets in AmericaFounded1970; 53\u00a0years ago\u00a0(1970) The Committee to End Pay Toilets in America, or CEPTIA, was a 1970s grass-roots political organization which was one of the main forces behind the elimination of pay toilets in many American cities and states. Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Achievements[edit]Criticism[edit]References[edit]History[edit]When a man’s or woman’s natural body functions are restricted because he or she doesn’t have a piece of change, there is no true freedom.Ira Gessel, [1]Founded in 1970 by then-nineteen-year-old Ira Gessel, the Committee’s purpose was to “eliminate pay toilets in the U.S. through legislation and public pressure.”[1][2][3] Starting a national crusade to cast away coin-operated commodes, Gessel told newsmen, “You can have a fifty-dollar bill, but if you don’t have a dime, that metal box is between you and relief.”[4] Membership in the organization cost only $0.25, and members received the Committee’s newsletter, the Free Toilet Paper. Headquartered in Dayton, Ohio, USA, the group had as many as 1,500 members, in seven chapters.[1]The group also sponsored the Thomas Crapper Memorial Award, which was given to “the person who has made an outstanding contribution to the cause of CEPTIA and free toilets.”[1]In 1973, Chicago became the first American city to act when the city council voted 37\u20138 in support of a ban on pay toilets in that city. According to at least one source, this was “… a direct response, evidently,” to CEPTIA.[4][5][6]Achievements[edit]According to The Wall Street Journal, there were, in 1974, at least 50,000 pay toilets in America, mostly made by the Nik-O-Lok Company. Despite this flourishing commerce, CEPTIA was successful over the next few years in obtaining bans in New York, New Jersey, Minnesota, California, Florida, and Ohio.[7] Lobbying was so successful that by June 1976, twelve states had enacted bans and the group announced that it was disbanding, declaring its mission mostly achieved.[8]Criticism[edit]While CEPTIA’s campaign was successful in largely eliminating pay toilets in the United States, critics charge that the result was not a flourishing of free public toilets, but rather many fewer public toilets of any sort than in other countries that did not see a movement against pay toilets.[9][10] In recent years, commentators have called for a reconsideration of the pay toilet bans in the hope of making public toilets more widely available.[11]References[edit]^ a b c d Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving (1975). The People’s Almanac. Doubleday and Company, Inc. p.\u00a01256. ISBN\u00a00-385-04186-1.^ Franckling, Kenneth (August 21, 1974). “Ban on pay toilets disputed”. The Dispatch.^ Geringer, Dan (May 2, 1972). “A New Kind of Protest”. The Palm Beach Post. pp.\u00a0B1, B3.^ a b Felton, Bruce; Fowler, Mark (1994). The Best, Worst, & Most Unusual. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p.\u00a0262. ISBN\u00a0978-0-88365-861-1.^ Wiggins, Ron (August 2, 1973). “Comfort-For-Pay Being Flushed Out”. Evening Independent.^ “Group Seeks To End Pay Toilets: And It Has Had Some Success Already”. Sarasota Journal. July 25, 1973.^ “Clinched fist rising from commodes ends”. Hamilton. August 19, 1976: B\u20136. ^ Dunphy, Robert J. (June 20, 1976). “Notes: Pay Toilets”. The New York Times.^ Gordon, Aaron (September 17, 2014). “Why Don’t We Have Pay Toilets in America?”. Pacific Standard.^ Yuko, Elizabeth (November 5, 2021). “Where Did All the Public Bathrooms Go?”. Bloomberg CityLab.^ House, Sophie (November 19, 2018). “Pay Toilets Are Illegal in Much of the U.S. They Shouldn’t Be”. Bloomberg CityLab."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/committee-to-end-pay-toilets-in-america\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Committee to End Pay Toilets in America"}}]}]