List of chairs of the National Museum of Natural History (France)

Posted on by

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is a list persons who have held the chairs of the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle. The number of chaired positions, and their subject areas, have evolved since the creation of the original twelve chairs, some being subdivided into two positions and others removed. (Titles translated)

  • Animal Anatomy
  • Human Anatomy
    • 1793 to 1832: Antoine Portal
    • 1832 to 1838: Pierre Flourens. This chair was renamed Anatomy and Natural History of Man.
      • Anatomy and Natural History of Man
  • Comparative Physiology
  • Chemistry
    • 1779 to 1793: Antoine-Louis Brongniart
    • 1804 to 1830: Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin
    • 1830 to 1850: Michel Eugène Chevreul. This chair was renamed Chemistry as Applied to Organic Compounds (Organic Chemistry).
      • Chemistry as Applied to Organic Compounds
      • 1850 to 1889: Michel Eugène Chevreul
        • 1890 to 1915: Léon-Albert Arnaud
        • 1915 to 1919: unknown
        • 1919 to 1925: Louis-Jacques Simon
        • 1926 to 1927: unknown
        • 1928 to 1936: Richard Fosse. This chair joined with the chair of botany to become the chair of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Plants.
          • Organic and Physical Chemistry of Plants
            • 1936 to 1940: Richard Fosse
            • 1941: unknown. This chair was renamed Chemistry as Applied to Organic Compounds.
              • Chemistry as Applied to Organic Compounds
  • General Chemistry
  • Plants in the Countryside (literal translation)
  • Botany in the Museum
    • 1793 to 1833: René Desfontaines
    • 1833 to 1857: Adolphe Brongniart. This chair was renamed Botany and Plant Physiology.
      • Botany and Plant Physiology
        • 1857 to 1874: Adolphe Brongniart. This chair was renamed Botany, Organology and Plant Physiology.
          • Botany, Organology and Plant Physiology
            • 1874 to 1876: Adolphe Brongniart
            • 1876 to 1879: unknown
            • 1879 to 1914: Philippe Van Tieghem
            • 1914 to 1918: unknown
            • 1919 to 1932: Julien Noël Costantin
            • 1933: unknown. This chair was renamed Comparative Anatomy of Current Plants and Fossils and was removed in 1934. It was restored in 1937.
              • Comparative Anatomy of Current Plants and Fossils
      • Plant Physics
  • Botany (Classification and Natural Families)
    • 1874 to 1905: Édouard Bureau. After the creation of the chair of Botany (Classification and Natural Families of Cryptogams), this chair was reduced to the Phanerogams (Spermatophytes).
      • Botany (Classification and Natural Families of Phanerogams
      • Botany (Classification and Natural Families of Cryptogams
  • Horticulture (Agriculture and Culture of Gardens, Vineyards and Orchards)
  • Ecology and the Protection of Nature
  • Zoology (Quadrupeds, Cetacea, Birds, Reptiles, Fish)
    • 1793 to 1794: Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. This chair was subdivided into two chairs:
      • Zoology (Mammals and Birds)
      • Zoology (Reptiles and Fish)
        • 1795 to 1825: Bernard Germain Étienne de Laville-sur-Illon, comte de Lacépède. (N.b. 1825 is the year of Lacépède’s death, but actually Duméril replaced him in the chair of zoology as early as 1803 because Lacépède, who was occupied with his political appointments, relinquished his professorship.
        • 1825 to 1857: André Marie Constant Duméril
        • 1857 to 1870: Auguste Duméril
        • 1870 to 1875: Émile Blanchard (who held the chair during a period of transition)
        • 1875 to 1909: Léon Vaillant
        • 1910 to 1937: Louis Roule
        • 1937 to 1943: Jacques Pellegrin
        • 1944 to 1956: Léon Bertin
        • 1957 to 1975: Jean Guibé. This chair was subdivided: The fish were transferred to the chair of Dynamics of Aquatic Populations and became the chair of General and Applied Ichthyology. This chair was then renamed Zoology (Reptiles and Amphibians).
          • Zoology (Reptiles and Amphibians)
          • Dynamics of Aquatic Populations
            • 1975: Jacques Daget. This chair was renamed General and Applied Ichthyology.
              • General and Applied Ichthyology
                • 1976 to 1984: Jacques Daget
                • 1985 to 2001: Marie-Louise Bauchot (de facto in office although not officially recognised)

Zoology (Insects, Worms and Microscopic Animals) [1]

    • 1793 to 1829: Jean-Baptist de Lamarck. With his death, this chair was subdivided into two chairs:
      • Natural History of Shellfish, Arachnids and the Insects or Articulated Animals
      • Natural History of Mollusks, Worms and Zoophytes
      • Zoology (Worms and Crustaceans)
        • 1917 to 1937: Charles Gravier
        • 1938 to 1954: Louis Fage
        • 1955 to 1955: Max Vachon. The worms were separated from the arthropods. The chair of Zoology (Arthropods) was then created.
          • Zoology (Worms)
          • Zoology (Arthropods)
  • Entomology of Colonial Agriculture
    • 1942 to 1958 Paul Vayssière. This chair was then renamed Entomology of Tropical Agriculture.
      • Entomology of Tropical Agriculture
        • 1958 to 1960 Paul Vayssière. This chair was then removed.
  • Mineralogy
  • Geology
  • Physics as Applied to the Natural Sciences
  • Natural Iconography or the Art of Drawing and Painting all the Things of Nature

References[edit]

  1. ^ See: Jean Lhoste (1987), French entomologists (1750-1950). Editions INRA/OPIE. (In French)
  • Jean Dorst (dir.), Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 253 p., Fernand Nathan, Paris, 1980, ISBN 2-09-290195-8
  • Yves Laissus, Le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Gallimard, Paris, 1995
  • Stéphane Déligeorges, Alexandre Gady et Françoise Labalette, Le Jardin des Plantes et le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Monum, Paris, 2004, 64 p, ISBN 2-85822-601-6
  • Annuaire et sites du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 40 p., MNHN, Paris, rééditions décennales.