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    (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Nominal amount lostUSD FX rate at time of loss[2]USD equivalent at time of lossUSD inflation to 2007[3]2007 USD Amount LostCountryCompanySource of LossYearPerson(s) associated with incidentAUD 37 bn[4][5][6]0.7USD 26 bnUSD 26 bnAustraliaReserve Bank of AustraliaBonds2022Philip LoweUSD 15 bn1USD 15 bn-32%USD 10.3 bn\u00a0United StatesSilicon Valley Bank[7]Bonds2023USD 15 bn1USD 15 bn[citation needed]\u00a0United StatesFTXCryptocurrencies2022Sam Bankman-Fried, Caroline EllisonUSD 10 bn1USD 10 bn-19.4%USD 8.06 bn\u00a0United StatesArchegos Capital Management[8]Total return swaps2021Bill HwangUSD 9 bn1USD 9 bn\u22123.7%USD 8.67 bn\u00a0United StatesMorgan Stanley[9]Credit Default Swaps2008Howie HublerUSD 9 bn1USD 9 bn\u22127.0%USD 8.37 bn\u00a0United KingdomJPMorgan Chase[10]Credit Default Swaps2012Bruno IksilUSD 8 bn1USD 8 bn\u221212.3%USD 7.01 bn\u00a0ChinaTsingshan Holding Group[11]Short positions on nickel2022USD 6.12 (EUR 4.9) bn0.679USD 7.22 bn\u22123.7%USD 6.95 bn\u00a0FranceSoci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale[12]European Index Futures2008J\u00e9r\u00f4me KervielUSD 6.5 bn1USD 6.50 bn2.8%USD 6.69 bn\u00a0United StatesAmaranth Advisors[13]Gas Futures2006Brian HunterUSD 4.6 bn1USD 4.6 bn27.2%USD 5.85 bn\u00a0United StatesLong Term Capital Management[14]Bond Arbitrage1998John MeriwetherEUR 4 bnUSD 4 bn\u00a0NetherlandsPFZW[15]Oil futures2020USD 4.5 bn1USD 4.5 bn-19.4%USD 3.6 bn\u00a0United StatesMelvin Capital[16]Short positions on Gamestop and other US equities2021Gabriel PlotkinUSD 4.1 bn1USD 4.1 bn-14.9%USD 3.49 bn\u00a0United StatesPershing Square[17]Valeant Pharmaceuticals2015-2017Bill AckmanJPY 285 bn108.78USD 2.62 bn32.1%USD 3.46 bn\u00a0JapanSumitomo Corporation[18]Copper Futures1996Yasuo HamanakaBRL 4.62 bn1.833USD 2.52 bn\u22123.7%USD 2.43 bn\u00a0BrazilAracruz[19][20]FX Options2008Isac Zagury, Rafael SoteroUSD 2.4 bnUSD 2.4 bn\u00a0United StatesSemGroup[21]Oil Futures2008USD 1.7 bn[22]1USD 1.7 bn39.9%USD 2.38 bn\u00a0United StatesOrange County[23]Leveraged bond investments1994Robert CitronDEM 2.63 bn1.655USD 1.59 bn43.5%USD 2.28 bn\u00a0GermanyMetallgesellschaft[24]Oil Futures1993Heinz Schimmelbusch[25]JPY 166 bn111.08USD 1.49 bn43.5%USD 2.14 bn\u00a0JapanShowa Shell Sekiyu[26][27]FX Forwards1993JPY 153.6 bn102.18USD 1.50 bn39.9%USD 2.09 bn\u00a0JapanKashima Oil[27]FX Forwards1994USD 2 bnUSD 2 bn\u00a0United StatesTiger Management[28]Shorting Japanese yen1998USD 2 bn1USD 2 bn\u22128.5%USD 1.83 bn\u00a0United KingdomUBS[29]Equities ETF and Delta 12011Kweku AdoboliHKD 14.7 bn7.786USD 1.89 bn\u22123.7%USD 1.82 bn\u00a0ChinaCITIC Pacific[30]Foreign Exchange Trading2008Frances YungGBP 827 mn0.633USD 1.31 bn36.1%USD 1.78 bn\u00a0SingaporeBarings Bank[31]Nikkei Futures1995Nick LeesonRUB 78.5 bn38.98USD 2.01 bn\u221212.6%USD 1.76 bn\u00a0RussiaTransneft[32][33][34][35]Derivatives2014Maksim Grishanin, VP FinanceUSD 1.8 bn1USD 1.8 bn\u22123.7%USD 1.74 bn\u00a0United StatesDeutsche Bank[36]Derivatives2008Boaz WeinsteinUSD 1.6 bnUSD 1.6 bn\u00a0United StatesIcahn Enterprises[37]Hertz2020Carl IcahnJPY 130 bnUSD 1.6 bn\u00a0JapanAIJ Investment Advisors[38]Volatility options2012Kazuhiko AsakawaUSD 1.75 (EUR 1.4) bn0.923USD 1.29 bn [39]20.4%USD 1.56 bn\u00a0AustriaBAWAG[40]Foreign Exchange Trading2000 [39]Wolfgang Fl\u00f6ttl, Helmut Elsner[40]USD 1.1 bn1USD 1.10 bn36.1%USD 1.50 bn\u00a0JapanDaiwa Bank[41]Bonds1995Toshihide IguchiUSD 0.80 bn1USD 0.80 bn82.5%USD 1.46 bn\u00a0United KingdomSoros Fund[42]SP 500 Futures1987George SorosUSD 1 bn1USD 1 bn252.5%USD 2.52 bn\u00a0United StatesHunt BrothersSilver1980William Hunt, Nelson HuntUSD 0.94 (EUR 0.75) bn0.679USD 1.10 bn\u22123.7%USD 1.06 bn\u00a0FranceGroupe Caisse d’Epargne[43][44]Derivatives2008Boris Picano-NacciBRL 2 bn1.833USD 1.09 bn\u22123.7%USD 1.05 bn\u00a0BrazilSadia[19][20][45]FX and Credit Options2008Adriano Ferreira, \u00c1lvaro BallejoEUR 0.730 bnUSD 1 bn\u2248USD 1 bn\u2248\u00a0ItalyMonte dei Paschi di Siena[46]Synthetic CDOs, Credit Default Swaps on Italian government bonds, equity swaps on Intesa Sanpaolo shares[47]2005-2009GBP 0.4 bn0.611USD 0.66 bn29.2%USD 0.85 bn\u00a0United KingdomMorgan Grenfell[48]Shares1997Peter YoungUSD 0.6 bn1USD 0.60 bn39.9%USD 0.84 bn\u00a0United StatesAskin Capital Management[49]Mortgage-Backed Securities1994David AskinUSD 0.75 (EUR 0.60) bn1.371USD 0.82 bn0.0USD 0.82 bn\u00a0GermanyWestLB[50]Common and Preferred Shares2007Friedhelm Breuers[51]USD 0.69 bn1USD 0.69 bn15.3%USD 0.80 bn\u00a0United StatesAIB\/Allfirst[52]Foreign Exchange Options2002John RusnakS$1.13 bnUSD 0.80 bn\u00a0SingaporeHin Leong TradingOil2020DEM 0.47 bn2.587USD 0.18 bn320.6%USD 0.76 bn\u00a0GermanyHerstatt Bank[53][54]Foreign Exchange Trading1974Dany DattelUSD 0.77 bnUSD 0.77 bn\u00a0United StatesArkansas Teacher Retirement System[55]volatility-trading fund2020USD 0.68 bn0%USD 0.68 bn\u00a0ChinaUnipecOil2018[56][57]USD 0.65 bn\u00a0United StatesQuantum FundJapanese Yen Shorting1994Stanley Druckenmiller[58]CAD 0.68 bn1.066USD 0.64 bn0%USD 0.64 bn\u00a0CanadaBank of Montreal[59][60]Natural gas derivatives2007David Lee, Kevin Cassidy [61][62]USD 0.6 bn\u00a0United StatesQuantum FundShort IT stocks during the internet bubble1999Stanley Druckenmiller[58]USD 0.55 bn1USD 0.55 bn9.8%USD 0.60 bn\u00a0ChinaChina Aviation Oil (Singapore)[63]Oil Futures and Options2004Chen JiulinUSD 0.57 bn\u00a0ChinaCOSCO Shipping[64]Freight derivatives2008CHF 0.63 bn1.451USD 0.43 bn27.2%USD 0.55 bn\u00a0SwitzerlandUnion Bank of Switzerland[65]Equity Derivatives1998Ramy GoldsteinUSD 0.52 bnUSD 0.52 bn\u00a0United StatesState Teachers Retirement System of Ohio[66]Panda Power Funds2011-2021USD 0.44 bn1USD 0.44 bn82.5%USD 0.44 bn\u00a0United StatesKnight Capital GroupEquities2012Thomas JoyceUSD 0.28 bn1USD 0.28 bn82.5%USD 0.51 bn\u00a0United StatesMerrill Lynch[67]Mortgages (IOs and POs) Trading1987Howard A. RubinUSD 0.28 bn1USD 0.28 bn82.5%USD 0.51 bn\u00a0United StatesState of West Virginia[68]Fixed Income and Interest Rate Derivatives1987A. James ManchinUSD 0.35 bn1USD 0.35 bn39.9%USD 0.49 bn\u00a0United StatesKidder Peabody[69]Government Bonds1994Joseph JettUSD 0.4 bn1USD 0.40 bn20.4%USD 0.48 bn\u00a0United StatesManhattan Investment Fund[70]Short IT stocks during the internet bubble2000Michael BergerUSD 0.37 (EUR 0.30) bn1.244USD 0.37 bn9.8%USD 0.41 bn\u00a0AustriaHypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International[71]Foreign Exchange Trading20041USD 0.4 bn\u00a0United StatesPershing Square[72]Netflix2022Bill AckmanUSD 0.35 bn1USD 0.35 bn0.0%USD 0.35 bn\u00a0United StatesCalyon[73]Credit Derivatives2007Richard “Chip” BierbaumUSD 0.36 bn1USD 0.36 bn0.0%USD 0.36 bn\u00a0SingaporePetro-Diamond Singapore[74][75][76]Oil derivatives2019Wang Xingchen, Jack[77]AUD 0.36 bn1.171USD 0.31 bn9.8%USD 0.34 bn\u00a0AustraliaNational Australia Bank[78]Foreign Exchange Trading2004Luke Duffy, Gianni Gray, Vince Ficarra & David Bullen[79]JPY 28.6 bnUSD 0.34 bn\u00a0JapanTateho Chemical IndustriesBond futures1987[80]JPY 32 bnUSD 0.34 bn\u00a0JapanTokyo SecuritiesBond futures1994[80]USD 0.078 bn1USD 0.078 bn320.4%USD 0.328 bn\u00a0SwitzerlandLloyds Bank[81]Foreign Exchange Trading1974Marc ColomboUSD 0.37 (EUR 0.30) bn0.895USD 0.27 bn17.1%USD 0.31 bn\u00a0BelgiumDexia Bank[82]Corporate Bonds2001USD 0.296 bn (EUR 0.26) bn1.11USD 0.296 bn-1%USD 0.296 bn\u00a0Hong KongNatixis[83]Equities Derivatives2018USD 0.25 bn+1USD 0.25 bn+\u00a0United StatesParplus Partners[84]CBOE Volatility Index futures and options2020Jim CarneyUSD 0.225 bn1USD 0.225 bn43.5%USD 0.30 bn\u00a0United StatesFXCM[85]Foreign exchange2015USD 0.207 bn1USD 0.207 bn43.5%USD 0.30 bn\u00a0ChileCodelco[86]Copper, silver, gold futures1993Juan Pablo DavilaEUR 0.1601.1USD 0.176 bn0%USD 0.176bn\u00a0GermanyBNP Paribas ArbitrageStructured products2016Armin S.[87]JPY 11.5 bnUSD 0.28 bn\u00a0Japan\/\u00a0United StatesFuji Bank New York Branch[80]Foreign exchange trading1984USD 0.28 bn\u00a0United KingdomAllied-Lyons[88]FX derivatives1991USD 0.28 bn1USD 0.28 bn\u00a0United StatesRaytheon Technologies Corporation Pension Administration and Investment Committee[89]volatility-trading fund2020JPY 9.7 bnUSD 0.24 bn\u00a0Japan\/\u00a0SingaporeDai-Ichi Kangyo Bank Singapore BranchForeign exchange trading1982Haruo Kanda[80]JPY 22.9 bnUSD 0.23 bn\u00a0JapanNanzan Gakuen[90]Equity derivatives2008USD 0.16 bn1USD 0.16 bn39.9%USD 0.22 bn\u00a0United StatesProcter & Gamble[91]Interest rate derivatives1994Raymond MainsUSD 0.04 bn1USD 0.04 bn433.8%USD 0.214 bn\u00a0SwitzerlandUnited California Bank of Basel[92]Cocoa futures1970Paul ErdmanUSD 0.2 bn1USD 0.20 bn6.2%USD 0.21 bn\u00a0ChinaState Reserves Bureau Copper Scandal[93]Copper Futures2005Liu Qibing[94]HKD 1.38 bnUSD 0.17 bn\u00a0Hong KongChinese Estates[95]Evergrande2021GBP 0.09 bn0.611USD 0.15 bn29.2%USD 0.19 bn\u00a0United KingdomNatWest[96]Interest Rate Options1997Kyriacos PapouisUSD 0.039 bn1USD 0.039 bn320.4%USD 0.164 bn\u00a0United StatesFranklin National Bank[97]Foreign Exchange Trading1974Peter ShaddickUSD 0.11 bn1USD 0.11 bn39.9%USD 0.15 bn\u00a0United StatesCuyahoga County, Ohio[98]Leveraged Fixed Income1994JPY 15.4 bnUSD 0.15 bn\u00a0JapanKomazawa Gakuen[99]Currency Derivatives2008SEK 1.23 bn7.804USD 0.15 bn\u22124.8%USD 0.143 bn\u00a0SwedenHQ Bank[100]Equity Derivatives2010Fredrik Crafoord, Mikael K\u00f6nig, Patrik EmbladUSD 0.15 bnUSD 0.15 bn\u00a0United StatesOptionSellers.com[101]commodity trading2018James S. CordierJPY 13.9 bnUSD 0.14 bn\u00a0JapanNippon Steel ChemicalBond futures1993[80]USD 0.14 bn1USD 0.14 bn\u22123.7%USD 0.13 bn\u00a0United StatesMF Global[102]Wheat Futures2008Evan DooleyN\/AUSD 0.13 bn\u00a0Japanself-portfolioBitcoin2017-2018Masayoshi Son[103]USD 0.120 bn1USD 0.12 bn\u22123,7%USD 0.12 bn\u00a0United StatesMorgan Stanley[104]Credit-index options2008Matt PiperUSD 0.12 (EUR 0.1) bn1USD 0.12 bn\u22121%USD 0.12 bn\u00a0NorwayEinar Aas[105]Nordpool Power Derivatives2018Einar AasJPY 11.9 bnUSD 0.12 bn\u00a0JapanNippon SansoInterest rate swap1995[80]USD 0.1 bn1USD 0.10 bn15.3%USD 0.12 bn\u00a0CroatiaRije\u010dka banka (Rijeka Bank)[106]Foreign Exchange Trading2002Eduard NodiloHKD 1 bnUSD 0.12 bn\u00a0Hong KongBlue River Holdings[107]Evergrande Vehicle2021     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki12\/list-of-trading-losses-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"List of trading losses – Wikipedia"}}]}]