Isotopes of copper – Wikipedia
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Nuclides with atomic number of 29 but with different mass numbers
Copper (29Cu) has two stable isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, along with 27 radioisotopes. The most stable radioisotope is 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours, while the least stable is 54Cu with a half-life of approximately 75 ns. Most have half-lives under a minute. Unstable copper isotopes with atomic masses below 63 tend to undergo β+ decay, while isotopes with atomic masses above 65 tend to undergo β− decay. 64Cu decays by both β+ and β−.[4]
68Cu, 69Cu, 71Cu, 72Cu, and 76Cu each have one metastable isomer. 70Cu has two isomers, making a total of 7 distinct isomers. The most stable of these is 68mCu with a half-life of 3.75 minutes. The least stable is 69mCu with a half-life of 360 ns.[4]
List of isotopes[edit]
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life | Decay mode [n 4] |
Daughter isotope [n 5] |
Spin and parity [n 6][n 7] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 7] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
52Cu | 29 | 23 | 51.99718(28)# | p | 51Ni | (3+)# | |||||||||||||
53Cu | 29 | 24 | 52.98555(28)# | <300 ns | p | 52Ni | (3/2−)# | ||||||||||||
54Cu | 29 | 25 | 53.97671(23)# | <75 ns | p | 53Ni | (3+)# | ||||||||||||
55Cu | 29 | 26 | 54.96605(32)# | 40# ms [>200 ns] | β+ | 55Ni | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
p | 54Ni | ||||||||||||||||||
56Cu | 29 | 27 | 55.95856(15)# | 93(3) ms | β+ | 56Ni | (4+) | ||||||||||||
57Cu | 29 | 28 | 56.949211(17) | 196.3(7) ms | β+ | 57Ni | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
58Cu | 29 | 29 | 57.9445385(17) | 3.204(7) s | β+ | 58Ni | 1+ | ||||||||||||
59Cu | 29 | 30 | 58.9394980(8) | 81.5(5) s | β+ | 59Ni | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
60Cu | 29 | 31 | 59.9373650(18) | 23.7(4) min | β+ | 60Ni | 2+ | ||||||||||||
61Cu | 29 | 32 | 60.9334578(11) | 3.333(5) h | β+ | 61Ni | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
62Cu | 29 | 33 | 61.932584(4) | 9.673(8) min | β+ | 62Ni | 1+ | ||||||||||||
63Cu | 29 | 34 | 62.9295975(6) | Stable | 3/2− | 0.6915(15) | 0.68983–0.69338 | ||||||||||||
64Cu | 29 | 35 | 63.9297642(6) | 12.700(2) h | β+ (61%) | 64Ni | 1+ | ||||||||||||
β− (39%) | 64Zn | ||||||||||||||||||
65Cu | 29 | 36 | 64.9277895(7) | Stable | 3/2− | 0.3085(15) | 0.30662–0.31017 | ||||||||||||
66Cu | 29 | 37 | 65.9288688(7) | 5.120(14) min | β− | 66Zn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
67Cu | 29 | 38 | 66.9277303(13) | 61.83(12) h | β− | 67Zn | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
68Cu | 29 | 39 | 67.9296109(17) | 31.1(15) s | β− | 68Zn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
68mCu | 721.6(7) keV | 3.75(5) min | IT (84%) | 68Cu | (6−) | ||||||||||||||
β− (16%) | 68Zn | ||||||||||||||||||
69Cu | 29 | 40 | 68.9294293(15) | 2.85(15) min | β− | 69Zn | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
69mCu | 2741.8(10) keV | 360(30) ns | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
70Cu | 29 | 41 | 69.9323923(17) | 44.5(2) s | β− | 70Zn | (6−) | ||||||||||||
70m1Cu | 101.1(3) keV | 33(2) s | β− | 70Zn | (3−) | ||||||||||||||
70m2Cu | 242.6(5) keV | 6.6(2) s | 1+ | ||||||||||||||||
71Cu | 29 | 42 | 70.9326768(16) | 19.4(14) s | β− | 71Zn | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
71mCu | 2756(10) keV | 271(13) ns | (19/2−) | ||||||||||||||||
72Cu | 29 | 43 | 71.9358203(15) | 6.6(1) s | β− | 72Zn | (1+) | ||||||||||||
72mCu | 270(3) keV | 1.76(3) µs | (4−) | ||||||||||||||||
73Cu | 29 | 44 | 72.936675(4) | 4.2(3) s | β− (>99.9%) | 73Zn | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (<.1%) | 72Zn | ||||||||||||||||||
74Cu | 29 | 45 | 73.939875(7) | 1.594(10) s | β− | 74Zn | (1+, 3+) | ||||||||||||
75Cu | 29 | 46 | 74.94190(105) | 1.224(3) s | β− (96.5%) | 75Zn | (3/2−)# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (3.5%) | 74Zn | ||||||||||||||||||
76Cu | 29 | 47 | 75.945275(7) | 641(6) ms | β− (97%) | 76Zn | (3, 5) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (3%) | 75Zn | ||||||||||||||||||
76mCu | 0(200)# keV | 1.27(30) s | β− | 76Zn | (1, 3) | ||||||||||||||
77Cu | 29 | 48 | 76.94785(43)# | 469(8) ms | β− | 77Zn | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
78Cu | 29 | 49 | 77.95196(43)# | 342(11) ms | β− | 78Zn | |||||||||||||
79Cu | 29 | 50 | 78.95456(54)# | 188(25) ms | β−, n (55%) | 78Zn | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β− (45%) | 79Zn | ||||||||||||||||||
80Cu | 29 | 51 | 79.96087(64)# | 100# ms [>300 ns] | β− | 80Zn | |||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mCu – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^
Modes of decay:
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Medical applications[edit]
Copper offers a relatively large number of radioisotopes that are potentially suitable for use in nuclear medicine.
There is a growing interest in the use of 64Cu, 62Cu, 61Cu, and 60Cu for diagnostic purposes and 67Cu and 64Cu for targeted radiotherapy.
For example, 64Cu has a longer half-life than most positron-emitters (12.7 hours) and is thus ideal for diagnostic PET imaging of biological molecules.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). “The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties” (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ “Standard Atomic Weights: Copper”. CIAAW. 1969.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). “Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ a b Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), “The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties”, Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729….3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- ^ Harris, M. “Clarity uses a cutting-edge imaging technique to guide drug development”. Nature Biotechnology September 2014: 34
- Isotope masses from:
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- “News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised”. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), “The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties”, Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729….3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. “NuDat 2.x database”. Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). “11. Table of the Isotopes”. In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- Application of Copper radioisotopes in Medicine (Review Paper):
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