[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/r136-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/r136-wikipedia\/","headline":"R136 &#8211; Wikipedia","name":"R136 &#8211; Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Super star cluster in the constellation Dorado, in the Large Magellanic Cloud This article is","datePublished":"2018-09-28","dateModified":"2018-09-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg\/280px-Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/25\/Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg\/280px-Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg","height":"286","width":"280"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/r136-wikipedia\/","wordCount":7439,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSuper star cluster in the constellation Dorado, in the Large Magellanic CloudThis article is about the star cluster. For the road in Dublin, see R136 road. For routes 136, see route 136.R136Right ascension05h 38m 42.396s[1]Declination\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a003.36\u2033[1]Distance157 kly (48.5 kpc)Apparent magnitude (V)9.50Mass90,000[2]\u00a0M\u2609Estimated age1.5+0.3\u22120.7 million years[2]Other designationsUCAC2 1803442, SAO 249329, HD 38268, TYC 9163-1014-1, CD-69 324, GC 7114[3]ConstellationDoradoSee also: Open cluster, List of open clustersR136 (formerly known as RMC 136 from the Radcliffe Observatory Magellanic Clouds catalogue[4]) is the central concentration of stars in the NGC 2070 star cluster, which lies at the centre of the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud.  When originally named it was an unresolved stellar object (catalogued as HD 38268 and Wolf-Rayet star Brey 82) but is now known to include 72 class O and Wolf\u2013Rayet stars within 5 parsecs (20 arc seconds) of the centre of the cluster.[5]  The extreme number and concentration of young massive stars in this part of the LMC qualifies it as a starburst region.[6]Properties[edit]R136 produces most of the energy that makes the Tarantula Nebula visible. The estimated mass of the cluster is 450,000 solar masses, suggesting it may become a globular cluster in the future.[7]  R136 has around 200 times the stellar density of a typical OB association such as Cygnus OB2.[8]  The central R136 concentration of the cluster is about 2 parsecs across, although the whole NGC 2070 cluster is much larger.[8]R136 is thought to be less than 2 million years old.[8][9]  None of the member stars is significantly evolved and none is thought to have exploded as supernova.  The brightest stars are WNh, O supergiants, and OIf\/WN slash stars, all extremely massive fully convective stars.  There are no red supergiants, blue hypergiants, or luminous blue variables within the cluster.  A small number of class B stars have been detected in the outskirts of the cluster, but less massive and less luminous stars cannot be resolved from the dense cluster core at the large distance of the LMC.[5]R136a[edit]R136a is the bright knot at the centre of R136.  It consists of eight extremely massive stars, three of them Wolf-Rayet stars and the rest early O-class stars.[2]Components[edit]The cluster contains many of the most massive and luminous stars known, including R136a1.  Within the central 5 parsecs there are 32 of the hottest type O stars (O2.0\u20133.5), 40 other O stars, and 12 Wolf-Rayet stars, mostly of the extremely luminous WNh type.  Within 150 parsecs there are a further 325 O stars and 19 Wolf-Rayet stars.[5]  Several runaway stars have been associated with R136, including VFTS 682.[10]R136 was first resolved into three components R136a, R136b, and R136c.  R136a was resolved using speckle interferometry and eventually space-based observations into as many as 24 components,[11] dominated by R136a1, R136a2, and R136a3, all three being extremely massive WNh stars several million times more luminous than the sun.[12]Basic data for the original RMC 136 a, b, and c starsNameRight ascension[5]Declination[5]V[2] (F555W)Spectral type[12]MV[13] (F555W)Temperature (K)[12][14]Luminosity (L\u2609)[12][14]Mass (M\u2609)[12][14]R136a105h 38m 42.39s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a002.91\u203312.28WN5h\u22128.1846,0004,677,000196R136a205h 38m 42.40s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a002.88\u203312.80WN5h\u22127.8050,0003,548,000151R136a305h 38m 42.33s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a003.27\u203312.97WN5h\u22127.5250,0003,631,000155R136a405h 38m 42.34s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a002.60\u203313.96O3 V((f*))(n)\u22126.6850,0001,905,000108R136a505h 38m 42.43s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a002.73\u203313.71O2I(n)f*\u22126.8648,0002,089,000116R136a605h 38m 42.29s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a003.37\u203313.35O2I(n)f*p\u22126.4652,0001,738,000105R136a705h 38m 42.41s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a002.57\u203313.97O3III(f*)\u22126.5954,0002,291,000127R136a805h 38m 42.37s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a001.9\u2033?14.42O2\u20133V[2]\u22126.05[2]49,5001,479,00096R136b05h 38m 42.74s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a003.78\u203313.24O4If\u22127.7035,5002,239,00092R136c05h 38m 42.90s\u221269\u00b0\u00a006\u2032\u00a004.83\u203312.86WN5h[15]\u22127.9[5]42,170[15]3,802,000[15]142[15]Gallery[edit]R136 observed with Hubble&#8217;s WFC3.[16]Runaway star speeding from 30 Doradus, image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.R136 in infrared (Hubble Space Telescope)See also[edit]Wikinews has related news:Hodge 301, an older massive star cluster in Tarantula Nebula.NGC 2060, a smaller open cluster near R136.References[edit]^ a b H\u00f8g, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (2000). The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Vol.\u00a0355. pp.\u00a0L27. Bibcode:2000A&#038;A&#8230;355L..27H. doi:10.1888\/0333750888\/2862. ISBN\u00a0978-0333750889.^ a b c d e f Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, S. M.; Bostroem, K. A.; Ma\u00edz Apell\u00e1niz, J.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Walborn, N. R.; Angus, C. R.; Brott, I.; Bonanos, A.; De Koter, A.; De Mink, S. E.; Evans, C. J.; Gr\u00e4fener, G.; Herrero, A.; Howarth, I. D.; Langer, N.; Lennon, D. J.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Vink, J. S. (2016). &#8220;The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope\/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II \u03bb1640 in young star clusters&#8221;. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 458 (1): 624\u2013659. arXiv:1603.04994. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458..624C. doi:10.1093\/mnras\/stw273.^ &#8220;RMC 136&#8221;. SIMBAD. Centre de donn\u00e9es astronomiques de Strasbourg.^ Feast, M. W.; Thackeray, A. D.; Wesselink, A. J. (1960). &#8220;The brightest stars in the Magellanic Clouds&#8221;. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 121 (4): 337. Bibcode:1960MNRAS.121..337F. doi:10.1093\/mnras\/121.4.337.^ a b c d e f Doran, E. I.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; Evans, C. J.; McEvoy, C.; Walborn, N. R.; Bastian, N.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Grafener, G.; Herrero, A.; Kohler, K.; Maiz Apellaniz, J.; Najarro, F.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S. (2013). &#8220;The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey &#8211; XI. A census of the hot luminous stars and their feedback in 30 Doradus&#8221;. Astronomy &#038; Astrophysics. 558: A134. arXiv:1308.3412. Bibcode:2013A&#038;A&#8230;558A.134D. doi:10.1051\/0004-6361\/201321824. S2CID\u00a0118510909.^ Brandl, B.; Sams, B. J.; Bertoldi, F.; Eckart, A.; Genzel, R.; Drapatz, S.; Hofmann, R.; Loewe, M.; Quirrenbach, A. (1996). &#8220;Adaptive Optics Near-Infrared Imaging of R136 in 30 Doradus: The Stellar Population of a Nearby Starburst&#8221;. The Astrophysical Journal. 466: 254. Bibcode:1996ApJ&#8230;466..254B. doi:10.1086\/177507.^ Bosch, Guillermo; Terlevich, Elena; Terlevich, Roberto (2009). &#8220;Gemini\/GMOS Search for Massive Binaries in the Ionizing Cluster of 30 Dor&#8221;. Astronomical Journal. 137 (2): 3437\u20133441. arXiv:0811.4748. Bibcode:2009AJ&#8230;.137.3437B. doi:10.1088\/0004-6256\/137\/2\/3437. S2CID\u00a017976455.^ a b c Massey, P.; Hunter, D. A. (1998). &#8220;Star Formation in R136: A Cluster of O3 Stars Revealed by Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy&#8220;. The Astrophysical Journal. 493 (1): 180. Bibcode:1998ApJ&#8230;493..180M. doi:10.1086\/305126.^ Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. (2010). &#8220;The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M\u2299 stellar mass limit&#8221;. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (2): 731. arXiv:1007.3284. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x. S2CID\u00a053001712.^ Banerjee, S.; Kroupa, P.; Oh, S. (2012). &#8220;Runaway Massive Stars from R136: Vfts 682 is Very Likely A &#8220;Slow Runaway&#8221;&#8220;. The Astrophysical Journal. 746 (1): 15. arXiv:1111.0291. Bibcode:2012ApJ&#8230;746&#8230;15B. doi:10.1088\/0004-637X\/746\/1\/15. S2CID\u00a0117959362.^ Campbell, B.; Hunter, D. A.; Holtzman, J. A.; Lauer, T. R.; Shayer, E. J.; Code, A.; Faber, S. M.; Groth, E. J.; Light, R. M.; Lynds, R.; O&#8217;Neil, E. J., Jr.; Westphal, J. A. (1992). &#8220;Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera images of R136&#8221; (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 104: 1721. Bibcode:1992AJ&#8230;.104.1721C. doi:10.1086\/116355.^ a b c d e Brands, S.; de Koter, A.; Bestenlehner, J.; Crowther, P.; Sundqvist, J.; Puls, J.; Caballero-Nieves, S.; Abdul-Masih, M.; Driessen, F.; Garcia, M.; Geen, S.; Gr\u00e4fener, G.; Hawcroft, C.; Kaper, L.; Keszthelyi, Z.; Langer, N.; Sana, H.; Schneider, Fabian R. N.; Shenar, T.; Vink, Jorick S. (7 April 2022). &#8220;The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope\/STIS. III. The most massive stars and their clumped winds&#8221;. Astronomy &#038; Astrophysics. 663: A36. arXiv:2202.11080. Bibcode:2022A&#038;A&#8230;663A..36B. doi:10.1051\/0004-6361\/202142742. ISSN\u00a00004-6361. S2CID\u00a0247025548.^ Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, Saida M.; Schneider, Fabian R. N.; Sim\u00f3n-D\u00edaz, Sergio; Brands, Sarah A.; De Koter, Alex; Gr\u00e4fener, G\u00f6tz; Herrero, Artemio; Langer, Norbert; Lennon, Daniel J.; Ma\u00edz Apell\u00e1niz, Jesus; Puls, Joachim; Vink, Jorick S. (2020). &#8220;The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope\/STIS. II. Physical properties of the most massive stars in R136&#8221;. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (2): 1918. arXiv:2009.05136. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.499.1918B. doi:10.1093\/mnras\/staa2801.^ a b c Kalari, Venu M.; Horch, Elliott P.; Salinas, Ricardo; Vink, Jorick S.; Andersen, Morten; Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Rubio, Monica (26 July 2022). &#8220;Resolving the Core of R136 in the Optical&#8221;. The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (2): 162. arXiv:2207.13078. Bibcode:2022ApJ&#8230;935..162K. doi:10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac8424. S2CID\u00a0251067072.^ a b c d Schneider, F. R. N.; Sana, H.; Evans, C. J.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Castro, N.; Fossati, L.; Gr\u00e4fener, G.; Langer, N.; Ram\u00edrez-Agudelo, O. H.; Sab\u00edn-Sanjuli\u00e1n, C.; Sim\u00f3n-D\u00edaz, S.; Tramper, F.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; de Mink, S. E.; Dufton, P. L.; Garcia, M.; Gieles, M.; H\u00e9nault-Brunet, V.; Herrero, A.; Izzard, R. G.; Kalari, V.; Lennon, D. J.; Ma\u00edz Apell\u00e1niz, J.; Markova, N.; Najarro, F.; Podsiadlowski, Ph.; Puls, J.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S.; Norman, C. (2018). &#8220;An excess of massive stars in the local 30 Doradus starburst&#8221;. Science. 359 (6371): 69\u201371. arXiv:1801.03107. Bibcode:2018Sci&#8230;359&#8230;69S. doi:10.1126\/science.aan0106. PMID\u00a029302009. S2CID\u00a0206658504.^ NASA; ESA; Crowther, P. (17 March 2016). &#8220;R136 observed with WFC3&#8221;. ESA\/Hubble. Retrieved 23 March 2016.Further reading[edit]External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/r136-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"R136 &#8211; Wikipedia"}}]}]