[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/cryosophila-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/cryosophila-wikipedia\/","headline":"Cryosophila – Wikipedia","name":"Cryosophila – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Genus of palms Cryosophila is a genus of medium-sized fan palms that range","datePublished":"2018-09-12","dateModified":"2018-09-12","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki14\/cryosophila-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3062,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Genus of palmsCryosophila is a genus of medium-sized fan palms that range from central Mexico to northern Colombia. Species in the genus can be readily distinguished from related genera by their distinctive downward-pointing spines on the stem, which are actually modified roots. They are known as the “root spine palms”.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsDescription[edit]Taxonomy[edit]History[edit]Species[edit]Distribution and status[edit]References[edit]Description[edit]Cryosophila is a genus of medium-sized, single-stemmed (or rarely multi-stemmed) palms[1]:\u200a6\u200a with fan-shaped (or palmate) leaves and spiny stems.[2]:\u200a39\u201341\u200a The stems range in height from 0.5 to 15 metres (1.6 to 49.2\u00a0ft), with diameters between 4 to 20 centimetres (1.6 to 7.9\u00a0in).[1]:\u200a6\u200a Plants have between five and 35 leaves with elongated petioles. The leaves are often whitish-grey on the lower surface. The whitish flowers are bisexual with six stamens and three carpels. The fruit are white and smooth, with a single seed.[2]:\u200a39\u201341\u200aCryosophila is distinguished from related genera by its long, branched spines which are derived from modified roots. These downward-pointing spines cover the trunk, often quite densely.[1]:\u200a2\u200a The genus is one of the few palms which use modified roots as spines, and its spines are unlike any others in morphology or appearance.[1]:\u200a6\u200a The density of spines varies from less than 25 over a 10\u00a0cm (3.9\u00a0in) length of stem in some species to others where the entire stem is covered by a dense mass of spines.[1]:\u200a13\u200a       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Taxonomy[edit]In the first edition of Genera Palmarum (1987), Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield placed the genus Cryosophila in subfamily Coryphoideae, tribe Corypheae and subtribe Thrinacinae[4]:\u200a174\u2013175\u200a Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the Old World and New World members of Thrinacinae are not closely related. As a consequence, Cryosophila and related genera were places in their own tribe, Cryosophileae.[5]  Within this tribe, Cryosophila appears to be most closely related to the genus Schippia.[6]History[edit]The earliest botanical description of the species in the genus were made by Alexander von Humboldt, Aim\u00e9 Bonpland and Carl Sigismund Kunth[1]:\u200a5\u20136\u200a in 1816.[1]:\u200a53\u200a They named two species, Corypha nana and Chamaerops mocini. Although these species were placed in different genera (both of which are now considered to be restricted to the Old World), today they are both thought to represent the same species\u2014Cryosophila nana. In 1838 or 1839 Carl Ludwig Blume coined the name Cryosophila specifically for C.\u00a0nana, but did not actually publish the combination and it was only validated in 1887 with the publication of Blume’s combination by Carl E. Salomon in 1887. German botanist Hermann Wendland established a new genus, Acanthorrhiza, in 1869. He included two species in the genus, A.\u00a0aculeata,[1]:\u200a5\u20136\u200a which he transferred from Trithrinax where it had been placed by Danish botanist Frederik Michael Liebmann when he described it in 1853,[1]:\u200a53\u200a and A.\u00a0warscewiczii, for which Wendland provided the first description.[1]:\u200a5\u20136\u200aAcanthorrhiza aculeata was based on a specimen now considered to belong to C.\u00a0nana,[1]:\u200a53\u200a but was defined in such a way that it also included another species, C.\u00a0stauracantha. It was not until 1935 that American botanist Harley Bartlett realised that A.\u00a0aculeata was the same as the pair of species that had been described by Kunth.[1]:\u200a5\u20136\u200aBoth Corypha nana and Chamaerops mocini had been published at the same time in the same work,[1]:\u200a53\u200a[7] which meant that Bartlett had to designate a basionym, the “original” validly published name for the species. Bartlett chose the former, and went on to describe three new species. Paul H. Allen described two new species in 1953, bringing the total number of species to seven.[1]:\u200a5\u20136\u200a Based on Randall J. Evans’ doctoral dissertation, Henderson and colleagues recognised nine species in the genus, although they expressed the concern that the fragmentation of populations by habitat destruction may have exaggerated the difference between remaining populations, leading to an overestimate in the number of species.[2] In his 1995 monograph on the genus, Evans recognised 10 species and two subspecies.[1]:\u200a1\u200aSpecies[edit]The genus consists of 10 known species[1]:\u200a1\u200aCryosophila bartlettii R.J.Evans – PanamaCryosophila cookii Bartlett – Costa RicaCryosophila grayumii R.J.Evans – Costa RicaCryosophila guagara P.H.Allen – Costa Rica, PanamaCryosophila kalbreyeri (Dammer ex Burret) Dahlgren – Colombia, PanamaCryosophila macrocarpa R.J.Evans – Choc\u00f3 region of ColombiaCryosophila nana Blume – Mexico: Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Guerrero, Michoac\u00e1n, Oaxaca, ChiapasCryosophila stauracantha Heynh. R.J.Evans – Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico: Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Quintana RooCryosophila warscewiczii H.Wendl. Bartlett – Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, HondurasCryosophila williamsii  P.H.Allen – HondurasDistribution and status[edit]The genus Cryosophila ranges from central Mexico in the north to northern Colombia in the south.[1]:\u200a2\u20133\u200a Several species in the genus are endangered, including Cryosophila williamsii which is, according to the IUCN Red List, extinct in the wild.[8] All species are palms of the forest understorey, and nine of the ten species are found in lowland humid or wet forests. The tenth species, C.\u00a0nana, is a tree of tropical dry forests.[1]:\u200a2\u200aReferences[edit]^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Evans, Randall J. (1995). “Systematics of Cryosophila (Palmae)”. Systematic Botany Monographs. 46: 1\u201370. doi:10.2307\/25027854. JSTOR\u00a025027854.^ a b c Henderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0-691-08537-1.^ Cano, \u00c1ngela; Bacon, Christine D.; Stauffer, Fred W.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Serrano\u2010Serrano, Martha L.; Perret, Mathieu (2018). “The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean”. Journal of Biogeography. 45 (6): 1432\u20131443. doi:10.1111\/jbi.13225. ISSN\u00a01365-2699.^ Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society.^ Dransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl; Conny B. Asmussen; William J. Baker; Madeline M. Harley; Carl E. Lewis (2005). “A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae”. Kew Bulletin. 60 (4): 559\u201369. JSTOR\u00a025070242.^ Roncal, Julissa; Scott Zona; Carl E. Lewis (2008). “Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation”. Botanical Review. 74 (1): 78\u2013102. doi:10.1007\/s12229-008-9005-9. S2CID\u00a040119059.^ Corypha nana on page 299 of Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland et Humboldt, Chamaerops mocini on page 300^ Linares, J. (2021). “Cryosophila williamsii“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T30366A142381423. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T30366A142381423.es. Retrieved 17 November 2021.     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