[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/%e1%b8%b7-indic-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/%e1%b8%b7-indic-wikipedia\/","headline":"\u1e36 (Indic) – Wikipedia","name":"\u1e36 (Indic) – Wikipedia","description":"Letter “\u1e36” in Indic scripts \u1e36 or Vocalic L is a vowel symbol of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts,","datePublished":"2016-07-07","dateModified":"2016-07-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/Brahmi_li.svg\/13px-Brahmi_li.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/Brahmi_li.svg\/13px-Brahmi_li.svg.png","height":"13","width":"13"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/%e1%b8%b7-indic-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5645,"articleBody":"Letter “\u1e36” in Indic scripts\u1e36 or Vocalic L is a vowel symbol of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, \u1e36 is derived from the Brahmi letter . As an Indic vowel, \u1e36 comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent “A” vowel.Table of Contents\u0100ryabha\u1e6da numeration[edit]Historic \u1e36[edit]Brahmi \u1e36[edit]Devanagari \u1e36[edit]Devanagari Using Languages[edit]Bengali-Assamese \u1e36[edit]Bengali-Assamese Script Using Languages[edit]Gujarati \u1e36[edit]Gujarati-using Languages[edit]Javanese \u1e36[edit]Telugu \u1e36[edit]Malayalam \u1e36[edit]Odia \u1e36[edit]Comparison of \u1e36[edit]Character encodings of \u1e36[edit]References[edit]\u0100ryabha\u1e6da numeration[edit]Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The  \u0962 sign was used to modify a consonant’s value \u00d7108, but the vowel letter \u090c did not have an inherent value by itself.[1]Historic \u1e36[edit]There are three different general early historic scripts – Brahmi and its variants, Kharo\u1e63\u1e6dh\u012b, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. \u1e36 as found in Brahmi was missing in earlier geometric styles, but emerged as a vowel mark during more flowing styles of Brahmi, such as the Kushana and Gupta. In both Tocharian and Kharo\u1e63\u1e6dh\u012b, \u1e36 is not currently known from any source materials.Brahmi \u1e36[edit]The Brahmi letter \u1e36 is only found as a vowel mark, and is derived from the consonant La, and therefore is probably from the Aramaic Lamed . This would make it related to the modern Latin L and Greek Lambda.[2] Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi \u1e36 can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.[3] As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, but \u1e36 must be back-formed from later forms to match the reference geometric writing style, and the reference image for the independent letter  is just the vowel mark enlarged to the size of a full letter.Devanagari \u1e36[edit]Devanagari independent \u1e36 and \u1e36 vowel sign.\u1e36 (\u090c) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via Gupta. Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter \u0a8c, and the Modi letter \ud805\ude08.Devanagari Using Languages[edit]The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of  Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, \u090c is pronounced as [\u1e37]. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent \/\u0259\/ vowel.Bengali-Assamese \u1e36[edit]Bengali-Assamese independent \u1e36 and \u1e36 vowel sign.\u1e36 (\u098c) is a vowel of the Bengali-Assamese abugida. It is derived from the Siddha\u1e43 letter , and is marked by the lack of horizontal head line and less geometric shape than its Devanagari counterpart, \u090c.Bengali-Assamese Script Using Languages[edit]The Bengali-Assamese script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, \u098c is pronounced as [\u1e37]. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali-Assamese vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent \/\u0254\/ vowel.Gujarati \u1e36[edit]Gujarati independent \u1e36 and \u1e36 vowel sign.\u1e36 (\u0a8c) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari \u1e36 , and ultimately the Brahmi letter .Gujarati-using Languages[edit]The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, \u0a8c is pronounced as [\u1e37]. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent \/\u0259\/ vowel.Javanese \u1e36[edit]Telugu \u1e36[edit]Telugu independent vowel and vowel sign \u1e36.\u1e36 (\u0c0c) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter . It is closely related to the Kannada letter \u0c8c. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent “a” of Telugu consonant letters. \u1e36 is a non-attaching vowel sign, and does not alter the underlying consonant or contextually shape itself in any way.  Telugu \u1e36 vowel sign on \u0c15, \u0c16, \u0c17, \u0c18 & \u0c19: K\u1e37, Kh\u1e37, G\u1e37, Gh\u1e37 and Ng\u1e37.Malayalam \u1e36[edit]Malayalam independent vowel and vowel sign \u1e36.\u1e36 (\u0d0c) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Grantha letter  l. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent “a” of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant – below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound.Odia \u1e36[edit]Odia independent vowel and vowel sign \u1e36.\u1e36 (\u0b0c) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Siddha\u1e43 letter  l. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent “a” of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant – below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia.Comparison of \u1e36[edit]The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including \u1e36, are related as well.Comparison of \u1e36 in different scriptsNotes^ The middle “Kushana” form of Brahmi is a later style that emerged as Brahmi scripts were beginning to proliferate. Gupta Brahmi was definitely a stylistic descendant from Kushana, but other Brahmi-derived scripts may have descended from earlier forms.^ Tocharian is probably derived from the middle period “Kushana” form of Brahmi, although artifacts from that time are not plentiful enough to establish a definite succession.^ Pyu and Old Mon are probably the precursors of the Burmese script, and may be derived from either the Pallava or Kadamba script^ May also be derived from Devangari (see bottom left of table)^ The Origin of Hangul from ‘Phags-pa is one of limited influence, inspiring at most a few basic letter shapes. Hangul does not function as an Indic abugida.^ Although the basic letter forms of the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics were derived from handwritten Devanagari letters, this abugida indicates vowel sounds by rotations of the letter form, rather than the use of vowel diacritics as is standard in Indic abugidas.^ May also be derived from Ranjana (see above)^ Masaram Gondi acts as an Indic abugida, but its letterforms were not derived from any single precursor script.Character encodings of \u1e36[edit]Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter \u1e36 in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. \u1e36 from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII.Character informationPreview\u0c0c\u0b0c\u0c8c\u0d0c\u0a8cUnicode nameDEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC LBENGALI LETTER VOCALIC LTELUGU LETTER VOCALIC LORIYA LETTER VOCALIC LKANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LMALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC LGUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC LEncodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexUnicode2316U+090C2444U+098C3084U+0C0C2828U+0B0C3212U+0C8C3340U+0D0C2700U+0A8CUTF-8224 164 140E0 A4 8C224 166 140E0 A6 8C224 176 140E0 B0 8C224 172 140E0 AC 8C224 178 140E0 B2 8C224 180 140E0 B4 8C224 170 140E0 AA 8CNumeric character referenceऌऌঌঌఌఌଌଌಌಌഌഌઌઌISCIICharacter informationPreview\ud804\udf0cUnicode nameBRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC LSIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC LGRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC LEncodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexUnicode69645U+1100D71048U+1158870412U+1130CUTF-8240 145 128 141F0 91 80 8D240 145 150 136F0 91 96 88240 145 140 140F0 91 8C 8CUTF-1655300 56333D804 DC0D55301 56712D805 DD8855300 57100D804 DF0CNumeric character reference𑀍𑀍𑖈𑖈𑌌𑌌Character informationPreview\ud805\udc08\ud807\udc08\ud804\udd8bUnicode nameNEWA LETTER VOCALIC LBHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC LSHARADA LETTER VOCALIC LEncodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexUnicode70664U+1140872712U+11C0870027U+1118BUTF-8240 145 144 136F0 91 90 88240 145 176 136F0 91 B0 88240 145 134 139F0 91 86 8BUTF-1655301 56328D805 DC0855303 56328D807 DC0855300 56715D804 DD8BNumeric character reference𑐈𑐈𑰈𑰈𑆋𑆋Character informationPreview\u0d8f\ua88aUnicode nameSINHALA LETTER ILUYANNASAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC LEncodingsdecimalhexdechexUnicode3471U+0D8F43146U+A88AUTF-8224 182 143E0 B6 8F234 162 138EA A2 8ANumeric character referenceඏඏꢊꢊCharacter informationPreview\ud805\udc89Unicode nameTIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC LEncodingsdecimalhexUnicode70793U+11489UTF-8240 145 146 137F0 91 92 89UTF-1655301 56457D805 DC89Numeric character reference𑒉𑒉Character informationPreview\u1b0d\ua98a\u1bbcUnicode nameBALINESE LETTER LA LENGAJAVANESE LETTER NGA LELETSUNDANESE LETTER LEUEncodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexUnicode6925U+1B0D43402U+A98A7100U+1BBCUTF-8225 172 141E1 AC 8D234 166 138EA A6 8A225 174 188E1 AE BCNumeric character referenceᬍᬍꦊꦊᮼᮼReferences[edit]Our servers are currently under maintenance or experiencing a technical problem.Please try again in a few\u00a0minutes.See the error message at the bottom of this page for more\u00a0information."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/%e1%b8%b7-indic-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u1e36 (Indic) – Wikipedia"}}]}]