Voiced bilabial trill – Wikipedia
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Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʙ⟩ in IPA
The voiced bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is ⟨ʙ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter b, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is B
.
Features[edit]
Features of the voiced bilabial trill:
Varieties[edit]
IPA | Description |
---|---|
ʙ | Voiced bilabial trill |
ᵐʙ | Prenasalized voiced bilabial trill |
Occurrences[edit]
The Knorkator song “[Buchstabe]” (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999 album Hasenchartbreaker uses a similar sound (though linguolabial instead of bilabial) to replace “br” in a number of German words (e.g. [ˈʙaːtkaɐ̯tɔfəln] for Bratkartoffeln).
Prenasalized[edit]
Affiliation | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oceanic | Kele[3][4] | [ᵐʙulim] | ‘face’ | And other languages of the Admiralty Islands | ||
Titan[3][4] | [ᵐʙutukei] | ‘wooden plate’ | ||||
Unua[5] | [ᵐʙue] | ‘pig’ | ||||
Ahamb[6] | [nãᵐʙwas] | ‘pig’ | Phonemic; contrasts between /ᵐʙ/ and /ʙ̥/. |
Prestopped trills and stops with trill release[edit]
Affiliation | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Naga | Sangtam | [t͡ʙàŋ][7] | ‘needle’ | Phonemic as /t͡ʙ/, contrasts with /t͡ʙ̥ʰ/.[7] | |
Qiangic | Lizu[8][9] | TU, | [tʙ̩˥˩] | ‘bean’ | Syllabic; allophone of /u/ after initial /pʰ, p, b, tʰ, t, d/.[8] |
Namuyi[10] | tbĭh | [t͡ʙ̩˨][10] | ‘to slaughter’ | Phonemic according to Pavlík (2017) occurring before /u/ or as a syllabic consonant. [ʙ] is classified as an allophone of /u/ following a /p/, /b/, /t/ or /d/ in the phonemic analysis of Huáng (1992:673–674), and Yǐn (2016).[11] No bilabial trills are present in the phonemic analysis of Nishida (2013). |
|
dbù | [d͡ʙu˥˨][10] | ‘wild’ | |||
pbĭh | [p͡ʙ̩][10] | ‘to deliver’. | |||
[b͡ʙuda][10] | surname | ||||
Pumi[9] | biiv | [pʙ̩˥] | ‘to dig’ | Syllabic; allophone of /ə/ after /pʰ, p, b, tʰ, t, d/. |
Phonology[edit]
In many of the languages in which the bilabial trill occurs, it occurs only as part of a prenasalized bilabial stop with trilled release, [mbʙ]. That developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel like [mbu]. In such instances, the sounds are usually still limited to the environment of a following [u]. However, the trills in Mangbetu may precede any vowel and are sometimes preceded by only a nasal.
See also[edit]
- ^ Wichmann, Yrjö; Uotila, T. E. (1942). Syrjänischer Wortschatz nebst Hauptzügen der Formenlehre. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
- ^ a b c Foley, William A. (2018). “The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs”. In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ a b Ladefoged (2005:165)
- ^ a b Bowern, Claire (2012). Sivisa Titan. University of Hawai’i Press.
- ^ Dimock (2005:19)
- ^ Rangelov, Tihomir (2019), The bilabial trills of Ahamb (Vanuatu): acoustic and articulatory properties, University of Waikato
- ^ a b Coupe, Alexander (2016), “Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam”, Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10-14 August 2015.
- ^ a b Chirkova & Chen (2013:78)
- ^ a b Chirkova, Katia (2012). “The Qiangic Subgroup from an Areal Perspective: A Case Study of Languages of Muli” (Archive). In Languages and Linguistics 13(1):133-170. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
- ^ a b c d e Pavlík (2017)
- ^ Pavlík (2017:32)
References[edit]
- Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), “Lizu” (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 75–86, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000242[permanent dead link]
- Dimock, Laura (2005). “The Bilabial Trill in Unua” (PDF). Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics. 17: 17–33. ISSN 1170-1978.
- Huáng, Bùfán, ed. (1992), 藏緬語族語言詞彙 [Tibeto-Burman language vocabulary] (in Chinese), Beijing: Minzu University Press
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.). Blackwell.
- Nishida, Fuminobu (2013). “Phonetics and Phonology of Dzolo Dialect of Namuyi”. Arutesu Riberaresu / Artes Liberales. 92: 21–54. doi:10.15113/00013130.
- Pavlík, Štěpán (2017). The Description of Namuzi Language (Ph.D. thesis). Charles University. hdl:20.500.11956/95965.
- Yǐn, Wèibīn (2016), 納木茲語語法標註文本 [Grammar of Namuzi with Annotated Texts] (in Chinese), Beijing: Social Science Literature Press
External links[edit]
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