[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/ernst-von-rebeur-paschwitz-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/ernst-von-rebeur-paschwitz-wikipedia\/","headline":"Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz – Wikipedia","name":"Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia German astronomer, geophysicist and seismologist Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz Born (1861-08-09)9 August 1861 Died 1 October","datePublished":"2019-03-11","dateModified":"2019-03-11","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Ernst_von_Rebeur-Paschwitz_%281861%E2%80%931895%29.jpg\/220px-Ernst_von_Rebeur-Paschwitz_%281861%E2%80%931895%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Ernst_von_Rebeur-Paschwitz_%281861%E2%80%931895%29.jpg\/220px-Ernst_von_Rebeur-Paschwitz_%281861%E2%80%931895%29.jpg","height":"270","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/ernst-von-rebeur-paschwitz-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":4604,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGerman astronomer, geophysicist and seismologistErnst von Rebeur-PaschwitzBorn(1861-08-09)9 August 1861Died1 October 1895(1895-10-01) (aged\u00a034)CitizenshipGermanAlma\u00a0materHumboldt University of BerlinKnown\u00a0forthe first recording of teleseism with the use of his sensitive self-registering horizontal pendulums in 1889Scientific careerFieldsseismology, geophysics, astronomyErnst von Rebeur-Paschwitz (9 August 1861 \u2013 1 October 1895) was a German astronomer, geophysicist and seismologist. He is best known for the first recording of teleseism with the use of his sensitive self-registering horizontal pendulums in 1889.[1] He proposed to create an international network of seismological stations.[2] His ideas led to the founding of the International Seismological Association.[3]Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz was born on 9 August 1861 in Frankfurt\/Oder.[4] His father worked as a Government officer and Rebeur-Paschwitz had to change schools frequently.[5] He attended the knight academy in Leignitz, as well as high schools in Wroclaw and Frankfurt\/Oder. Later Rebeur-Paschwitz studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig. After traveling to England and Ireland, he continued studies in Berlin and Geneva, with a one-year break for military service.[6] In 1883, he received his doctorate at the University of Berlin with a dissertation “On the Movement of Comets in Resisting Average” and became an assistant at the Observatory.[5]Starting from 1884 Rebeur-Paschwitz suffered from health problems. He was cured in Switzerland, Italy and on Tenerife, however the recoveries were temporary. The condition of his throat and chest precluded him from giving lectures. From 1891, he was more or less confined to a bed and was able to leave his room only during summertime.[5]Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz died of tuberculosis[7] on 1 October 1895 in Merseburg at the age of 34.Table of ContentsSensitive Horizontal Pendulums[edit]International Seismological Cooperation[edit]Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz Medal[edit]Publications[edit]References[edit]Sensitive Horizontal Pendulums[edit]In 1885, working as an assistant at the University of Karlsruhe, Rebeur-Paschwitz became interested in Friedrich Z\u00f6llner\u2019s pendulum.[2] In 1886, he started construction of a horizontal pendulum at the astronomical observatory of Karlsruhe with the idea to measure oscillations of the plumb line resulting from the influence of astronomical bodies. However, his pendulums appeared to be sensitive also to horizontal accelerations of the ground.Rebeur-Paschwitz became the first person to continuously record movements of the ground on photographic paper.[3] Between 1886 and 1895 Rebeur-Paschwitz developed three models of pendulums.[8] He collaborated with three different manufacturers: the Fecker pendulum in 1886, the Repsold pendulum in 1888, and the St\u00fcckrath two-component model in 1894.[9]  Seismogram records in Potsdam and Wilhelmshaven, from von Rebeur-PaschwitzRebeur-Paschwitz installed one of his pendulum in Potsdam and the second one in Wilhelmshaven close to the North Sea. The pendulums designed to measure the horizontal motion of the ground due to supposed lunar tides.[10] On 17 April 1889 he recorded very strong deflections of the vertical axis on both instruments at the time when a strong earthquake occurred near Tokyo in Japan.[11]  64 minutes after its impulse was recorded in Tokyo, Rebeur-Paschwitz observed disturbance on his instruments at Potsdam and Wilhelmshaven, which means that the seismic waves had gone a distance of more than 5000 miles through the inside of the Earth at the average speed of more than a mile per second. Rebeur-Paschwitz was the first to detect earthquake vibration that had passed through the inside of the Earth.[12] Even though the shaking of local earthquakes was recorded several times before, this was the first time when the waves of a faraway earthquake had been registered.[7] The realization that strong earthquakes can be recorded at great distances helped usher in the modern era in the field of seismology and the physics of the Earth\u2019s interior.[13]This observation marked the change of seismology from a regional to a global science,[14]  and helped to usher in the science of modern observational seismology.[15]International Seismological Cooperation[edit]Rebeur-Paschwitz realized the necessity for international cooperation in the field of seismology, and in 1895 at the International Geographical Congress proposed to install a homogeneous global seismological station network equipped with horizontal pendulums.[11] As a result, Englishman John Milne established network of stations with simply-to-use horizontal pendulums in the British colonies.[1]In his last publication of the same year, Rebeur-Paschwitz also argued for establishing an internationally centralized bureau to collect global seismological observations.[14]Georg C. K. Gerland presented Rebeur-Paschwitz\u2019s ideas at the sixth International Geographic Conference in London in 1895, and organized the first International Conference of Seismology in Strasbourg in 1901. It\u00a0 was the start of international cooperation in seismology and led to the founding two years later of the International Seismological Association (since 1951 the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth\u2019s Interior (IASPEI)).[3] \u00a0Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz Medal[edit]Ernst von Rebeur-Paschiwitz Medal is awarded by German Geophysical Society for outstanding scientific achievements in geophysics. Among the previous winners should be mentioned following scientists: 2017 Lev Vinnik, Moscow; 2015 Rongjiang Wang, Potsdam;[16] 2008 Winfried Hanka, Potsdam; 2007 Karl Hinz, Hanover; 2004 Walter Z\u00fcrn, Schiltach \/ Karlsruhe.[17]Publications[edit]Das Horizontalpendel und seine Anwendung zur Beobachtung der absoluten und relativen Richtungs-Aenderungen der Lothlinie: Ergebnisse einiger mit Unterst\u00fctzung der K\u00f6niglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in den Jahren 1889-1892 auf den Observatorien zu Wilhelmshaven und Potsdam sowie in Puerto Orotava auf Teneriffa ausgef\u00fchrter Beobachtungsreihen \/ E. von Rebeur-Paschwitz (in German)Das Horizontalpendel und seine Anwendung zur Beobachtung der absoluten und relativen Richtungs-Aenderungen der Lothlinie\u00a0: Ergebnisse einiger mit Unterst\u00fctzung der K\u00f6niglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in den Jahren 1889-1892 auf den Observatorien zu Wilhelmshaven und Potsdam sowie in Puerto Orotava auf Teneriffa ausgef\u00fchrter Beobachtungsreihen \/ E. von Rebeur-Paschwitz \/ Halle\u00a0: Blochmann , 1892 (in German)\u00dcber die Bewegung der Kometen im widerstehenden Mittel, mit besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung der sonnennahen Kometen \/ Ernst Rebeur-Paschwitz \/ Berlin\u00a0: Druck P. Stankiewicz , 1883 (in German)The Earthquake of Tokyo, April 18, 1889. Nature (1889) 40, 1030, 294-295References[edit]^ a b HECK, Andre (April 4, 2006). The Multinational History of Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory. Springer Science & Business Media. p.\u00a0109. ISBN\u00a0978-1-4020-3644-6.^ a b “Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz (1861-1895)\u00a0–\u00a0Mus\u00e9e de Sismologie et collections de G\u00e9ophysique\u00a0–\u00a0Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg”. musee-sismologie.unistra.fr. Retrieved April 7, 2020.^ a b c Beer, Johan H. de (January 25, 2016). The History of Geophysics in Southern Africa. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. p.\u00a017. ISBN\u00a0978-1-920689-80-3.^ “BIOGRAPHIES ERNST VON REBEUR-PASCHWITZ”. eost.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved April 7, 2020.^ a b c M, J. (December 1895). “Dr. Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz”. Geological Magazine. 2 (12): 575\u2013576. doi:10.1017\/S0016756800179075. ISSN\u00a01469-5081.^ “Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz”. www.catalogus-professorum-halensis.de. Retrieved April 7, 2020.^ a b “Today in Earthquake History: Japan\/Potsdam 1889”. seismo.berkeley.edu. Retrieved April 7, 2020.^ Landgraf, A.; Kuebler, S.; Hintersberger, E.; Stein, S. (2017). Seismicity, Fault Rupture and Earthquake Hazards in Slowly Deforming Regions. Geological Society of London. p.\u00a047. ISBN\u00a09781862397453.^ Fr\u00e9chet, Julien; Rivera, Luis (April 1, 2012). “Horizontal pendulum development and the legacy of Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz”. Journal of Seismology. 16 (2): 315\u2013343. doi:10.1007\/s10950-011-9272-5. ISSN\u00a01573-157X. S2CID\u00a0122694274.^ Turner, Gillian (January 11, 2011). North Pole, South Pole: The Epic Quest to Solve the Great Mystery of Earth’s Magnetism. The Experiment. p.\u00a0140. ISBN\u00a0978-1-61519-132-1.^ a b “Historical Seismograms from the Potsdam Station” (PDF). Academy of Sciences of German Democratic Republic, Central Institute for the Physics of the Earth. 1989. Retrieved April 7, 2020.^ Brush, Stephen G.; Brush, Stephen G.; Brush, Distinguished University Professor of the History of Science Emeritus Stephen G. (April 26, 1996). A History of Modern Planetary Physics: Nebulous Earth. Cambridge University Press. p.\u00a0144. ISBN\u00a0978-0-521-44171-1.^ Krehl, Peter O. K. (September 24, 2008). History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact: A Chronological and Biographical Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. p.\u00a0400. ISBN\u00a0978-3-540-30421-0.^ a b Schweitzer, Johannes; Lay, Thorne (April 16, 2019). “IASPEI: its origins and the promotion of global seismology”. History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 10 (1): 173\u2013180. doi:10.5194\/hgss-10-173-2019. ISSN\u00a02190-5010.^ Merrill, Ronald T. (November 15, 2010). Our Magnetic Earth: The Science of Geomagnetism. University of Chicago Press. p.\u00a074. ISBN\u00a0978-0-226-52050-6.^ “China – german.china.org.cn – Dr. Rongjiang Wang erh\u00e4lt Rebeur-Paschwitz-Preis”. german.china.org.cn. Retrieved April 7, 2020.^ “Ernst-von-Rabeur-Praschwitz-Medaille \u2013 Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft e.V.” (in German). Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/ernst-von-rebeur-paschwitz-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz – Wikipedia"}}]}]