[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/kitab-al-anwa-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/kitab-al-anwa-wikipedia\/","headline":"Kitab al-Anwa’ – Wikipedia","name":"Kitab al-Anwa’ – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Kit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0621) is a title given to a number of works from eastern","datePublished":"2019-03-01","dateModified":"2019-03-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-logo.png","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-logo.png","height":"101","width":"135"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/kitab-al-anwa-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":1986,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaKit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0621) is a title given to a number of works from eastern and western parts of Arab civilization that concern astronomy, weather and agriculture. There is no proven relation between the different works of this title: the Kit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be by Abu Hanifa Dinawari of Iran, for example, was written more than a century earlier than the Kit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be by \u02bfAr\u012bb ibn Sa\u02bf\u012bd al-Qur\u1e6d\u016bb\u012b of C\u00f3rdoba (d. 980 CE). This latter, however, was a particularly influential example of the form and was adapted and translated several times.[1][2]Table of ContentsOrigins and contents[edit]Adaptations[edit]Calendar of C\u00f3rdoba[edit]Other adaptations[edit]See also[edit]Editions and translations[edit]Further reading[edit]References[edit]Origins and contents[edit]\u02bfAr\u012bb ibn Sa\u02bf\u012bd was a physician and scholar associated with the C\u00f3rdoban Umayyad court of \u02bfAbd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n III. He based the Kit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be on such eastern-style calendars as the Kit\u0101b al-Azmina by Ibn M\u0101sawayh (d. 857). He finished the work in 973, and it is principally attested today in the manuscript Tehran, Malik Mill\u012b, MS 2049.[3]The work contains discourses on meteorological and astronomical topics, including astronomical tables, discussion of bodily health and hygiene, agricultural treatises and calendars. It describes a curious meteorological forecasting system based on the position of the sun and the hiding of certain stars, associating these positions with certain repetitive phenomena experienced at that time.In the assessment of Miquel Forcada, ‘the author also includes materials from everyday life, thus providing an invaluable documentary record of his times.’[4]Adaptations[edit]Calendar of C\u00f3rdoba[edit]\u02bfAr\u012bb ibn Sa\u02bf\u012bd’s work was adapted, in C\u00f3rdoba, under the titleKit\u0101b f\u012b taf\u1e63\u012bl al-zam\u0101n wa-ma\u1e63\u0101li\u1e25 al-abd\u0101n, a text that has been known in English as The Calendar of C\u00f3rdoba since the name was Europeanised by its first modern editor, Reinhart Dozy, in his 1873 edition. This was composed in the tenth century CE, after the completion of \u02bfAr\u012bb ibn Sa\u02bf\u012bd’s work in 973. The Calendar of C\u00f3rdoba differs from the Kit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be in being greatly simplified, while including more information specific to Christian ritual, principally by listing the feasts and Mozarab saints associated with each day of the calendar.[1]The Calendar survives in the manuscripts Paris, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France, MS H\u00e9b. 1082 (Arabic in Hebrew script) and MS Ar. 2521 (Arabic).The Calendar of C\u00f3rdoba was twice translated into Latin during the Middle Ages. The earlier of the two is very literal, at times to the point of incomprehensibility, but adds further information relating to the Christian community of C\u00f3rdoba and its hinterland. This is entitled Liber Anoe (taking its title from the source-text of the Calendar, the Kit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be It may be by the Christian bishop Rab\u012b\u02bf b. Zayd, who, like \u02bfAr\u012bb b. Sa\u02bf\u012bd, was associated with the Umayyad court at C\u00f3rdoba, has been posited as the translator. It was once attributed to Gerard of Cremona (d. 1187). This translation survives in the manuscripts Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de Espa\u00f1a, MS 6036 and Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, MS Lat. Qu. 198.[1]The second Latin translation is from the thirteenth century. It survives in the manuscript Barcelona, Museu Episcopal, MS Vic 167.[1][5]Other adaptations[edit]The Kit\u0101b al-Anw\u0101\u02be was also the source of the anonymous, Andalusian text Ris\u0101la f\u012b awq\u0101t al-sana, found in Rabat, al-\u1e24asaniyya, MS 6699,[6] and of the as yet unedited Taf\u1e63\u012bl al-azm\u0101n wa-ma\u1e63\u0101li\u1e25 al-abd\u0101n found in the manuscript Alexandria, al-Baladiyya, MS 2918.[1]See also[edit]Editions and translations[edit]Charles Pellat (ed.), Le calendrier de Cordoue publi\u00e9 par R. Dozy. Nouvelle edition accompagnee d’une traduction fran\u00e7aise annot\u00e9e (Leiden: Brill 1961) [first published as Dozy, Reinhart P. A., Le calendrier de Cordoue: de l’ann\u00e9e 961; texte arabe et ancienne traduction Latine (Leiden: Brill, 1873)]Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez G\u00e1zquez and Julio Sams\u00f3 (trans.), ‘Una nueva traducci\u00f3n latina del Calendario de C\u00f3rdoba (siglo XIII)’, in Textos y estudios sobre astronom\u00eda espa\u00f1ola en el siglo XIII, trans. by Juan Vernet (Barcelona 1981), pp.\u00a09\u201378Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez G\u00e1zquez, El texto del Calendario de C\u00f3rdoba en el manuscrito Berl\u00edn Lat. Qu. 198, in Studia in honorem prof. M. de Riquer (Barcelona 1991), 4:657\u201368 (from Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, MS Lat. Qu. 198).Daniel Varisco, \u201cThe Anw\u0101\u02be Stars According to Ab\u016b Is\u1e25\u0101q al-Zajj\u0101j.\u201d Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften (1989).Further reading[edit]Christys, Ann, Christians in al-Andalus (711\u20131000) (Richmond, 2002), pp.\u00a0108\u201334.Forcada, Miquel, ‘Ibn Zayd’, in Biblioteca de al-Andalus, ed. by Jorge Lirola (Almer\u00eda 2009), 6:282\u20136Koningsveld, Peter S. van, ‘Christian-Arabic manuscripts from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. A historical interpretation‘, Al-Qan\u1e6dara, 15 (1994), 423\u201351.L\u00f3pez, \u00c1ngel C., ‘Estudio particular de las especies bot\u00e1nicas que se citan en el Calendario de C\u00f3rdoba‘, in Ciencias de la naturaleza en al-Andalus III, ed. by E. Garc\u00eda S\u00e1nchez (Granada 1994), pp.\u00a044\u201378.Sams\u00f3, Julio, ‘La tradici\u00f3n cl\u00e1sica en los calendarios agr\u00edcolas hispano\u00e1rabes y norteafricanos’, in Actas del II Congreso Internacional de Estudios sobre las Culturas del Mediterr\u00e1neo Occidental (Barcelona 1978), pp.\u00a0177\u201386Sams\u00f3, Julio and J. Mart\u00ednez G\u00e1zquez, ‘Algunas observaciones al texto del Calendario de C\u00f3rdoba’, al-Qan\u1e6dara 2 (1981), 319\u201344Sams\u00f3, Julio, ‘Sobre los materiales astron\u00f3micos en el Calendario de C\u00f3rdoba y en su versi\u00f3n latina del siglo XIII’, in Nuevos estudios sobre astronom\u00eda espa\u00f1ola en el siglo de Alfonso X, ed. by Juan Vernet (Barcelona 1983), pp.\u00a0125\u201338.Sams\u00f3, Julio, Las ciencias de los antiguos en al-Andalus (Madrid 1992), pp.\u00a071\u20135.Vir\u00e9, Fran\u00e7ois, ‘La volerie dans l’Espagne du Xe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 travers le Calendrier de Cordoue‘, Arabica, 12 (1965), 306\u201314.References[edit]^ a b c d e Miquel Forcada, ‘Calendar of C\u00f3rdoba’, in Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edn, ed. by Kate Fleet and others (Leiden: Brill, 2007-), doi:10.1163\/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24375.^ Miquel Forcada, \u201c\u02bfAr\u012bb b. Sa\u02bf\u012bd al-Qur\u1e6d\u016bb\u012b\u201d, in Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edn, ed. by Kate Fleet and others (Leiden: Brill, 2007-), doi:10.1163\/1573-3912_ei3_SIM_0097.^ Miquel Forcada, ‘The Kit\u0101b al-anw\u0101\u02be of \u02bfAr\u012bb b. Sa\u02bf\u012bd and the Calendar of Cordova‘, in Sic itur ad astra. Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. Festschrift f\u00fcr den Arabisten Paul Kunitzsch zum 70. Geburtstag, ed. by Menso Folkerts and Richard Lorch (Wiesbaden 2000), pp. 234\u201351.^ Miquel Forcada, ‘Books of Anw\u0101\u02be in al-Andalus’, in The formation of al-Andalus, Part 2, Language, religion, culture, and the sciences, ed. by Maribel Fierro and Julio Sams\u00f3 (Aldershot 1998), pp. 305\u201328.^ Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ednez G\u00e1zquez and Julio Sams\u00f3 (trans.), ‘Una nueva traducci\u00f3n latina del Calendario de C\u00f3rdoba (siglo XIII)’, in Textos y estudios sobre astronom\u00eda espa\u00f1ola en el siglo XIII, trans. by Juan Vernet (Barcelona 1981), pp. 9\u201378.^ Ris\u0101la f\u012b awq\u0101t al-sana. Un calendario an\u00f3nimo andalus\u00ed, ed. Mar\u00eda Angeles Navarro (Granada 1990).Wikimedia ErrorOur servers are currently under maintenance or experiencing a technical problem.Please try again in a few\u00a0minutes.See the error message at the bottom of this page for more\u00a0information. 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