[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/kuszen-abbey-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/kuszen-abbey-wikipedia\/","headline":"K\u00fcsz\u00e9n Abbey – Wikipedia","name":"K\u00fcsz\u00e9n Abbey – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The K\u00fcsz\u00e9n Abbey was a short-lived Benedictine Christian monastery on the top of the mountain","datePublished":"2019-05-18","dateModified":"2019-05-18","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/kuszen-abbey-wikipedia\/","wordCount":1788,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe K\u00fcsz\u00e9n Abbey was a short-lived Benedictine Christian monastery on the top of the mountain K\u00fcsz\u00e9n in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary (today Burgenland, Austria). The monastery was established by German-born knight Wolfer, forefather of the powerful K\u0151szegi family. It was subordinated to the Pannonhalma Archabbey. After a few decades of operation, B\u00e9la III of Hungary confiscated the monastery from the Benedictine friars and erected a castle in place of the abbey around 1180.Table of ContentsEstablishment[edit]Dissolution[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]Establishment[edit]Brothers Wolfer and H\u00e9der arrived to the Kingdom of Hungary during the reign of G\u00e9za II of Hungary. Wolfer was granted lands beyond the Austrian border, most of his estates laid in the valley of stream Str\u00e9m (or Strem) and centered around the hill of K\u00fcsz\u00e9n. In 1157, Gervasius, Bishop of Gy\u0151r contributed and permitted the foundation of a Benedictine abbey at the top of the mountain of K\u00fcsz\u00e9n, to comes Wolfer, who donated several surrounding lands and vineyards to the monastery. Gervasius subordinated the monastery to the Pannonhalma Abbey and dedicated the new monastery to Virgin Mary. Wolfer settled people to the surrounding uninhabited lands, who were allowed to pay the tithe directly to the monastery. G\u00e9za II confirmed the foundation of the abbey. The establishing charter of the K\u00fcsz\u00e9n Abbey was preserved through a shortened transliteration from 1230, as a result formerly some historians doubted its authenticity. Later medieval chronicles, for instance the Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum and the Illuminated Chronicle also preserved the foundation of the abbey. In an anachronistic way, the chronicles also suggest that Wolfer erected a “wooden fort” there, but decades later, the castle of N\u00e9met\u00fajv\u00e1r (G\u00fcssing) was built based on the abbey’s stone walls. It is also possible the chronicles refer to the construction of the fort of H\u00e9derv\u00e1r, and the authors merged the two locations accidentally or intentionally in their works. A few years later, Wolfer died. He was buried in the monks’ cloister after his death.Dissolution[edit]According to a letter of Pope Honorius III in March 1225, the Pannonhalma Archabbey was able to appoint three abbots to the monastery of K\u00fcsz\u00e9n in the previous decades, before “King B\u00e9la took it with the promise that, in return, he would give another place suitable for building church and estates as accessories”. B\u00e9la III (r. 1172\u20131196) confiscated the Abbey of K\u00fcsz\u00e9n from the Benedictine friars and used the abbey’s stone buildings to erect a royal castle (called N\u00e9met\u00fajv\u00e1r, or simply \u00dajv\u00e1r, “New Castle”, today G\u00fcssing in Austria) on top of the hill around 1180. By that time, the tense relationship between Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire emerged, as B\u00e9la supported the papacy against Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor during the Investiture Controversy. The Hungarian king also had conflicts over border disputes with the Duchy of Austria in the second half of the 1170s. Under such circumstances, the mountain of K\u00fcsz\u00e9n and its fortified abbey proved to be a strategic military site along the border with Austria.B\u00e9la compensated the abbey’s patron, comes Hencse (Wolfer’s son) with the patronage of the newly constructed abbey of Kapornak in Zala County. Furthermore, Wolfer’s descendants remained the owners of the nearby Szentelek and Szentk\u00fat (present-day Stegersbach and Heiligenbrunn in Austria, respectively). A privilege charter by Emeric of Hungary from 1198 refers to the vineyards of Szentk\u00fat as the accessory of the newly built castle (\u00dajv\u00e1r, or Novi Castri), this is the first mention of N\u00e9met\u00fajv\u00e1r (or G\u00fcssing) Castle by contemporary records. The Benedictine Order was partially compensated only in 1263 by B\u00e9la IV of Hungary, despite the continued papal protests and interventions in the case. In that year, B\u00e9la IV and his wife, Queen Maria Laskarina donated the lordship of V\u00e1g\u00fajhely in Nyitra County (present-day Nov\u00e9 Mesto nad V\u00e1hom in Slovakia) and an island at Lake Balaton to the Pannonhalma Archabbey, in exchange for “the castle of K\u00fcsz\u00e9n, called \u00dajv\u00e1r”. In 1271, B\u00e9la’s son, Stephen V of Hungary withdrew the donation and handed over the lordship to the influential baron Lawrence, son of Kem\u00e9ny. In 1273, Ladislaus IV of Hungary recovered the estate to the Benedictine friars, sorting the dispute.References[edit]Sources[edit]F. Romh\u00e1nyi, Beatrix (2000). Kolostorok \u00e9s t\u00e1rsask\u00e1ptalanok a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori Magyarorsz\u00e1gon: Katal\u00f3gus [Monasteries and Collegiate Chapters in Medieval Hungary: A Catalogue] (in Hungarian). Pytheas. ISBN\u00a0963-7483-07-1.Horv\u00e1th, Rich\u00e1rd (2015). “A fav\u00e1r rejt\u00e9lye, avagy mennyire r\u00e9gi \u00dajv\u00e1r v\u00e1ra?: N\u00e9met\u00fajv\u00e1r v\u00e1r\u00e1nak “v\u00e9lelmezett” t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete a kezdetekt\u0151l a 13. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9ig [The Mystery of the Wooden Fort, or How Old is \u00dajv\u00e1r?: The “Presumed” History of the Castle of N\u00e9met\u00fajv\u00e1r from the Beginning to the End of the 13th Century]”. Castrum. Castrum Bene Egyes\u00fclet. 18 (1\u20132): 5\u201324.Kiss, G\u00e1bor; Z\u00e1gorhidi Czig\u00e1ny, Bal\u00e1zs (2012). “A H\u00e9der nemzets\u00e9g korai birtokai Vas v\u00e1rmegy\u00e9ben \u00e9s a k\u00fcsz\u00e9ni benc\u00e9s ap\u00e1ts\u00e1g [The Foundation of the Benedictine Abbey in K\u00fcsz\u00e9n and the Early Possessions of the H\u00e9der Family in Vas County]”.  In Ill\u00e9s, P\u00e1l Attila; Juh\u00e1sz-Laczik, Albin (eds.). \u00d6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g \u00e9s k\u00fcldet\u00e9s. Benc\u00e9sek Magyarorsz\u00e1gon (Rendt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti konferenci\u00e1k 7\/1) (in Hungarian). Magyar Egyh\u00e1zt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti Enciklop\u00e9dia Munkak\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g (METEM). pp.\u00a0172\u2013180. ISBN\u00a0978-963-9662-60-5.  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