List of scientists in medieval Islamic world

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This is a list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the Islamic Golden Age (i.e. from the 8th century to the 14th century).

Astronomers and astrologers[edit]

Physiologists[edit]

  • Ibn Sirin (654–728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation
  • Al-Kindi (801–873) (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy
  • Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (9th century), pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology
  • Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi (850–934), pioneer of mental health, medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
  • Al-Farabi (872–950) (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies
  • Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936–1013) (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[7]
  • Ibn al-Haytham (965–1040) (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception
  • Al-Biruni (973–1050), pioneer of reaction time
  • Avicenna (980–1037) (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry,thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness
  • Ibn Zuhr (1094–1162) (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[7]
  • Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson’s disease[7]
  • Ibn Tufail (1126–1198), pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture

Chemists and alchemists[edit]

Economists and social scientists[edit]

  • Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699–767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
  • Abu Yusuf (731–798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
  • Al-Saghani (–990), one of the earliest historians of science
  • Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048), Anthropology”,Indology
  • Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist
  • Ibn Miskawayh (932–1030), economist
  • Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist
  • Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist
  • Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist
  • Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist
  • Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist
  • Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of social sciences such as demography,cultural history,historiography,philosophy of history,sociology and economics
  • Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist

Geographers and earth scientists[edit]

Mathematicians[edit]

Philosophers[edit]

For a detailed list of Muslim philosophers, refer to the List of Muslim philosophers, this list only includes philosophers who were active in the medieval Islamic world.

Physicists and engineers[edit]

  • Mimar Sinan (1489–1588), also known as Koca Mi’mâr Sinân Âğâ
  • Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
  • Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
  • Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
  • Al-Saghani (d. 990)
  • Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
  • Ibn Sahl, 10th century
  • Ibn Yunus, 10th century
  • Al-Karaji, 10th century
  • Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, optics, and experimental physics
  • Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics
  • Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
  • Al-Khazini, 12th century
  • Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
  • Hibat Allah Abu’l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
  • Ibn Rushd (Averroes), 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
  • Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer
  • Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
  • Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
  • Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
  • Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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