[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/list-of-ursids-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/list-of-ursids-wikipedia\/","headline":"List of ursids – Wikipedia","name":"List of ursids – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Species in mammal family Ursidae Ursidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora,","datePublished":"2016-10-01","dateModified":"2016-10-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/e\/e7\/Cscr-featured.svg\/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/e\/e7\/Cscr-featured.svg\/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png","height":"19","width":"20"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/list-of-ursids-wikipedia\/","wordCount":11378,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSpecies in mammal family Ursidae  Ursidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, which includes the giant panda, brown bear, and polar bear, and many other extant or extinct mammals. A member of this family is called a bear or an ursid. They are widespread across the Americas and Eurasia. Bear habitats are generally forests, though some species can be found in grassland and savana regions, and the polar bear lives in arctic and aquatic habitats. Most bears are 1.2\u20132\u00a0m (4\u20137\u00a0ft) long, plus a 3\u201320\u00a0cm (1\u20138\u00a0in) tail, though the polar bear is 2.2\u20132.44\u00a0m (7\u20138\u00a0ft) long, and some subspecies of brown bear can be up to 2.8\u00a0m (9\u00a0ft). Weights range greatly from the sun bear, which can be as low as 35\u00a0kg (77\u00a0lb), to the polar bear, which can be as high as 726\u00a0kg (1,600\u00a0lb). Population sizes vary, with six species classified as vulnerable with populations as low as 500, while the brown bear has a population of over 100,000 and the American black bear around 800,000. Many bear species primarily eat specific foods, such as seals for the polar bear or termites and fruit for the sloth bear, but with the exception of the giant panda, which exclusively eats bamboo, ursids are omnivorous when necessary. No ursid species have been domesticated, though some bears have been trained for entertainment.[1]The eight species of Ursidae are split into five genera in three subfamilies: the monotypic Ailuropodinae, the panda bears; Tremarctinae, the short-faced bears; and Ursinae, containing all other extant bears. Extinct species have also been placed into all three extant subfamilies, as well as three extinct ones: Agriotheriinae, Hemicyoninae, and Ursavinae. Over 100 extinct Ursidae species have been found, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.Table of ContentsConventions[edit]Classification[edit]Subfamily Ailuropodinae[edit]Subfamily Tremarctinae[edit]Subfamily Ursinae[edit]Prehistoric ursids[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Conventions[edit]Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol ““. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.Classification[edit]The family Ursidae consists of eight extant species belonging to five genera in three subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include ursid hybrid species such as grizzly\u2013polar bear hybrids or extinct prehistoric species.The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis; this includes the division of the giant panda into two subspecies. There are several additional proposals which are disputed, such as reclassifying the subspecies of the brown bear into a smaller set of clades,[2][3] which are not included here.Subfamily Ailuropodinae[edit]Genus Ailuropoda \u2013 H. Milne-Edwards, 1870 \u2013 one speciesCommon nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated populationGiant pandaA. melanoleuca (David, 1869)Central ChinaSize: 150\u2013180\u00a0cm (59\u201371\u00a0in) long, plus 10\u201315\u00a0cm (4\u20136\u00a0in) tail80\u2013123\u00a0kg (176\u2013271\u00a0lb)[4][5]Habitat: Forest[6]Diet: Eats only bamboo[6]\u00a0VU\u00a0500\u20131,000 [6]Subfamily Tremarctinae[edit]Genus Tremarctos \u2013 Gervais, 1855 \u2013 one speciesCommon nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated populationSpectacled bearT. ornatus (F. Cuvier, 1825)Andes mountains in South AmericaSize: 120\u2013200\u00a0cm (47\u201379\u00a0in) long, plus 7\u00a0cm (3\u00a0in) tail60\u2013175\u00a0kg (132\u2013386\u00a0lb)[7]Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[8]Diet: Primarily eats bromeliads and palm trees, as well as cattle, other mammals, and fruit[8]\u00a0VU\u00a02,500\u201310,000 [8]Subfamily Ursinae[edit]Genus Helarctos \u2013 Horsfield, 1825 \u2013 one speciesCommon nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated populationSun bearH. malayanus (Raffles, 1821) H. m. euryspilus (Bornean sun bear) H. m. malayanus (Malayan sun bear)Southeast Asia (current range in brown, former in black)Size: 120\u2013150\u00a0cm (47\u201359\u00a0in) long, plus 3\u20137\u00a0cm (1\u20133\u00a0in) tail35\u201380\u00a0kg (77\u2013176\u00a0lb)[9][10]Habitat: Forest and shrubland[11]Diet: Primarily eats termites, ants, beetle larvae, bee larvae, honey, and fruit[11]\u00a0VU\u00a050,000[12][11]Genus Melursus \u2013 Meyer, 1793 \u2013 one speciesCommon nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated populationSloth bearM. ursinus (Shaw, 1791)India (current range in green, former in black)Size: 150\u2013180\u00a0cm (59\u201371\u00a0in) long, plus 7\u201312\u00a0cm (3\u20135\u00a0in) tail54\u2013141\u00a0kg (119\u2013311\u00a0lb)[13]Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, forest, and savanna[14]Diet: Primarily eats termites and fruit[14]\u00a0VU\u00a06,000\u201320,000[14][15][14]Genus Ursus \u2013 Linnaeus, 1758 \u2013 four speciesCommon nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated populationAmerican black bearU. americanus Pallas, 1780 U. a. altifrontalis (Olympic black bear) U. a. amblyceps (New Mexico black bear) U. a. americanus (Eastern black bear) U. a. californiensis (California black bear) U. a. carlottae (Haida Gwaii black bear) U. a. cinnamomum (Cinnamon bear) U. a. emmonsii (Glacier bear) U. a. eremicus (East Mexican black bear) U. a. floridanus (Florida black bear) U. a. hamiltoni (Newfoundland black bear) U. a. kermodei (Kermode bear) U. a. luteolus (Louisiana black bear) U. a. machetes (West Mexican black bear) U. a. perniger (Kenai black bear) U. a. pugnax (Dall Island black bear) U. a. vancouveri (Vancouver Island black bear)North America (current range in red, former in pink)Size: 120\u2013200\u00a0cm (47\u201379\u00a0in) long, plus 8\u201314\u00a0cm (3\u20136\u00a0in) tail39\u2013409\u00a0kg (86\u2013902\u00a0lb)[16]Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, grassland, shrubland, and desert[17]Diet: Omnivorous; eats vegetation, roots, buds, fruit, nuts, insects, fish, mammals, and carrion[17]\u00a0LC\u00a0735,000\u2013941,000[18][17]Asian black bearU. thibetanus Cuvier, 1823South and East Asia (current range in brown, former in black)Size: 120\u2013180\u00a0cm (47\u201371\u00a0in) long, plus 6\u201311\u00a0cm (2\u20134\u00a0in) tail65\u2013150\u00a0kg (143\u2013331\u00a0lb)[19]Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[20]Diet: Eats vegetation, insects, fruit, nuts, ungulates, and livestock[20]\u00a0VU\u00a050,000[12][20]Brown bearU. arctos Linnaeus, 1758Northern North America and Europe, and northern and central AsiaSize: 100\u2013280\u00a0cm (39\u2013110\u00a0in) long, plus 6\u201320\u00a0cm (2\u20138\u00a0in) tail80\u2013550\u00a0kg (176\u20131,213\u00a0lb)[21]Habitat: Desert, forest, inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[22]Diet: Omnivorous; eats grasses, herbs, roots, berries, nuts, insects, mammals, and fish[22]\u00a0LC\u00a0110,000 [22]Polar bearU. maritimus Mulgrave, 1774Polar North America and AsiaSize: 220\u2013244\u00a0cm (87\u201396\u00a0in) long, plus 7\u201313\u00a0cm (3\u20135\u00a0in) tail408\u2013726\u00a0kg (900\u20131,600\u00a0lb)[23]Habitat: Marine oceanic, shrubland, forest, grassland, marine coastal\/supratidal, and marine intertidal[24]Diet: Primarily eats seals, as well as walruses, beluga whales, birds, fish, vegetation and kelp[24]\u00a0VU\u00a023,000[25][24]Prehistoric ursids[edit]In addition to extant bears, a number of prehistoric species have been discovered and classified as a part of Ursidae. In addition to being placed within the three extant subfamilies, they have been categorized within the extinct subfamilies Agriotheriinae, Hemicyoninae, and Ursavinae, some of which are subdivided into named tribes. There is no generally accepted classification of extinct ursid species. The species listed here are based on data from the Paleobiology Database, unless otherwise cited. Where available, the approximate time period the species was extant is given in millions of years before the present (Mya), also based on data from the Paleobiology Database.[26] All listed species are extinct; where a genus or subfamily within Ursidae comprises only extinct species, it is indicated with a dagger symbol .Prehistoric art of Ursus spelaeus (cave bear)See also[edit]^ a b Extinct prehistoric subspecies of an extant speciesReferences[edit]^ Findeizen, Nikolai (2008). History of Music in Russia from Antiquity to 1800, Vol. 1: From Antiquity to the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century. Indiana University Press. p.\u00a0201. ISBN\u00a0978-0-253-02637-8.^ Calvignac, S.; Hughes, S.; Tougard, C.; Michaux, J.; Thevenot, M.; Philippe, M.; Hamdine, W.; Hanni, C. (2008). “Ancient DNA evidence for the loss of a highly divergent brown bear clade during historical times” (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 17 (8): 1962\u20131970. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-294x.2008.03631.x. PMID\u00a018363668. S2CID\u00a023361337.^ Lan, T.; Gill, S.; Bellemain, E.; Bischof, R.; Zawaz, M. A.; Lindqvist, C. (2017). “Evolutionary history of enigmatic bears in the Tibetan Plateau\u2013Himalaya region and the identity of the yeti”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1868): 20171804. doi:10.1098\/rspb.2017.1804. PMC\u00a05740279. PMID\u00a029187630.^ Bies, LeeAnn (2002). “Ailuropoda melanoleuca“. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved March 24, 2020.^ “Physical Description”. Knowledge Hub. World Wide Fund for Nature. Retrieved March 24, 2020.^ a b c Swaisgood, R.; Wang, D.; Wei, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. “Ailuropoda melanoleuca“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T712A121745669.^ “Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)”. ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2020.^ a b c Velez-Liendo, X.; Garc\u00eda-Rangel, S. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. “Tremarctos ornatus“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22066A45034047. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22066A45034047.en.^ “Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)”. ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2020.^ Brown, Gary (February 1996). Great Bear Almanac. The Lyons Press. p.\u00a0340. ISBN\u00a0978-1-55821-474-3.^ a b c Scotson, L.; Fredriksson, G.; Augeri, D.; Cheah, C.; Ngoprasert, D.; Wai-Ming, W. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. “Helarctos malayanus“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T9760A45033547. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9760A45033547.en.^ a b Dickson, B. (November 5, 2013). Endangered Species Threatened Convention. Routledge. p.\u00a082. ISBN\u00a0978-1-134-19434-6.^ “Sloth Bear”. The Photo Ark. National Geographic. 12 March 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2020.^ a b c d Dharaiya, N.; Bargali, H. S.; Sharp, T. (2020) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. “Melursus ursinus“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13143A166519315. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T13143A166519315.en.^ Ramesh, T.; Kalle, R.; Sankar, K.; Qureshi, Q. (2012). “Factors affecting habitat patch use by sloth bears in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India”. Ursus. 23 (1): 78\u201385. doi:10.2192\/URSUS-D-11-00006.1. JSTOR\u00a041818973. S2CID\u00a086410436.^ Dewey, Tanya; Kronk, Christine (2007). “Ursus americanus“. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved March 24, 2020.^ a b c Garshelis, D. L.; Scheick, B. K.; Doan-Crider, D. L.; Beecham, J. J.; Obbard, M. E. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. “Ursus americanus“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41687A45034604. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41687A45034604.en.^ “Black Bear Study Finds Growing Populations, But Combating Illegal Trade Remains a Challenge”. WWF News and Reports. World Wide Fund for Nature. April 30, 2002. Retrieved February 29, 2020.^ Goodness, Tracie (2004). “Ursus thibetanus“. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved March 24, 2020.^ a b c Garshelis, D.; Steinmetz, R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. “Ursus thibetanus“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22824A45034242. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22824A45034242.en.^ “Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Fact Sheet: Physical Characteristics”. San Diego Zoo Global Library. San Diego Zoo. October 15, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2020.^ a b c McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D.; Michel, S. (2017) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. “Ursus arctos“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en.^ “Polar Bear”. The Photo Ark. National Geographic. September 10, 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2020.^ a b c Wiig, \u00d8.; Amstrup, S.; Atwood, T.; Laidre, K.; Lunn, N.; Obbard, M.; Regehr, E.; Thiemann, G. (2015). “Ursus maritimus“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T22823A14871490. doi:10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22823A14871490.en.^ Hamilton, S. G.; Derocher, A. E. (2019). “Assessment of global polar bear abundance and vulnerability”. Animal Conservation. 22 (1): 83\u201395. doi:10.1111\/acv.12439. S2CID\u00a092716329.^ “Fossilworks: Ursidae”. Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. Retrieved December 17, 2021.^ Qiu, Z.; Qi, G. (1989). “Y\u00fann\u00e1n l\u00f9 f\u0113ng w\u01cen zh\u014dng x\u012bn sh\u00ec de d\u00e0 xi\u00f3ngm\u0101o z\u01d4xi\u0101n hu\u00e0sh\u00ed” \u4e91\u5357\u7984\u4e30\u665a\u4e2d\u65b0\u4e16\u7684\u5927\u718a\u732b\u7956\u5148\u5316\u77f3 [Ailuropod Found From the Late Miocene Deposits in Lufeng, Yunnan] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 27 (3): 153\u2013169.^ Sabol, M. (2001). “Fossil Brown Bears of Slovakia (Los osos pardos f\u00f3siles de Eslovaquia)” (PDF). Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeol\u00f3xico de Laxe. Bratislava. 26: 311\u2013316. ISSN\u00a00213-4497.^ Garc\u00eda, N.; Santos, E.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Carretero, J. M. (December 2007). “Endocranial morphology of the Ursus deningeri von Reichenau 1904 from the Sima de los huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca) middle Pleistocene site”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 1007\u20131017. doi:10.1671\/0272-4634(2007)27[1007:EMOTUD]2.0.CO;2. S2CID\u00a083501403.^ Garc\u0131\u0301a, N.; Arsuaga, J. L. (June 15, 2001). “Ursus dolinensis4: a new species of Early Pleistocene ursid from Trinchera Dolina, Atapuerca (Spain)”. Comptes Rendus de l’Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, S\u00e9rie IIA. 332 (11): 717\u2013725. Bibcode:2001CRASE.332..717G. doi:10.1016\/S1251-8050(01)01588-9.^ P\u00e9rez-Hidalgo, T.; Jos\u00e9, T. (1992). “The European descendants of Ursus etruscus C. Cuvier (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae)”. Bolet\u00edn del Instituto Geol\u00f3gico y Minero de Espa\u00f1a. 103 (4): 632\u2013642.^ Rabeder, G.; Hofreiter, M.; Nagel, D.; Withalm, G. (January 2004). “New taxa of alpine cave bears (Ursidae, Carnivora)”. Cahiers scientifiques-Mus\u00e9um d’histoire naturelle de Lyon. 2 (2): 49\u201367.^ Kurt\u00e9n, B. (1964). “The evolution of the polar bear, Ursus maritimus Phipps”. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 108: 1\u201326. hdl:10138\/37762.^ Baryshnikov, G.; Foronova, I. (January 2001). “Pleistocene small cave bear (Ursus rossicus) from the South Siberia, Russia” (PDF). Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeol\u00f3xico de Laxe. 26: 373\u2013398. ISSN\u00a00213-4497. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2020-03-24.By classBy subclass or infraclassBy orderBy suborder or familyArtiodactylaCarnivoraChiropteraDiprotodontiaLagomorphaPrimatesBy speciesWikimedia ErrorOur servers are currently under maintenance or experiencing a technical problem.Please try again in a few\u00a0minutes.See the error message at the bottom of this page for more\u00a0information. "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/list-of-ursids-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"List of ursids – Wikipedia"}}]}]