[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/tropical-storm-cindy-1963-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/tropical-storm-cindy-1963-wikipedia\/","headline":"Tropical Storm Cindy (1963) – Wikipedia","name":"Tropical Storm Cindy (1963) – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Atlantic tropical storm in 1963 after-content-x4 Tropical Storm Cindy was a strong tropical storm which impacted portions of the","datePublished":"2016-02-13","dateModified":"2016-02-13","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Cindy_1963_track.png\/275px-Cindy_1963_track.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Cindy_1963_track.png\/275px-Cindy_1963_track.png","height":"170","width":"275"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/tropical-storm-cindy-1963-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":2263,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Atlantic tropical storm in 1963       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Tropical Storm Cindy was a strong tropical storm which impacted portions of the United States Gulf Coast in September 1963. The third named storm of the 1963 Atlantic hurricane season, Cindy developed within a trough as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico on 16\u00a0September. The disturbance quickly intensified, with a distinct eye becoming visible on satellite imagery as it drifted north-northwestwards toward the Texas coastline. After peaking with 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km\/h), it made landfall at High Island on the morning of 17\u00a0September at peak strength with an atmospheric pressure of 997\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.44\u00a0inHg). Cindy remained nearly stationary for almost a day, dropping copious rainfall over the Texas coastal plain, before finally turning west-southwestward and dissipating west of Corpus Christi on 20\u00a0September.Hurricane watches and warnings were issued prior to Cindy’s landfall, hastening evacuations in coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas, with many refugees seeking safety in local shelters. Although tide and wind damage was minimal, extreme rainfall totaling upwards of 23.50\u00a0in (597\u00a0mm) resulted in severe flooding in many areas of the Texas coastal plain; 4,000\u00a0homes were inundated in Jefferson, Orange, and Newton counties, many of them after a levee ruptured in Port Acres. Dozens of residents were forced to flee in rising flood waters, and many streets and roadways became impassable as a result of Cindy’s flooding. Strong winds shattered glass windows, and schools throughout southeastern Texas were closed due to the hurricane. Widespread crop damage was observed, with rice, cotton, and pecan harvests suffering the worst. Overall, damage amounted to $12.5\u00a0million (1963\u00a0USD), and three deaths were recorded.[nb 1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsMeteorological history[edit]Preparations and impact[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Meteorological history[edit]  Map plotting the storm’s track and intensity, according to the Saffir\u2013Simpson scaleMap key       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4 \u00a0 Tropical\u00a0depression (\u226438\u00a0mph,\u00a0\u226462\u00a0km\/h)\u00a0 Tropical\u00a0storm (39\u201373\u00a0mph,\u00a063\u2013118\u00a0km\/h)\u00a0 Category\u00a01 (74\u201395\u00a0mph,\u00a0119\u2013153\u00a0km\/h)\u00a0 Category\u00a02 (96\u2013110\u00a0mph,\u00a0154\u2013177\u00a0km\/h)\u00a0 Category\u00a03 (111\u2013129\u00a0mph,\u00a0178\u2013208\u00a0km\/h)\u00a0 Category\u00a04 (130\u2013156\u00a0mph,\u00a0209\u2013251\u00a0km\/h)\u00a0 Category\u00a05 (\u2265157\u00a0mph,\u00a0\u2265252\u00a0km\/h)\u00a0 Unknown The origins of Cindy can be traced to a low-pressure area which formed within a trough positioned approximately 200\u00a0mi (320\u00a0km) east-northeast of Brownsville, Texas on 16\u00a0September, though inclement weather had been reported in the Gulf of Mexico the previous two days. The disturbance soon strengthened into a tropical storm, developing a well-defined circulation near 1800\u00a0UTC.[1] By the afternoon, it had become well-organized enough to prompt the New Orleans Weather Bureau office to initiate advisories on the storm, christening it Cindy.[2] A distinct eye was noted on radar around 2000\u00a0UTC, and around then a maritime report issued by the SS Sabine documented winds of hurricane intensity, which was the forecasters’ basis for operationally upgrading the storm to a hurricane. While operationally classified as a Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km\/h), a reanalysis of the storm in November 2019 as part of the ongoing Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project determined that Cindy never reached hurricane intensity, instead peaking as a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km\/h).[3]Despite its favorable environment, Cindy remained disorganized, featuring an asymmetric 20\u00a0mi (32\u00a0km)-wide eye; little further strengthening occurred over the course of the night.[2] Upon Cindy’s landfall at High Island the following morning, its atmospheric pressure was measured at 996\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.41\u00a0inHg),[1] and winds reached 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km\/h).[4] Soon after moving ashore, Cindy became nearly stationary for 18\u00a0hours,[1] maintaining tropical storm status before weakening to a tropical depression at 1200\u00a0UTC on 18\u00a0September.[4] The remnants of Cindy gradually turned westward-to-southwestward and decreased in strength during 18 and 19\u00a0September. As a result of its abnormally slow movement and deterioration, extremely heavy rains were recorded over Texas and Louisiana, especially in the storm’s northeastern quadrant.[1] Cindy finally dissipated on 20\u00a0September while situated west of Corpus Christi.[4]Preparations and impact[edit]In advance of Cindy’s arrival, a hurricane watch was issued between Freeport, Texas and Grand Isle, Louisiana on 16\u00a0September. The New Orleans Weather Bureau office imposed a hurricane warning between Galveston, Texas and Vermilion Bay, Louisiana three hours later, and additionally replaced the earlier hurricane watch with a gale warning. After making landfall on the morning of 17\u00a0September, the hurricane warning for Cindy was discontinued, though flood warnings and small craft warnings remained in effect for coastal areas of southeastern Texas.[2] Mandatory evacuations were ordered for low-lying areas along a 300\u00a0mi (480\u00a0km) arc, and five buses were sent to help in evacuation efforts in Sabine County, Texas. Meanwhile, the Texas civil defense and disaster relief agency and other related organizations prepared for the storm as governor of Texas John Connally declared a state of emergency.[5] In Cameron Parish, Louisiana, approximately 5,000\u00a0individuals left the area prior to the storm,[6] while 6,000\u00a0fled in the state as a whole; in neighboring Texas, 3,600\u00a0individuals living along the state’s shoreline heeded the Weather Bureau’s warnings, evacuating to higher ground.[2] Emergency shelters opened along the Gulf Coast, with 1,500\u00a0taking refuge in Port Arthur, Texas, 525\u00a0in Beaumont, 1,078\u00a0in Galveston,[7] 300\u00a0in Port Bolivar, and 475\u00a0total in Texas City, Hitchcock, and Lamarque.[8] A state of emergency was declared in the city of Lake Charles, Louisiana, where officials prepared to feed up to 10,000\u00a0refugees as the Salvation Army and other relief agencies’ volunteers were deployed to the region.[7]  Black-and-white radar imagery of CindyOne shrimp boat was initially reported missing and the tug Myra White transmitted a distress signal as its engines failed near an oil rig off of Galveston. High winds shattered glass windows at Port Arthur, Texas City, and Galveston, while schools were shut down in Galveston, Lamarque, Texas City, Alvin, and most of Galveston and Jefferson counties. Despite a brief power outage at Lamarque, electricity was quickly restored after the storm.[8] Powerful gusts downed branches, electrical poles, and tore off shingles in Port Arthur and Galveston, but damage was minimal at High Island, where Cindy made landfall.[6] The U.S. Coast Guard responded to four requests for assistance at Galveston, and nine vessels attempted to seek refuge at Port Arthur; the Coast Guard eventually permitted six to enter, and the other three apparently traveled to Galveston.[9] Meanwhile, to the northwest, the port of Houston was closed for the duration of the storm.[10] Trucks and boats were dispatched by civil defense officials in Jefferson County after declaring a state of emergency following numerous requests for assistance by residents of flooded homes. Two children, initially unaccounted for, were later found safe under a bridge abutment.[11]In Amelia, a suburb of Beaumont, officials helped residents in low-lying neighborhoods to higher ground, and in Beaumont proper, flooding inundated streets, rendering some impassible.[12] The hurricane partially defoliated palm trees, leaving palm fronds on streets and roadways, and several structures were toppled or damaged along the coast. Overall damage, however, was minimal.[13] An 8\u00a0ft (2.4\u00a0m) levee sheltering Port Acres ruptured, forcing residents to stack 11,000\u00a0sandbags and dump sand to protect the suburb. There, storm waters inundated homes up to roof level, and after carp were swept into local farm fields, many locals fished for them with clubs; nearby, industrial complexes in Jefferson and Orange counties endured severe damage as well. Boats were tossed into the streets of Beaumont, and numerous highways were unusable for travel due to high water;[14] the widespread flooding forced police to rescue 30\u00a0residents in the Beaumont area.[15] The storm inundated rice, cotton, and pecan crops, with rice harvests suffering the worst impacts.[6] Two men left stranded on a burning fishing boat 50\u00a0mi (80\u00a0km) off of Morgan City, Louisiana were later rescued by the U.S. Coast Guard without issue.[9]Tides and winds resulted in few problems, with flooding causing the majority of Cindy’s damage; storm surge reached 3 to 5\u00a0ft (0.91 to 1.52\u00a0m) above normal levels, enough to destroy only a few piers and damage several boats. The hurricane’s abnormally slow trajectory over the Texas coastal plain led to extremely high rainfall totals being measured in parts of Jefferson, Orange, and Newton counties in Texas, where storm waters inundated 4,000\u00a0homes, and Calcasieu and Vermilion parishes in Louisiana. The most extreme rainfall totals were measured in Deweyville, Texas, where 23.50\u00a0in (597\u00a0mm) of precipitation fell over a three-day period, with 20.60\u00a0in (523\u00a0mm) alone falling in 24\u00a0hours.[1] Farther north, Cindy inundated 25\u00a0businesses and 35\u00a0homes in Guthrie, Oklahoma, where up to 2.5\u00a0ft (0.76\u00a0m) of water forced 300\u00a0residents to flee.[16] Upwards of $11.7\u00a0million (1963\u00a0USD) in property damage was noted, and crop damage reached $500,000\u00a0in Texas and $360,000\u00a0in Louisiana; one man drowned after falling overboard on a boat taking oil rig personnel back to land, while two others drowned under high waters at Port Acres. Overall, Cindy inflicted $12.5\u00a0million in damage and three deaths.[1]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki19\/tropical-storm-cindy-1963-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Tropical Storm Cindy (1963) – Wikipedia"}}]}]