[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/863-program-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/863-program-wikipedia\/","headline":"863 Program – Wikipedia","name":"863 Program – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Chinese technology program The 863 program (Chinese: 863\u8ba1\u5212) or State High-Tech Development Plan","datePublished":"2020-09-06","dateModified":"2020-09-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/863-program-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3446,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Chinese technology programThe 863 program (Chinese: 863\u8ba1\u5212) or State High-Tech Development Plan (Chinese: \u56fd\u5bb6\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212) was a program funded and administered by the government of the People’s Republic of China intended to stimulate the development of advanced technologies in a wide range of fields for the purpose of rendering China independent of financial obligations for foreign technologies.[1] It was inspired by the Strategic Defense Initiative proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1983, and was ended in 2016.[2][3][4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4On March 3, 1986, the program was suggested by Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi, and Chen Fangyun in a letter to China’s paramount leader Deng Xiaoping, who approved the program within 2 days.[5][6] The program was initially led by Zhao Ziyang, who was the Premier of China at the time, and received a governmental fund of 10 billion RMB in 1986, which accounts for 5% of the total government spending that year.[4][6][7]Among the products known to have resulted from the 863 program are the Loongson computer processor family (originally named  Godson), the Tianhe supercomputers and the Shenzhou spacecraft.[8][9][10]Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4History[edit]Outline[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]Named after its date of establishment (March 1986, 86\/3 by the Chinese date format), the 863 Program was proposed in a letter to the Chinese government by scientists Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi, and Chen Fangyun and endorsed by Deng Xiaoping.[11] After its implementation during the Seventh Five-Year Plan, the program continued to operate through the two five-year plans that followed, with state financing of around 11 billion RMB and an output of around 2000 patents (national and international).[12]Under the plan, about US$200 billion was to be spent on information and communication technologies, of which US$150 billion was earmarked for telecommunications.In 1996 the key technological field of Marine Technology was added.The implementation took place during the Seventh Five-Year Plan and an update has been made during the period of the Tenth, which lasted from 2001 to 2005.In 2001, under the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the program was reevaluated in consultation with foreign experts. The result was a widened focus to strengthen the competitiveness of China in the global economy.[13] The evaluation practice has been included into the program as a project management system.[14]In a 2011 court case, Chinese-born scientist Huang Kexue was found guilty of stealing commercial secrets from US-based corporations and passing at least some of this information to the 863 program.[15]Outline[edit]The program initially focused on seven key technological fields:[16]Since 1986, two more fields have been brought under the umbrella of the program:See also[edit]References[edit]^ Wu, Hequan (6 August 2002), “The progress of communication technology subject of hi-tech research development plan of China”, International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000, Beijing, 1: 3\u20134, doi:10.1109\/ICCT.2000.889157, ISBN\u00a00-7803-6394-9, S2CID\u00a060832883^ Zhi, Qiang; Pearson, Margaret M. (July 2017). “China’s Hybrid Adaptive Bureaucracy: The Case of the 863 Program for Science and Technology” (PDF). Governance. 30 (3): 407\u2013424. doi:10.1111\/gove.12245.^ “\u65b0\u534e\u793e\uff1a”973″”863″\u53d6\u6d88\u540e\u79d1\u7814\u548b\u529e\uff1f\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u6b63\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8”. Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Retrieved 29 November 2019.^ a b Gewirtz, Julian (February 2019). “The Futurists of Beijing: Alvin Toffler, Zhao Ziyang, and China’s “New Technological Revolution,” 1979\u20131991″. The Journal of Asian Studies. 78 (1): 115\u2013140. doi:10.1017\/S0021911818002619. ISSN\u00a00021-9118.^ “Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China”. www.most.gov.cn. Retrieved 29 November 2019.^ a b “1986\u5e74\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4eb2\u81ea\u51b3\u7b56\u542f\u52a8”863″\u8ba1\u5212–\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7f51–\u4eba\u6c11\u7f51”. cpc.people.com.cn. Retrieved 29 November 2019.^ Karplus, Valerie J.; Deng, Xing Wang (17 December 2007). Agricultural Biotechnology in China: Origins and Prospects. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN\u00a0978-0-387-71138-6.^ “Designing Quad-Core Loongson-3 Processor”. english.ict.cas.cn. Retrieved 29 November 2019.^ “Scientific Innovation and China’s Military Modernization”. thediplomat.com. Retrieved 29 November 2019.^ “Shenzhou”. China Space Report. 10 September 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2019.^ Feigenbaum, Evan A. (2003). China’s Techno-warriors: National Security and Strategic Competition from the Nuclear to the Information Age. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p.\u00a0141. ISBN\u00a0978-0-8047-4601-4. OCLC\u00a049415750.^ Science & Technology Newsletter No.380: 863 Program Creates RMB 56 Billion, Ministry of Science & Technology of the People’s Republic of China (MOST), archived from the original on 20 November 2014^ “National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program)”. Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved 1 April 2015.: 1. Orientation and Objectives, 2. Major Tasks.^ “National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program)”. Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved 1 April 2015.: 4. Organization and Management, 2) Project Management.^ BBC News Chinese scientist Huang Kexue jailed for trade theft December, 22nd 2011^ Ke Yan (Ke, Yan), Science and Technology in China, German Edition (Beijing 2005), p.109 Passages readable onlineExternal links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/863-program-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"863 Program – Wikipedia"}}]}]