[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/santos-sao-paulo-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/santos-sao-paulo-wikipedia\/","headline":"Santos, S\u00e3o Paulo – Wikipedia","name":"Santos, S\u00e3o Paulo – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Municipality in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil after-content-x4 Santos (Portuguese pronunciation:\u00a0[\u02c8s\u0250\u0303tus] (listen), Saints) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of","datePublished":"2020-09-15","dateModified":"2020-09-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png","height":"11","width":"11"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/santos-sao-paulo-wikipedia\/","wordCount":8165,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Municipality in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Santos (Portuguese pronunciation:\u00a0[\u02c8s\u0250\u0303tus] (listen), Saints) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of S\u00e3o Paulo, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Br\u00e1s Cubas.[3] It is located mostly on the island of S\u00e3o Vicente, which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of S\u00e3o Vicente, and partially on the mainland. It is the main city in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista.[4] The population is 433,656 (2020 est.) in an area of 280.67\u00a0km2 (108.37\u00a0sq\u00a0mi).[5] The city is home to the Coffee Museum, where world coffee prices were once negotiated. There is also a football memorial, dedicated to the city’s greatest players, which includes Pel\u00e9, who spent the majority of his career with Santos Futebol Clube. Its beachfront garden, 5,335\u00a0m (5,834\u00a0yd) in length, figures in Guinness World Records as the largest beachfront garden in the world.Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4History[edit]Early colonization[edit]Twentieth Century[edit]Geography[edit]Insular area[edit]Beaches[edit]Islands[edit]Climate[edit]Economy[edit]Transportation[edit]Airport and Air Force Base[edit]Notable people[edit]Twin towns \u2013 sister cities[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.  (June 2013)Early colonization[edit]There are reports about the island of S\u00e3o Vicente just two years after the official discovery of Brazil, in 1502, with the expedition of Amerigo Vespucci to explore the Brazilian coast. When passing through the island formerly named Goia\u00f3 (or Guaia\u00f3) by the natives, the expedition decided to give it the name of Sao Vincente, for the day’s saint. [6][7][8]However, in 1531, due to the decline of the Portuguese crown’s business in India, Brazil rose on importance. King D. Jo\u00e3o III sent for a squad for the demarcation of territories on the island of S\u00e3o Vicente. The captain, Martim Afonso de Sousa, discovered a small village and a dock, known as Porto de S\u00e3o Vicente. One of the exiles brought by Amerigo Vespucci’s expedition, Cosme Fernandes, had founded the trading village, which had boomed. Miguel Alfonso took the town by force, granting land on the island to settlers.[6][7][8]In 1543, with the completion of the construction of a chapel on a hillock in honor of Santa Catarina by Lu\u00eds de G\u00f3is, Br\u00e1s Cubas ordered the port to be moved to the site of Enguagua\u00e7u, which was calmer. The town booked to facilitate the trade that was unlocked with this move. The Portuguese nobleman ordered the construction of Brazil’s second, and at the time only hospital, as Hospital da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia is closed, similar to the Santa Casa de Lisboa. The hospital was called Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Todos os Santos in Olinda was closed. [9][10] The new town of Enguagua\u00e7u was then known as the town of Todos os Santos. There is speculation that the name Santos would come from the port of Santos in Lisbon, similar to the location of the new settlement. Hence, the region close to Outeiro was known as “Vila do Porto de Santos”, and later, just “Santos”.[6][7][8]Twentieth Century[edit]The export of coffee from the Port of Santos gave rise to the city and mostly accounted for the wealth of the city at the turn of the 20th century. Export and import through its port have made it the modern city one finds today and turned it into the indispensable outlet for the production of the powerhouse that is S\u00e3o Paulo State. Adorning the landscape of the port city are the canals that are over a hundred years old. In 1899, Santos was the point of entry for the bubonic plague into Brazil.[11] In 1924 it became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santos.In October 2006, light crude oil was discovered off the coast in the Santos basin.[12]Santos became a tourist city from the 1910s onwards, with the construction of the International Hotel and Parque Balne\u00e1rio and the construction of the beach front gardens in 1935. To this day, tourism in Santos is one of the main economic activities, mainly linked to beaches and historical heritage.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Geography[edit]Santos is about 31\u00a0km (19\u00a0mi) from the metropolis S\u00e3o Paulo, capital of the state S\u00e3o Paulo, which is also the most populous city in Brazil.The municipality contains the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, created in 1993, the first marine park to be created by the state.[13]It is divided into two distinct geographic areas: the heavily urbanized island and the continental area, about 70% of which is protected.[citation needed] The areas differ radically in terms of population, economy and geography.Insular area[edit]Santos partially lies on the island of S\u00e3o Vicente (Saint Vincent), whose territory is divided with the neighboring municipality of S\u00e3o Vicente. It is a densely urbanized area of 39.4\u00a0km2 (15.2\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) that houses almost all the inhabitants of the city. It includes a flat area – Plain Coastal extension of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo – which has altitudes that rarely go above twenty meters above sea level, and an area composed of isolated hills called the Mass of S\u00e3o Vicente, the former home and endowed an urban illegal occupation with a mix of families characterized by high and low incomes,[citation needed] whose height does not exceed 200 meters above sea level.The flat region of the island is almost completely devoid of native vegetation, although in the north region of the island – especially in the Alemoa, Chico de Paula and Sabo\u00f3 neighbourhoods – there are still remnants of mangroves. Before the occupation of the area of the island by ‘ch\u00e1caras’ – rural residences, and subsequently by urbanization, there was a vast flooded land covered by mangroves, the native Atlantic Forest, and coastal vegetation.On the city hills one can still find vast areas covered by the native Atlantic Forest, in spite of the existing ch\u00e1caras and banana harvesting farms in the area. The ‘Lagoa da Saudade’ (Homesickness Lagoon), a pond located in one of the aforementioned hills, Morro Nova Cintra, was known to host a kind of caiman. The lagoon is also a popular destination among families in the city due to its playgrounds, barbecue kiosks, picnic spots and green areas. The disordered occupation of the hills represents both an environmental as well as a geological risk: the deforestation leads to frequent landslides, mainly from January to March, the traditional rainy season in the region.Most rivers in the island were channeled when engineer Saturnino de Brito designed the system of canals in the city. As examples, we can cite the rivers Dois Rios (“Two Rivers”) and Ribeir\u00e3o dos Soldados (“Soldiers Creek”), which is nowadays referred by santistas as the ‘Canal 4’ on Avenue Siqueira Campos.Major water courses cut the island in the north, such as the Rio de S\u00e3o Jorge (St. George River), which suffers from the problems of pollution and silting due to the occupation of its banks by slums.Beaches[edit]Jos\u00e9 Menino BeachPompeia BeachGonzaga BeachBoqueir\u00e3o BeachEmbar\u00e9 BeachAparecida BeachPonta da Praia BeachIslands[edit]Urubuque\u00e7aba IslandBarnab\u00e9 IslandDiana IslandClimate[edit]Despite the fact that it is located just outside the tropics, Santos has a tropical rainforest climate (K\u00f6ppen: Af) with no real dry season.[14] Tropical rainforest climates are typically found near the equator, so Santos featuring this type of climate is an exceptional situation. All months of the year averages more than 60\u00a0mm of rainfall during the course of the year. Santos features warm weather throughout the year, though June in Santos is somewhat cooler (and drier) than January. Mean temperatures in the city are around 19\u00a0\u00b0C during wintertime and around 25\u00a0\u00b0C in the summer months. Precipitation in Santos is very high, amounting to around 2,000\u00a0mm (78.7\u00a0in) annually. Santos lies in one of the few isolated regions of Brazil outside of the tropical Amazon Basin that receive more than 2,000\u00a0mm (79\u00a0in) of total average precipitation annually, although nearby Ubatuba, approximately 140\u00a0km (87\u00a0mi) to the east-northeast, is considerably wetter than Santos, receiving an average of 2,645\u00a0mm (104.1\u00a0in) of precipitation annually.Climate data for Santos, Brazil (1961\u20131990)MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYearRecord high \u00b0C (\u00b0F)42(108)40.3(104.5)38.3(100.9)37(99)37(99)34.5(94.1)35.8(96.4)38.7(101.7)40.8(105.4)38.4(101.1)40.3(104.5)40.7(105.3)42(108)Average high \u00b0C (\u00b0F)28.6(83.5)28.9(84.0)28.1(82.6)26.3(79.3)24.8(76.6)23.2(73.8)22.8(73.0)22.8(73.0)22.4(72.3)24.2(75.6)25.8(78.4)27.4(81.3)25.4(77.7)Daily mean \u00b0C (\u00b0F)25.5(77.9)25.7(78.3)25.1(77.2)23.3(73.9)21.2(70.2)19.6(67.3)18.8(65.8)19.4(66.9)20.0(68.0)21.4(70.5)23.0(73.4)24.4(75.9)22.3(72.1)Average low \u00b0C (\u00b0F)22.2(72.0)22.4(72.3)22.0(71.6)20.1(68.2)17.9(64.2)16.3(61.3)15.5(59.9)16.2(61.2)17.2(63.0)18.5(65.3)19.9(67.8)21.2(70.2)19.1(66.4)Record low \u00b0C (\u00b0F)14.6(58.3)14.1(57.4)15.3(59.5)10(50)8.7(47.7)4.2(39.6)2(36)4.3(39.7)7.2(45.0)10.4(50.7)8.2(46.8)13.6(56.5)2(36)Average precipitation mm (inches)255.9(10.07)220.3(8.67)221.1(8.70)193.6(7.62)144.3(5.68)106.2(4.18)121.6(4.79)78.4(3.09)130.2(5.13)146.0(5.75)162.0(6.38)210.9(8.30)1,990.6(78.37)Average precipitation days (\u2265 1.0 mm)13121212988811131214132Average relative humidity (%)79808383818177758281787979.9Mean monthly sunshine hours155.8149.4153.8144.9158.7141.3153.0136.388.3107.8132.3134.31,655.9Source: INMET[15]Economy[edit]  Treemap showing the market share of exports, by product, for the municipality of Santos, S\u00e3o Paulo in 2014 generated by DataVivaThe Port of Santos is the biggest seaport in Latin America, which handled 96 million tons and 2.7 million TEUs in 2010. It has large industrial complexes and shipping centers, which handle a large portion of the world’s coffee exports, as well as a number of other Brazilian exports including steel, oil, cars, oranges, bananas and cotton.As of 2014, the municipality of Santos was the 6th largest exporting city, by value, in Brazil by trading $4.36B (USD) worth of goods.[16] The top four products exported from Santos were raw sugar (23% of total exports), refined petroleum (16%), coffee (15%), and soybeans (13%).[17][18]Transportation[edit]Airport and Air Force Base[edit]Santos Air Force Base – BAST, a base of the Brazilian Air Force, is located in  the adjoining city of Guaruj\u00e1.The city will be served by Guaruj\u00e1 Civil Metropolitan Aerodrome, located in Guaruj\u00e1.Notable people[edit]Twin towns \u2013 sister cities[edit]  View of Downtown Santos from Serrat MountainSantos is twinned with:[19] Alajuela, Costa Rica Ansi\u00e3o, Portugal Arouca, Portugal C\u00e1diz, Spain Callao, Peru Coimbra, Portugal Col\u00f3n, Panama Constan\u021ba, Romania Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay Funchal, Portugal Havana, Cuba Kenitra, Morocco Nagasaki, Japan Ningbo, China Porto, Portugal Rizhao, China Shimonoseki, Japan Taizhou, China Trieste, Italy Ulsan, South Korea Ushuaia, Argentina Veracruz, Mexico Viseu, PortugalSee also[edit]References[edit]^ IBGE 2020^ “IDHM ranking” (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2022.^ “The City of Santos”. www.seemannsmission.org. Adelar Sch\u00fcnke and Lukas M\u00fcller. Retrieved 18 September 2014.^ Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Lei Complementar N\u00ba 815^ Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica^ a b c Santos. “Hist\u00f3ria”. Retrieved 2014-09-22.^ a b c Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arquivo e Mem\u00f3ria de Santos. “Biblioteca Virtual”. Retrieved 2014-09-22.^ a b c Benedito Lima de Toledo. “A Cidade de Santos: Iconografia e Hist\u00f3ria” (PDF). Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo. Retrieved 2014-09-22.^ “Cat\u00e1logo – ID: 44158”. IBGE. Retrieved 2018-06-08.^ “A Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Olinda e seu prestigio social e pol\u00edtico em Pernambuco”. ABHR.^ de Carval ho R; Serra-Freire N; Linardi P; de Almeida A; da Costa J (2001). “Small rodents fleas from the bubonic plague focus located in the Serra dos \u00d3rg\u00e3os Mountain Range, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil”. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 96 (5): 603\u20139. doi:10.1590\/S0074-02762001000500003. PMID\u00a011500756.^ “BG finds oil in Brazil’s Santos basin”. Forbes. 10 April 2006. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008.^ O Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos (in Portuguese), Instituto Laje Viva, retrieved 2017-01-20^ Climate Summary for Santos, S\u00e3o Paulo^ “NORMAIS CLIMATOL\u00d3GICAS DO BRASIL 1961-1990” (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 5 September 2014.^ DataViva. “Brazilian International Trade by Municipality (2014)”, DataViva. Retrieved June 24, 2015.^ DataViva. “Exports of Santos (2014)”, DataViva. Retrieved June 24, 2015.^ DataViva. “International Trade Data – Santos (2014)”, DataViva. Retrieved June 24, 2015.^ “Santos e a portuguesa Viseu se tornam cidades irm\u00e3s”. santos.sp.gov.br (in Portuguese). Santos. 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2020-05-22.External links[edit]Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Santos.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki2\/santos-sao-paulo-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Santos, S\u00e3o Paulo – Wikipedia"}}]}]