[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/2020-in-central-america-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/2020-in-central-america-wikipedia\/","headline":"2020 in Central America – Wikipedia","name":"2020 in Central America – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Central America geography after-content-x4 The following lists events that happened during 2020 in Central","datePublished":"2016-06-14","dateModified":"2016-06-14","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg\/220px-Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg\/220px-Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg.png","height":"166","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/2020-in-central-america-wikipedia\/","wordCount":22372,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia    Central America geography       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The following lists events that happened during 2020 in Central America:  Belize,  Costa Rica,  El Salvador,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua, and  Panama.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The combined population of Central America is estimated at 44.53 million (2016).[1]Table of ContentsIncumbents[edit]Belize[edit]Costa Rica[edit]El Salvador[edit]Guatemala[edit]Honduras[edit]Nicaragua[edit]Panama[edit]Monthly events[edit]January[edit]February[edit]March[edit]April[edit]May[edit]June[edit]July[edit]August[edit]September[edit]October[edit]November[edit]December[edit]Culture[edit]Film, television, and theater[edit]Literature[edit]Music[edit]Sports[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Incumbents[edit]Belize[edit] Britain granted British Honduras self-government in 1964; on June 1, 1973, it was renamed Belize. Independence was achieved on September 21, 1981. The capital is Belmopan.[2]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Costa Rica[edit] Authorities declared the independence of Central America on September 15, 1821, becoming part of the First Mexican Empire. From 1823 to 1838 it was part of the Federal Republic of Central America; in 1838 it became the Free State of Costa Rica, which gave way to the Republic of Costa Rica in 1848. The capital is San Jos\u00e9.[5]El Salvador[edit] In 1821 El Salvador became part of the First Mexican Empire, which gave way to the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823. That lasted until 1841. El Salvador was independent until it joined the Greater Republic of Central America from 1896 to 1898 when it became independent once again. The capital of the Republic of El Salvador is San Salvador.[7]Guatemala[edit] The Captaincy General of Guatemala declared independence from Spain on September 15, 1821, when it was absorbed by the Mexican Empire. From 1823 to 1841it was part of the Federal Republic of Central America. On March 21, 1847, Guatemala declared itself an independent republic. The capital of the Republic of Guatemala is Guatemala City.[9]Honduras[edit] Honduras gained independence from Spain in 1821 and was a part of the Mexican Empire until 1823, when it became part of the Federal Republic of Central America. The Republic of Honduras was established 1838. Its capital is Tegucigalpa.[11]Nicaragua[edit] The Captaincy General of Guatemala was dissolved in September 1821, and Nicaragua became part of the First Mexican Empire. In 1823, Nicaragua joined the newly formed the United Provinces of Central America, (later the Federal Republic of Central America). Nicaragua finally became an independent republic in 1838. The capital of the Republic of Nicaragua is Managua.[13]Panama[edit] The Independence of Panama from Spain was accomplished through a bloodless revolt between in November 1821 after which time it joined Gran Colombia. Panama separated from Colombia on November 3, 1903, and signed the a treaty establishing the Panama Canal Zone. The Canal Zone was abolished in 1979; the Panama Canal itself remained under joint U.S.\u2013Panamanian control until 1999. Panama City is the capital of the Republic of Panama.[15]Monthly events[edit]January[edit]January 1 \u2013 New Year’s DayJanuary 7 \u2013 The Panama Canal watershed is at its fifth driest in 70 years, according to the Panama Canal Authority.[17]January 9Martyrs’ Day (Panama)Federal marshalls in Carson City, United States, arrest Salvadoran Rene Antonio \u201cScrapy\u201d Hernandez-Mejia, whom they say was part of a terrorist organization. They intend to deport him back to El Salvador.[18]January 14 \u2013 New President Alejandro Giammattei of Guatemala takes office after a five-hour delay due to protests. Outgoing president Morales is pelted with eggs.[19]January 16Guatemala breaks off diplomatic relations with Venezuela.[20]Arrest warrants on corruption charges are issued for eight politicians in Guatemala; former congresswoman Aracely Chavarria and former mayor Angel Ren of Chich\u00e9, Guatemala, are arrested.[21]January 18January 20: Thousands of Honduran migrants and asylum-seekers battle with Mexican National Guard and try to force their way across the Suchiate River near Ayutla, San Marcos, Guatemala.[24]The Guatemala government seizes two farms belonging to former Minister of Communications, Infrastructure, and Housing, Alejandro Sinibaldi.[25]January 22 \u2013 Guatemala is seen as the fifth most corrupt country in the world.[26]January 24 \u2013 Calm returns to the Mexico-Guatemala border after 800 Honduran immigrants were arrested on January 23.[27]January 27: Guatemalan President Giammattei offers El Salvador an opportunity to build and operate a port in Guatemalan waters in the Atlantic.[28]January 31Eighty armed individuals attack the indigenous community of Mayagna Sauni, Nicaragua, located 400 kilometers from Managua, burning houses while leaving six dead and ten missing.[29]Photographer Caroline Power discovers a “blanket” of plastic measuring 5 by 3 kilometres (3 by 2\u00a0mi) near Roat\u00e1n Island, Honduras. It is believed to have been washed from the Motagua River during heavy rains in Guatemala.[30]February[edit]February 1 \u2013 The United States deported a record 4,171 Guatemalans (3,000 men, 692 women, 479 minors), a 2.27% increase over 2019, during the month of January, according to the Instituto Guatemalteco de Migraci\u00f3n (Guatemalan Institute of Migration, IGM).[31]February 2February 3February 4February 5Panamanian President Laurentino Cortizo fires Security Minister Rolando Mirones and Government Minister Carlos Romero after the February 3 prison escape of Gilberto Ventura Ceballos.[38]The government of El Salvador says it is not ready to accept asylum-seekers and will not accept them from the United States.[39]February 6 \u2013 In a visit to the Mexican Senate, the President of Guatemala, Alejandro Giammattei suggests the two countries construct  \u2018\u2019Muros de Prosperidad\u2019\u2019 (“Prosperity Walls”) in the form of an investment bank in the Mexican states of Chiapas and Tabasco and the Guatemalan departments of San Marcos, Quich\u00e9, and Huehuetenango in order to stem migration.[40]February 7February 8February 9Municipal elections in Costa Rica: Only 9 of 82 candidates for mayor are women, according to the \u2018\u2019Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres\u2019\u2019 (\u201cNational Institute of Women\u201d), (INAMU).[47]Legislators and the executive in El Salvador dispute a US$109 million loan earmarked for the police and military.[48]The Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Panama (CCIAP) requests that foreigners be allowed to work in the country in order to promote economic development.[49]February 11 \u2013 Nicaragua creates four new fuel companies in response to U.S. sanctions against the state-owned Albanisa because of alleged money laundering by members of the Daniel Ortega family.[50]February 12 \u2013 Lawmakers in Guatemala pass a controversial law giving the president the authority to restrict non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that engage in “disruptive” activities.[51]February 13 \u2013 A new metro line will go under the Panama Canal to reach western suburbs of Panama City at a cost of US$2.5 billion. It is part of a $4 billion infrastructure project including a bridge over the canal.[52]February 14Three police officers are killed in a shootout attempt to free MS-13 leader Alexander Mendoza “El Porky” in El Progreso, Yoro Department, Honduras. Mendoza escaped.[53]Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele surrounds the Legislative Palace in San Salvador with followers, police, and army snipers after God tells him the legislature must approve a $109 million loan from the United States.[54]February 15 \u2013 Authorities in Costa Rica seize a record five tons of cocaine worth $130 million in the port of Lim\u00f3n.[55]February 18 \u2013 A campaign to reunite families separated by kidnapping and\/or irregular adoption during the Guatemalan Civil War of 1960-96 has begun.[56]February 24Thelma Aldana, the former chief prosecutor known for fighting corruption, is granted asylum in the United States after being charged with embezzlement in Guatemala.[57]New rules go into effect that make immigration to the United States more difficult.[58]February 28 \u2013 El Salvador’s president vetoes a reconciliation law that he says would allow criminals to get away with crimes against humanity during the Salvadoran Civil War[59]February 29 \u2013 An appeals court in San Francisco rules against the U.S. government’s “stay in Mexico” policy for asylum seekers, although the ruling is stayed until March 2.[60]March[edit]March 6 \u2013 The first case of COVID-19 in Central America is reported in Costa Rica.[61] On March 13 the number of confirmed cases in the country had risen to 26.[62]March 8 \u2013 International Women’s DayMarch 9Baron Bliss Day, Belize1,346,991 cases of dengue fever have been reported in Latin America in the last 13 months. The countries with the highest rates are Nicaragua (2,271 cases per 100,000 inhabitants), Belize (1,021), Honduras (995.5), and El Salvador (375).[63]March 13March 14 \u2013 Panama repatriates 1,504 Colombian tourists from the cruise ship Monarch. Since the port of Cartagena, Colombia is closed, the people have to fly from Col\u00f3n, Panama. About 300 people are still waiting to buy tickets.[66]March 15 \u2013 In a historic first, all Peace Corps volunteers worldwide are withdrawn from their host countries.[67]March 16 \u2013 Mexican deputy health minister Hugo Lopez-Gatell denies a charge by El Salvador president Nayib Bukele that Mexico let a dozen people with COVID-19 board a plane bound to El Salvador International Airport.[68]March 18 \u2013 Costa Rica registers its first death from COVID-19.[69]March 26 \u2013 The United States sends ICE planes previously used to deport undocumented immigrants to evacuate North Americans stranded in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. 64 people were transported from Honduras on March 24.[70]March 28 \u2013 Panama and Costa Rica fail in attempts to move thousands of migrants from Africa, Asia, and Haiti amassed in shelters as a precaution against COVID-19. Panama has 901 confirmed infections and 17 deaths while Costa Rica has 295 confirmed cases and two deaths.[71]April[edit]April 1 \u2013 U.S. President Donald Trump announces that he is stepping up pressure on Venezuelan President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro. Trump sends anti-drug Navy ships and AWACS planes to the region near Venezuela in the largest military build-up in the region since the 1989 invasion of Panama to remove General Manuel Noriega from power.[72]April 3April 4Belize closes its borders to all, including nationals. Nineteen Belizeans are confined at two facilities in Corozal Town.[75]Nicaraguans ask where President Ortega is; he has not been seen in public since March 12.[76]April 5\u201311: Holy WeekApril 11Juan Santamar\u00eda Day, Costa RicaHonduras extends its red alert status for the coronavirus until April 19.[77]April 12 \u2013 The U.S. Customs and Border Protection says it has used the COVID-19 pandemic as a pretext to expel over 10,000 Mexican and Central American asylum seekers to Mexico.[78]April 20 \u2013 1.8 million children return to school and 130,000 government employees return to work in Nicaragua despite fears of COVID-19. Nicaragua has had two deaths and nine reported cases of coronavirus. President Daniel Ortega, who had not been seen for 34 days, said Nicaraguans \u201chaven\u2019t stopped working, because if this country stops working, it dies.\u201d[79]April 21 \u2013 The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean estimates that the coronavirus pandemic may result in a 5.3% in GDP in the region, resulting in a 4.4% increase in poverty and a 2.5% increase in extreme poverty\u201429 million people.[80]April 23The International Monetary Fund (IMF) extends El Salvador a credit of $389 million and demands budget cuts (including a 60% cut in pensions) and tax increases including fuel taxes and value-added tax (VAT).[81]The United Nations Commission on Human Rights calls on Mexican and Central American governments to halt deportations during the coronavirus pandemic. 2,500 migrants are stuck in Panama because Honduras has closed its border. Mexico has dumped migrants in Guatemala, but Guatemala has not let them in. On April 23 the organization helped 41 migrants return to El Salvador from Mexico.[82]April 24 \u2013 Lee Henley Huxiang, a Belizean national, is going to be prosecuted in China for helping pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong. Belize does not have diplomatic relations with China (People’s Republic of China), but recognizes the government of Taiwan (Republic of China) instead.[83]April 26Mexico\u2032s National Institute of Migration (INM) empties the 65 migrant detention centers it has across the country by returning 3,653 people to Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras in the hope of preventing outbreaks of COVID-19.[84]Over a hundred Nicaraguan citizens are denied entry to Nicaragua as they flee the coronavirus and unemployment in other countries.[85]April 27 \u2013 After a weekend with a record number of killings, El Salvador President Nayib Bukele authorizes the use of force against criminal gangs. He also cracks down on inmates inside prisons.[86][87]April 28 \u2013 Juan Carlos Mu\u00f1oz, vice-minister of the Presidency of Panama resigns after being accused of corruption.[88]April 29Two dozen Colombians deported from the United States have been found to have coronavirus. Other infections among deportees have been found in Haiti, Mexico, Guatemala, and Jamaica.[89]Residents of Felipillo, Panama, block the Pan-American Highway for twelve hours, demanding the \u201cbono solidario\u201d (solidarity bonus) promised by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[90]April 30May[edit]May 1 \u2013 International Workers’ Day and Labour DayMay 3 \u2013 Fiesta de las Cruces (El Salvador)May 4 \u2013 The European Union sanctions six high-ranking officials of the government of Nicaragua, including the police chief, for human rights violations in April 2018.[93]May 17 \u2013 Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele\u2032s \u201ccontainment centers\u201d where thousands of Salvadorans have been detained for more than a month at a time without judicial review, come under criticism from human rights advocates. The government has reported 1,265 cases and 26 deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic nationwide.[94]May 12 \u2013 The Panama Canal is going dry because of a lack of rain.[95]May 18Commonwealth Day, BelizeCOVID-19 pandemic: Nicaragua closes its borders with Costa Rica as the latter tests truck drivers. Sixty-one drivers test positive and are turned back. Costa Rica has 866 confirmed cases and ten deaths, and some question the veracity of Nicaragua’s claim of only 25 cases and eight deaths.[96]May 26 \u2013 Costa Rica becomes the first country in Central America to legalize same-sex marriage.[97]May 28 \u2013 Legislative leaders from Costa Rica and Panama meet with their counterparts from eight other Latin American countries to discuss a response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[98]May 31 \u2013 Tropical Storm Amanda kills seventeen in El Salvador and Guatemala while causing flooding, power outages, destroying 50 homes and sending thousands to shelters.[99][100]June[edit]June 3COVID-19 pandemic: El Observatorio Ciudadano, an anonymous group of 90 doctors, epidemiologists, and other health providers, says that Nicaragua is following the Swedish model of fighting the pandemic, resulting in 3,275 infections and 805 deaths, as opposed to the official figures of 759 infections and 35 deaths.[101]Migrants from Africa and the Caribbean continue their march north through Honduras despite the fact that the country has closed its borders.[102]June 8U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announces that Gustavo Adolfo Alejos C\u00e1mbara, private secretary to former President \u00c1lvaro Colom (2008-2012) is ineligible for admission to the United States because of corruption. The ban also applies to Alejos C\u00e1mbara’s family.[103]Spain\u2019s National Court begins the trial of Inocente Orlando Montano, a former colonel who served as El Salvador\u2019s vice minister for public security during the country\u2019s 1979-1992 civil war and Ren\u00e9 Yusshy Mendoza, an army lieutenant, for their alleged involvement in the massacre of five Spanish priests in El Salvador in 1989.[104]June 11 \u2013 The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a decrease in malaria in Latin America, although there are fears that many cases are going undetected as sick people stay home instead of going to hospitals. Honduras, Panama, and Nicaragua report increases, the last by 25%.[105]June 17, President Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of Honduras and his wife, Ana Garc\u00eda, reported that they had been infected by COVID-19.[106]July[edit]July 8 \u2013 Homicides in El Salvador fell over 50% in President Nayib Bukele’s first year in office, with officials citing tougher enforcement, while a study by the Brussels-based International Crisis Group (ICG) suggests gangs may have eased up on violence and made informal deals with authorities.[107]July 9 \u2013 COVID-19 pandemic: Panama reports 41,251 cases, which puts it in first place in Latin America for the number of infections based upon population, ahead of Brazil and Mexico.[108] Panama has 4,316,453 inhabitants[109] for a rate of 104.6 cases per million inhabitants.July 12 \u2013 Dr. Maria Franca Tallarico, the head of health for the Americas regional office of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies warns that many Latin American countries have reduced efforts to combat Dengue fever outbreaks.[110]July 13 \u2013 COVID-19 pandemic: A report by The New York Times and the Marshall Project indicates that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) worsened the spread of the pandemic by deporting sick people to their countries of origin, including Guatemala and El Salvador.[111]July 18 \u2013 El Salvador announces a fumigation program against American grasshoppers.[112]July 19 \u2013 Revolution Day, NicaraguaJuly 25Guanacaste Day, Costa RicaCOVID-19 pandemic: Mexico and Japan send medical supplies to ten Latin American countries, including Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panam\u00e1.[113]July 31 \u2013 A fire started by a Molotov cocktail damages a holy image in the Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Managua, Nicaragua.[114]August[edit]August 1 and 10 \u2013 St. Dominic de Guzm\u00e1n, NicaraguaAugust 3 \u2013 Panama proposes sending 2,000 Haitian, Cuban, and African migrants home after disturbances in camps.[115]August 7 \u2013 Dyala Jimenez Figueres, Costa Rica’s Minister of Foreign Trade, resigns.[116]August 16 \u2013 COVID-19 pandemic in Belize: Attorney General Michael Peyrefitte announces a tightening of restrictions, including a return to a nationwide curfew, as the virus worsens.[117]August 17 \u2013 COVID-19 pandemic in Panama: Panama reopens hair salons and churches.[118]August 27 \u2013 Crab Soup Day, Abolition of slavery in Corn Islands, NicaraguaSeptember[edit]October[edit]November[edit]December[edit]December 8 \u2013 Immaculate Conception, NicaraguaDecember 16 \u2013 COVID-19 pandemic: Costa Rica and Panama approve the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and hope to begin applications in the first trimester of 2021.[127]December 17 \u2013 Mexican President L\u00f3pez Obrador defends his country’s restrictive migration policy but says things may change under recently-elected U.S. President Joe Biden.[128]December 19 \u2013 During a phone call, Mexican President Lopez Obrador and United States President-elect Joe Biden discuss a new approach to migration issues including why people emigrate from Central America.[129]December 22 \u2013 Forty migrant women being held at the Irwin County Detention Center in Georgia, U.S., sue for abuse and forced medical procedures, including unnecessary hysterectomies.[130]December 25 \u2013 Christmas Day, holiday throughout regionDecember 26 \u2013 Boxing Day, BelizeDecember 28 \u2013 The U.S. cuts military aid to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras as part of an anti-corruption effort.[131]Culture[edit]Film, television, and theater[edit]Literature[edit]Music[edit]Sports[edit]January 9 \u2013 Costa Rica will play the United States and Dominica in qualifying rounds for the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification and that Canada, El Salvador, Haiti, and Honduras will play in Group. B.[133]February 7 to 10 \u2013 Ultramarathon Xocomil in Lake Atitl\u00e1n, Solol\u00e1 Department[134]February 22 to March 8 \u2013 Campeonato Femenino Sub-20 Concacaf 2020 (Concacaf 2020 Under-20 Women’s Championship) in the Dominican Republic[135]April 25 \u2013 Boxing returns to Nicaragua as the country reopens after reporting three deaths and eleven cases of COVID-19. Baseball and soccer games are also being played.[136]May 9 to 17 \u2013 2020 ISA World Surfing Games in El Salvador (event postponed until 8\u201316 May 2021)January 2 \u2013 Ricardo Rosales Rom\u00e1n, 85, Guatemalan politician (Guatemalan Party of Labour) and guerrilla (Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity) (b. 1934)[137]January 5 \u2013 David Albin Zywiec Sidor, 72, American-Nicaraguan Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Siuna (since 2017), brain tumor (b. July 15, 1947)[138]February 20 \u2013 Jos\u00e9 Benito L\u00f3pez M\u00e9ndez, 51, leader of Ciudadanos por la Libertad (“Citizens for Liberty,” an opposition political party) in Mulukuku, Nicaragua; kidnapped and shot[139]March 1 \u2013 Ernesto Cardenal, 95, Nicaraguan poet and priest; health complications (b. January 20, 1925)[140]April 4 \u2013 Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, 76, Honduran politician, President (1990\u20131994); cardiac arrest[141]April 15 \u2013 Dorick M. Wright, 74, Belizean Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Belize City-Belmopan (2006\u20132017).[142]May 19 \u2013 Carlos Jir\u00f3n, 65, Nicaraguan politician, member of the National Assembly; complications from diabetes[143]May 25 \u2013 Otto de la Rocha, 86, Nicaraguan singer, songwriter and actor.[144]June 14 \u2013 Haroldo Rodas, 74, Guatemalan diplomat and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs (2008\u20132012); COVID-19.[145]June 16 \u2013 Ed\u00e9n Pastora (“Commander Zero”), 83, Nicaraguan revolutionary leader and 2006 presidential candidate (Alternative for Change[146]June 23 \u2013 C\u00e9sar Bosco Vivas Robelo, 78, Nicaraguan Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Le\u00f3n (1991\u20132019).[147]July 9 \u2013 Irma Lanzas, 86, Salvadoran writer and educator.[148]July 18 \u2013 David Romero Ellner, 65, Honduran journalist and politician (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria, MRI); COVID-19.[149]August 2 \u2013 Bobby Prescott, 89, Panamanian baseball player (Kansas City Athletics).[150]September 9 \u2013 Henrietta Boggs, 102, American-Costa Rican writer and socialite, First Lady (1948\u20131949), subject of First Lady of the Revolution.[151]See also[edit]References[edit]^ “Central America Population 2020”. World Population Review. Retrieved February 9, 2020.^ William J. Griffith; O. Nigel Bolland; Alfred E. Alford. “Belize”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved Apr 5, 2020.^ a b c d e f The CIA World Fact Book: Belize Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ Sanchez, Jose (13 November 2020). “Belize elects opposition leader to succeed retiring prime minister”. Reuters. Retrieved January 9, 2021.^ Gary S. Elbow; Charles L. Stansifer; Franklin D. Parker; Thomas L. Karnes. “Costa Rica”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved Apr 5, 2020.^ a b c d The CIA World Fact Book: Costa Rica Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ Markus Schultze-Kraft; Ren\u00e9 Santamaria Varela; David G. Browning; Philip F. Flemion. “El Salvador”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved Apr 5, 2020.^ a b c The CIA World Fact Book: El Salvador Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ William J. Griffith; Oscar H. Horst; Thomas P. Anderson; Charles L. Stansifer. “Guatemala”. Encyclopaedia Britannica.^ a b c d e CIA Fact Book: Central America: Guatemala Retrieved Jan 9, 2020^ Wayne M. Clegern; J. Roberto Moncada R; Ralph Lee Woodward. “Honduras”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved Apr 5, 2020.^ a b c The CIA World Fact Book: Honduras Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ Rosendo Arguello; Franklin D. Parker; Bernard Nietschmann; Thomas W. Walker; Manuel S. Orozco. “Nicaragua”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved Apr 5, 2020.^ a b c The CIA World Fact Book: Nicaragua Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ BY: Richard L. Millett; Burton L. Gordon; Gustavo Anguizola. “Panama”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved Apr 5, 2020.^ a b c The CIA World Fact Book: Panama Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ “Panama Canal watershed records 5th driest year in 7 decades”. AP. January 7, 2020. Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.^ Salvadoran accused of terrorism ties arrested in Carson City AP, 9 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Turbulent inauguration day in Guatemala, outgoing president hit by eggs by Sofia Menchu & Frank Jack Daniel, Reuters World News, 14 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Guatemala breaks off diplomatic relations with Venezuela Al Jareeza, 16 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Guatemalan officials arrested for corruption after leaving office by Sandra Cuffe, Al Jazeera, 16 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ U.S. seeks to deport Honduran mom, sick children to Guatemala By Nomaan Merchant, Associated Press 18 January 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ “Mexico blocks hundreds of migrants from crossing border span”. AP. Jan 18, 2020. Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.^ Chaos at Guatemala-Mexico border as caravan tries to advance by Jeff Abbott, Al Jazeera, 20 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Alejandro Sinibaldi loses two other farms that would have been acquired with the bribes of Odebrecht (in Spanish) Prensa Libre (Guatemala City), 20 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ “M\u00e9xico es se\u00f1alado como el segundo pa\u00eds m\u00e1s corrupto del mundo, a pesar del discurso de L\u00f3pez Obrador” [Mexico is designated as the second most corrupt country in the world, despite L\u00f3pez Obrador’s speech]. Infobae (in Spanish). Jan 22, 2020. Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.^ “Normalcy returns to Guatemala-Mexico border after caravan”. AP. January 24, 2020. Retrieved Feb 8, 2020.^ Guatemalan president offers El Salvador the chance to build a port in Guatemalan waters Reuters, 27 Jan 2020, retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Indigenous leaders killed in Nicaragua (in Spanish) 31 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Jason Stax (January 31, 2020). “Photographer Discovers Horrific “Sea Of Plastic” Floating Near Caribbean Island”. Educated Box. Retrieved February 15, 2020.^ The number of Guatemalans deported from the US reaches a new record in January (in Spanish) AFP, 1 Feb 2020,Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Johnny Araya re-elected mayor of San Jos\u00e9 with a large majority (in Spanish) 2 Feb 2020, Retrieved 15 Feb 2020^ Nicaragua: human rights violations by paramilitary groups are denounced (in Spanish) 2 Feb 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ https:\/\/cnnespanol.cnn.com\/video\/nicaragua-tortura-denuncias-paramilitar-pkg-mario-medrano\/ Organismos defensores de derechos humanos han documentado al menos 8 casos de tortura en Nicaragua (in Spanish)] 6 Feb 2020, Retrieved 9, 2020^ The reward for information on Gilberto Ventura Ceballos is increased to $ 50,000 {in lang|es} La Prensa (Panama), 5 Feb 2020, retrieved 8 Feb 2020^ Marriage annulled between two women in Costa Rica (in Spanish) CNN en Espa\u00f1ol, 4 Feb 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ “Guatemala names former drug czar head of new anti-graft body”. AP. Feb 4, 2020. Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.^ Escape by convict Ventura Ceballos triggers resignation of two ministers (in Spanish) La Estrella de Panam\u00e1, 5 Feb 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ El Salvador says it\u2019s not ready to receive asylum seekers AP, 5 Feb 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Michelle Mendoza (Feb 6, 2020). “Presidente de Guatemala propone a M\u00e9xico contrarrestar la migraci\u00f3n” [President of Guatemala proposes to Mexico to counteract migration]. CNN en Espa\u00f1ol (in Spanish). Retrieved Feb 8, 2020.^ Alfredo Miranda (Feb 7, 2020). “Fin del embargo de 500 d\u00edas al diario decano de Nicaragua” [End of the 500-day blockade on the dean of Nicaragua\u2019s newspaper]. El Pa\u00eds (in Spanish). Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.Mario Medrano (Feb 8, 2020). “Liberan insumos al diario La Prensa en Nicaragua, que estaban retenidos desde hace 75 semanas” [Supplies for the newspaper La Prensa in Nicaragua, which were held for 75 weeks, are released]. CNN en Espa\u00f1ol. Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.^ Juan Carlos Paz (8 February 2020). “ACNUR asigna US$ 4,1 millones para atender a nicarag\u00fcenses y venezolanos solicitantes de asilo en Costa Rica” [OHCHR allocates US $ 4.1 million to serve 87,190 Nicaraguans (80%) and Venezuelans (7%) seeking asylum in Costa Rica]. CNN en Espa\u00f1ol (in Spanish).^ Juan Carlos Paz (Feb 7, 2020). “Estados Unidos ofrece miles de visas de trabajo agr\u00edcola para guatemaltecos” [The United States offers thousands of agricultural work visas for Guatemalans]. CNN en Espa\u00f1ol (in Spanish). Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.  Juan Carlos Paz (Feb 7, 2020). “Estados Unidos acuerda 1,000 visas de trabajo para salvadore\u00f1os” [United States agrees to 1,000 work visas for Salvadorans]. CNN en Espa\u00f1ol (in Spanish). Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.^ Some Salvadorans deported from the US are killed, according to Human Rights Watch (in Spanish) CNN en Espa\u00f1ol, 7 Feb 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Garc\u00eda, Jacobo (Feb 8, 2020). “La zona cero en el cambio clim\u00e1tico en Am\u00e9rica Latina” [The zero zone in climate change in Latin America]. El Pa\u00eds (in Spanish). Retrieved Feb 9, 2020.^ The “Recycling Challenge” campaign in El Salvador seeks to collect three million plastic bottles (in Spanish) CNN en Espa\u00f1ol, 8 Feb 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Costa Rica: Low Voting for Female Candidates Generates Change Initiatives (in Spanish) Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ Merlin Delcid (9 February 2020). “Crece tensi\u00f3n entre poder ejecutivo y el legislativo por pr\u00e9stamo de US$ 109 millones” [Tension between the executive and legislative branches grows over a US $ 109 million loan]. CNN en Espa\u00f1ol (in Spanish).^ Panama businessmen ask to open a labor market to qualified foreigners (in Spanish) La Estrella de Panam\u00e1, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ “Nicaragua creates new fuel firms after December US sanctions”. AP NEWS. 12 February 2020. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.^ Guatemala lawmakers OK controversial NGO regulations by Sonia Perez D., AP, 12 Feb 2020^ Panama City metro expansion to go through tunnel under canal AP, 13 Feb 2020^ Three Honduran policemen killed in shoot-out to free MS-13 leader Al Jazeera, 14 Feb 2020^ Nayib Bukele shows his messianic face threatening El Salvador’s congress El Universal (in English) 14 Feb 2020^ ‘Historic seizure’: Costa Rica breaks record with five-ton cocaine bust by Zachary Halaschak, Washington Examiner, 17 Feb 2020^ Campaign in Guatemala seeks to reunite stolen children during civil war with their families (in Spanish) AFP, 18 Feb 2020^ Ex-Guatemala prosecutor granted asylum in U.S. AP, 24 Feb 2020^ Crackdown on immigrants who use public benefits takes effect By ANITA SNOW, AP, 24 Feb 2020^ El Salvador reconciliation law vetoed over impunity fears By MARCOS ALEM\u00c1N, AP, 28 Feb 2020^ Confusion on the Border as Appeals Court Rules Against Trump’s ‘Remain in Mexico’ Policy Caitlin Dickerson, The New York Times, February 29, 2020^ First cases of coronavirus in Colombia and Central America, while cruise ship is still stranded in California (in Spanish) AFP, 6 March 2020^ Costa Rica up to 26 confirmed coronavirus cases: Updates from Friday Tico Times, 13 March 2020^ The risk of death from dengue is greater than that of the coronavirus and it is not given the necessary importance. (in Spanish) Opinion (Bolivia), 9 March 2020, retrieved 19 Mar 2020^ Central America agrees to regional plan vs. coronavirus; Costa Rican film festival suspended AFP and The Tico Times, 13 Mar 2020^ “Honduras court overturns 58-year sentence for ex-first lady”. AP NEWS. 13 March 2020. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.^ Panama repatriates cruise tourists for new coronavirus (in Spanish) AFP\/MSN Noticias, 14 Mar 2020^ “Peace Corps announces suspension of Volunteer activities, evacuations due to COVID-19”. Peace Corps. March 15, 2020. Retrieved Apr 6, 2020. “U.S. To Evacuate All Peace Corps Volunteers Due To Coronavirus”. Radio Free Europe\/Radio Liberty. March 21, 2020. Retrieved Apr 6, 2020.^ Mexico rejects El Salvador accusation it let coronavirus patients board plane Reuters, 16 Mar 2020^ Costa Rica registers its first death due to COVID-19 (in Spanish) Informador, 18 Mar 2020^ ICE deportation planes begin to ship stranded U.S. citizens home Reuters, 26 Mar 2020^ Migrants in Central American limbo as coronavirus relocation plans falter By Alvaro Murillo, Reuters, 28 March 2020^ Trump: US to deploy anti-drug Navy ships near Venezuela AP, 1 April 2020^ Thousands of Central Americans detained for flaunting coronavirus rules Reuters, 3 Apr 2020^ Venezuela mobilizes its artillery before threat of armed attacks (in Spanish) La Jornada (Mexico), 3 Apr 2020^ Belize is now on war footing; PM Barrow announces closure of borders to nationals Breaking Belize News, 3 Apr 2020^ Coronavirus | La larga ausencia en Nicaragua de Daniel Ortega, el \u00fanico presidente de Am\u00e9rica Latina que no ha aparecido en p\u00fablico ante la crisis del COVID-19 (in Spanish) BBC Mundo, 4 Apr 2020^ “Honduras extiende la alerta roja hasta el 19 de abril por coronavirus”. El Informador\u00a0:: Noticias de Jalisco, M\u00e9xico, Deportes & Entretenimiento (in European Spanish). Retrieved Apr 24, 2020.^ The Trump administration uses COVID-19 as an argument to expel over 10,000 asylum seekers to Mexico (in English) El Universal, 12 Apr 2020^ “Nicaragua sends students back to school despite virus fears”. AP NEWS. 20 April 2020. Retrieved Apr 23, 2020.^ Cullell, Jon Mart\u00edn (21 April 2020). “El coronavirus amenaza con llevar a la pobreza a 29 millones de personas en Am\u00e9rica Latina” [Coronavirus threatens to drive 29 million people into poverty in Latin America]. EL PA\u00cdS (in Spanish). Retrieved April 24, 2020.^ “FMI recomienda a Bukele subir el costo de impuestos e IVA para pagar deuda de 389 MDD” [IMF recommends Bukele raise the cost of taxes and VAT to pay debt of 389 MDD]. elgatopolitico.news (in Spanish). Retrieved Apr 23, 2020.^ “UN alarmed by migrants caught in no-man’s land at borders”. ABC News. Retrieved Apr 24, 2020.^ “China to prosecute Belize national for Hong Kong ‘interference’“. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved Apr 24, 2020.^ “Mexico returns Central Americans, empties migrant centers”. AP NEWS. 26 April 2020. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.^ Managua, Por Fabi\u00e1n Medina S\u00e1nchez 26 de abril de 2020 desde. “El \u00fanico pa\u00eds que, ante el coronavirus, dej\u00f3 abierta su frontera a los extranjeros pero la cerr\u00f3 para sus nacionales” [The only country that, faced with the coronavirus, left its border open to foreigners but closed it for its nationals]. Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved Apr 28, 2020.^ “El Salvador authorizes use of “lethal force” against gang members during pandemic”. www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.^ “El Salvador gangs ‘taking advantage of pandemic’“. BBC News. 27 April 2020. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.^ “Renuncia el viceministro de la Presidencia de Panam\u00e1, Juan Carlos Mu\u00f1oz”. CNN en Espa\u00f1ol (in European Spanish). 29 April 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.^ “Two dozen people deported to Colombia on U.S. flight found to have coronavirus: sources”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ “Grupo de paname\u00f1os protesta por 12 horas pidiendo al gobierno ayuda econ\u00f3mica”. CNN (in Spanish) (in European Spanish). 29 April 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.^ “Ex-Honduran national police chief charged in New York”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.^ “OPS alerta por brote de sarampi\u00f3n durante contingencia por COVID-19” [PAHO Alerts for Measles Outbreak During COVID-19 Contingency] (in Spanish). Retrieved May 1, 2020.^ “La Uni\u00f3n Europea sanciona a seis altos funcionarios del gobierno de Ortega en Nicaragua”. Univision (in Spanish). Retrieved May 5, 2020.^ “El Salvador quarantine centers become points of contagion”. ABC News. Retrieved May 17, 2020.^ “Por qu\u00e9 el Canal de Panam\u00e1 se est\u00e1 quedando sin agua”. El Universal (in Spanish). 12 May 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.^ “Nicaragua closes Costa Rica border to protest virus testing”. ABC News. Retrieved May 19, 2020.^ Harmeet Kaur. “Costa Rica becomes the first Central American country to legalize same-sex marriage”. CNN. Retrieved May 26, 2020.^ “Parlamentarios de Am\u00e9rica Latina intercambiar\u00e1n propuestas para contener el coronavirus en la regi\u00f3n”. infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved May 25, 2020.^ “Tropical storm Amanda leaves 9 dead in El Salvador”. CNA. Retrieved May 31, 2020.^ “Tropical storm kills 17 in El Salvador and Guatemala”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 1, 2020.^ “Mientras se resiste a la cuarentena, Nicaragua se convierte en un sepelio de medianoche”. infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved June 3, 2020.^ “African, Caribbean migrants continue trek towards U.S. border”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 3, 2020.^ “Estados Unidos prohibi\u00f3 el ingreso a un ex alto funcionario de Guatemala acusado de corrupci\u00f3n”. infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved June 8, 2020.^ “Spain begins trial for killings of 5 Jesuits in El Salvador”. ABC News. Retrieved June 8, 2020.^ “Malaria retrocede en forma dispar en Am\u00e9rica Latina”. www.msn.com. Retrieved June 14, 2020.^ “Presidente de Honduras informa que dio positivo a Covid”. El Universal (in Spanish). 17 June 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.^ “El Salvador murder rate plummets; study says gangs may have informal pact with government”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved July 8, 2020.^ Lima, Lioman (9 July 2020). “C\u00f3mo Panam\u00e1 se convirti\u00f3 en el pa\u00eds de Am\u00e9rica Latina con m\u00e1s casos nuevos de coronavirus por n\u00famero de habitantes”. BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 13, 2020.^ “Panama Population (2020) – Worldometer”. www.worldometers.info. Retrieved July 13, 2020.^ “Dengue prevention efforts stifled by coronavirus pandemic, doctors warn”. NBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2020.^ “Servicio Migratorio de EU “export\u00f3” Covid al regresar a personas infectadas”. El Universal (in Spanish). 13 July 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.^ “El Salvador ataca brotes de plaga de langostas para evitar da\u00f1os en cultivos”. infobae (in European Spanish). Infobae newsroom. Retrieved July 20, 2020.^ “M\u00e9xico y Jap\u00f3n apoyan con insumos m\u00e9dicos a pa\u00edses de Am\u00e9rica Latina por Covid-19”. infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved July 25, 2020.^ “Arrojan bomba molotov a Catedral de Managua; da\u00f1an imagen venerada”. Exc\u00e9lsior (in Spanish). 31 July 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.^ “Panama proposes flying Haitian migrants home after clash”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved August 5, 2020.^ “Costa Rica’s foreign trade minister unexpectedly quits”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved August 8, 2020.^ “More COVID-19 restrictions | Amandala Newspaper”. amandala.com.bz. 19 August 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.^ “Panam\u00e1 reabre peluquer\u00edas e iglesias en plena expansi\u00f3n de la pandemia”. www.msn.com. AFP. Retrieved August 18, 2020.^ “Sismo de magnitud 5.6 remece Panam\u00e1 y Costa Rica; no hay da\u00f1os”. www.msn.com. Excelsior. Retrieved September 4, 2020.^ “Exhumar\u00e1n en Col\u00f3n v\u00edctimas paname\u00f1as de invasi\u00f3n de EEUU”. www.msn.com. Associated Press. Retrieved September 12, 2020.^ “Mauricio Claver es elegido para liderar el BID por 5 a\u00f1os; es el primer presidente de EU”. www.msn.com (in Spanish). Sin Embargo. AP. September 12, 2020. Retrieved Sep 12, 2020.^ “Mexico deploys military to block migrant caravan”. news.yahoo.com. AFP. October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.^ “El gobierno mexicano enviar\u00e1 ayuda a pa\u00edses afectados por Hurac\u00e1n ETA”. infobae (in European Spanish). November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.^ Holcombe, Madeline; Miller, Brandon. “At least 1 death as Eta lingers over Central America before possibly threatening Florida”. CNN. CNN. Retrieved November 7, 2020.^ “Hurricane Iota makes landfall as a Category 4 storm”.^ “Guatemalan president warns of ‘hoards’ of migrants unless rich nations help”. yahoo.com. Reuters. November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.^ “Costa Rica y Panam\u00e1 aprobaron el uso de emergencia de la vacuna contra el coronavirus de Pfizer”. infobae (in European Spanish). Infobae. December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2020.^ “Mexican president defends restrictive immigration policies”. AP NEWS. AP. 17 December 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.^ “U.S. President-elect Biden, Mexico’s president vow to cooperate on immigration”. news.yahoo.com. Yahoo News. Reuters. December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.^ Castronuovo, Celine (22 December 2020). “Migrant women file lawsuit against doctor for alleged forced medical procedures”. TheHill. The Hill. Retrieved December 22, 2020.^ “US cuts military aid to El Salvador amid intense lobbying”. AP NEWS. 29 December 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2021.^ Premios Lo Nuestro 2020: when is it, how to see it live, time, tickets and artists (in Spanish) by Mark Cube, Inivision, 20 Mar 2020, retrieved 29 Mar 2020^ US men face Mexico, Costa Rica in Olympic qualifiers AP, Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ Xocomil Ultramarathon: the mountain race held at Lake Atitlan (in Spanish) Guatemala.com, Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ How will the participation of Guatemala be in the Concacaf 2020 U20 Women’s Championship (in Spanish) By Juan Diego, Guatemala.com, Retrieved Feb 9,  2020^ “Fights resume in Nicaragua because ‘boxers have to eat’“. AP NEWS. 25 April 2020. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.^ Ricardo Rosales Rom\u00e1n, former URNG leader and signatory of the 1996 Peace Accords, dies (in Spanish) Prensa Libre, 2 Jan 2020, Retrieved 9 Feb 2020^ The Bishop of Siuna, David Albin Zywiec, dies (in Spanish) Confidencial, Retrieved Feb 9, 2020^ Kidnap and execute with six shots a politician opposed to President Daniel Ortega (in Spanish) El Mundo (Spain), 20 Feb 2020^ Ernesto Cardenal, Nicaraguan poet and priest died (in Spanish) La Jornada, 1 March 2020^ Muere el expresidente de Honduras, Rafael Leonardo Callejas (in Spanish)^ Bishop Dorrick Wright passes at age 74^ Nicaraguan Legislator Dies of Covid-19^ Fallece el cantautor nicarag\u00fcense Otto de la Rocha (in Spanish)^ Excanciller Haroldo Rodas falleci\u00f3 de Covid-19 (in Spanish)^ “Ed\u00e9n Pastora, Nicaraguan revolutionary, dead at 83”. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 17, 2020.^ Fallece monse\u00f1or Bosco Vivas, obispo em\u00e9rito de Le\u00f3n (in Spanish)^ Fallece Irma Lanzas, tesorera de la Academia Salvadore\u00f1a de la Lengua (in Spanish)^ “Muere el controvertido periodista hondure\u00f1o, David Romero Ellner por COVID-19”. Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved July 19, 2020.^ Bobby Prescott, grandes ligas paname\u00f1o, fallece a sus 89 a\u00f1os de edad (in Spanish)^ Muri\u00f3 la exprimera dama Henrietta Boggs (in Spanish)External links[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/2020-in-central-america-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"2020 in Central America – Wikipedia"}}]}]