[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/chinese-exonyms-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/chinese-exonyms-wikipedia\/","headline":"Chinese exonyms – Wikipedia","name":"Chinese exonyms – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 When a foreign place name, or toponym, occurs in Chinese text, the problem arises of spelling it in Chinese","datePublished":"2020-03-15","dateModified":"2020-03-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png","height":"12","width":"23"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/chinese-exonyms-wikipedia\/","wordCount":16081,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4When a foreign place name, or toponym, occurs in Chinese text, the problem arises of spelling it in Chinese characters, given the limited phonetics and restrictive phonology of Mandarin Chinese (making it very difficult to transcribe loanwords), and the possible meaning of those characters when treated as Chinese words. For example:“London Heathrow Airport” is usually rendered in Chinese characters as \u4f26\u6566\u5e0c\u65af\u8def\u673a\u573a (L\u00fand\u016bn X\u012bs\u012bl\u00f9 J\u012bch\u01ceng), with the English pronunciation of ‘London’ being fairly accurate, and of ‘Heathrow’ being less accurate: in Chinese the translation of each character literally means “kinship, honest” (for London, \u4f26\u6566), “hope, given\/this, road” (for Heathrow, \u5e0c\u65af\u8def), “aircraft, field” (\u673a\u573a), with the last syllable of “Heathrow” rendered as “lu” although the more accurate “lo” and “lou” are known Chinese words. The reason for this strange transcription for “Heathrow” is because the name of the airport was introduced to the Chinese language through Cantonese, in which the loanword is pronounced Hei1 Si1 Lo4, which is actually more accurate to the English pronunciation of the name. However, when this word was adopted into Mandarin, the Chinese characters to write “Heathrow” were used without any regards to pronunciation, in which the Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations of the same Chinese character can often be drastically different from one another.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Sometimes, the endonym or the English exonym of a place can be literally translated in Chinese characters, such as “Salt Lake City” or the “Dead Sea”, which are translated into Chinese as \u76d0\u6e56\u57ce (Y\u00e1nh\u00fa Ch\u00e9ng) and \u6b7b\u6d77 (S\u01d0h\u01cei), which mean “salt-lake-city” and “dead-sea” respectively.More often than not, however, characters are chosen simply because their syllables sound somewhat similar to the syllables of the endonym or the English exonym, regardless of the meaning of the individual characters. Examples include Dublin and Yemen, which are written in Chinese as \u90fd\u67cf\u6797 (D\u016bb\u00f3l\u00edn, which literally translates as “all-cypress-forest”) and \u4e5f\u95e8 (Y\u011bm\u00e9n, which literally translates as “also-door”) respectively. In both Chinese exonyms, the connection between the meanings of the Chinese characters and their respective places is not particularly obvious, so it is safe to assume these exonyms are transcriptions. Historically, the characters chosen to represent the sounds have sometimes been chosen to be intended as derogatory (see graphic pejoratives in written Chinese), although many of these have been replaced with homophones with neutral or positive connotations.There are other exonyms that are a combination of translation and transcription (meaning and sound) of the endonym. For example, New Zealand is written as \u65b0\u897f\u5170 (X\u012bnx\u012bl\u00e1n), in which the first character \u65b0 (x\u012bn) literally means “new” and the final two characters \u897f\u5170 (X\u012bl\u00e1n) is a transcription of “Zealand”. Likewise, America is written as \u7f8e\u56fd (M\u011bigu\u00f3), which is a combination of \u7f8e (m\u011bi), one of the characters in another exonym \u963f\u7f8e\u5229\u54e5 (\u0100m\u011bil\u00ecg\u0113), and \u56fd (gu\u00f3), the translation for the word “country”. The full name of the United States in Chinese, \u201c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u201d (Meilijianhezhongguo), which is very rarely used in China, roughly translates to the “United States of America” and is not an exonym, as the official Chinese word for the nation of the United States is different for the Chinese word for the continent of America. Acronyms including the character \u56fd (gu\u00f3) is common among exonyms.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Names of foreign nations are sometimes shortened to their first character when used in compounds. For example, the name for Russia in Chinese is \u4fc4\u7f57\u65af (\u00c9lu\u00f3s\u012b), but the name of the Russian language is \u4fc4\u8bed (\u00c9y\u01d4), anything Russian-style is \u4fc4\u5f0f (\u00c9sh\u00ec), and the Russian military is \u4fc4\u519b (\u00c9j\u016bn).However, some Chinese exonyms exist which are not immediately obvious because they are neither translations nor transcriptions, such as \u65e7\u91d1\u5c71 (Ji\u00f9j\u012bnsh\u0101n, which literally means “Old Gold Mountain”) and \u65b0\u91d1\u5c71 (X\u012bnj\u012bnsh\u0101n, which literally means “New Gold Mountain”) for San Francisco and Melbourne respectively. These exonyms exist because they have a special history among Chinese people worldwide for one reason or another.For Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese names, the Chinese exonym is often the Chinese pronunciation of the Korean hanja, Japanese kanji, or ancient Vietnamese Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m writing of the toponym. In some cases, especially in Japan, the Chinese pronunciation may be completely unlike the native-language pronunciation.However, if the country’s or city’s endonym is not internationally well-known, Chinese will often transcribe the endoynym or English name into Chinese characters.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Countries had been founded or had gained independence after 1949 (the year Kuomintang had exiled to Taiwan after losing to the Communist Party) often have different exonyms used in mainland China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) due to differences in official standards resulting from the split in government. Exonyms used in mainland China are written in simplified Chinese on this page, and exonyms used in Taiwan are written in traditional Chinese. The exception to this are exonyms for Japanese and Korean place names, which will be written in traditional Chinese.The exonyms below are all in Mandarin Chinese.Table of ContentsAfghanistan[edit]Albania[edit]Algeria[edit]Andorra[edit]Antigua and Barbuda[edit]Argentina[edit]Armenia[edit]Australia[edit]Austria[edit]Azerbaijan[edit]Bahamas[edit]Bahrain[edit]Bangladesh[edit]Belarus[edit]Bulgaria[edit]Burundi[edit]Cambodia[edit]Ethiopia[edit]Germany[edit]Iceland[edit]Indonesia[edit]Ireland[edit]Myanmar[edit]New Zealand[edit]North Korea[edit]Philippines[edit]Portugal[edit]Saudi Arabia[edit]South Korea[edit]Sri Lanka[edit]Thailand[edit]Ukraine[edit]United Kingdom[edit]United States[edit]Uzbekistan[edit]Vietnam[edit]International bodies of water[edit]International landmarks and regions[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Afghanistan[edit]\u00a0Afghanistan \u0100f\u00f9h\u00e0n (\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageKabulK\u0101b\u00f9’\u011br (\u5580\u5e03\u5c14)TranscriptionK\u0101bol (\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644)PersianK\u0101b\u0259l (\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644)PashtoAlbania[edit]\u00a0Albania \u0100’\u011brb\u0101n\u00edy\u01ce (\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageTiranaD\u00ecl\u0101n\u00e0 (\u5730\u62c9\u90a3)TranscriptionTironaAlbanianAlgeria[edit]\u00a0Algeria \u0100’\u011brj\u00edl\u00ecy\u01ce (\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageAlgiers\u0100’\u011brj\u00ed\u011br (\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5c14)TranscriptionAl-Jaz\u0101’ir (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)ArabicAndorra[edit]\u00a0Andorra \u0100nd\u00e0o\u011br (\u5b89\u9053\u5c14)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeMeaningAndorra la Vella\u0100nd\u00e0o\u011br Ch\u00e9ng (\u5b89\u9053\u5c14\u57ce)Translation-transcription mixAndorra City\u00a0Angola \u0100ng\u0113l\u0101 (\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageLuandaLu\u00f3\u0101nd\u00e1 (\u7f57\u5b89\u8fbe)TranscriptionLuandaPortugueseAntigua and Barbuda[edit]\u00a0Antigua and Barbuda \u0100nt\u00edgu\u0101 H\u00e9 B\u0101b\u00f9d\u00e1 (\u5b89\u63d0\u74dc\u548c\u5df4\u5e03\u8fbe)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeSt. John’sSh\u00e8ng Yu\u0113h\u00e0n (\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0)Translation-transcription mixArgentina[edit]\u00a0Argentina \u0100g\u0113nt\u00edng (\u963f\u6839\u5ef7)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeBuenos AiresB\u00f9y\u00ednu\u00f2s\u012b\u00e0il\u00ecs\u012b (\u5e03\u5b9c\u8bfa\u65af\u827e\u5229\u65af)TranscriptionArmenia[edit]\u00a0Armenia Y\u00e0m\u011bin\u00edy\u01ce (\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageYerevanY\u00e8l\u01d0w\u0113n (\u53f6\u91cc\u6e29)TranscriptionYerevan (\u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576)ArmenianAustralia[edit]\u00a0Australia \u00c0od\u00e0l\u00ecy\u01ce (\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a); abbreviated as \u00c0o (\u6fb3)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningCanberraK\u0101np\u00e9il\u0101 (\u582a\u57f9\u62c9)[1]TranscriptionGold CoastHu\u00e1ngj\u012bn H\u01cei’\u00e0n (\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8)TranslationGold CoastMelbourneM\u00f2’\u011brb\u011bn (\u58a8\u5c14\u672c)TranscriptionX\u012bnj\u012bnsh\u0101n (\u65b0\u91d1\u5c71)Special HistoryNew Gold MountainThe nickname “New Gold Mountain” was the nickname for the city given by Chinese immigrants and migrant workers looking for gold during the Australian gold rushes.[2] This contrasts with the name given to San Francisco, “Old Gold Mountain” (see section on the United States).NewcastleNi\u01d4k\u01ces\u012b’\u011br (\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14)TranscriptionNew South WalesX\u012bn N\u00e1n W\u0113i’\u011brsh\u00ec Zh\u014du (\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5dde )Translation-transcription mixQueenslandK\u016bnsh\u00ecl\u00e1n Zh\u014du (\u6606\u58eb\u5170\u5dde)TranscriptionSydneyX\u012bn\u00ed (\u6089\u5c3c)TranscriptionAustria[edit]\u00a0Austria \u00c0od\u00ecl\u00ec (\u5965\u5730\u5229); abbreviated as \u00c0o (\u5965)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageViennaW\u00e9iy\u011bn\u00e0 (\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3)TranscriptionWienGermanAzerbaijan[edit]\u00a0Azerbaijan \u0100s\u00e8b\u00e0iji\u0101ng (\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586)Alternative name(s): Y\u00e0s\u00e8b\u00e0ir\u00e1n (\u4e9e\u585e\u62dc\u7136, Taiwan only)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageBakuB\u0101k\u00f9 (\u5df4\u5e93)TranscriptionBak\u0131AzerbaijaniBahamas[edit]\u00a0Bahamas B\u0101h\u0101m\u01ce (\u5df4\u54c8\u9a6c)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeNassauN\u00e1s\u0101o (\u62ff\u9a9a)TranscriptionBahrain[edit]\u00a0Bahrain B\u0101l\u00edn (\u5df4\u6797)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageManamaM\u00e0in\u00e0m\u00e0i (\u9ea6\u7eb3\u9ea6)TranscriptionAl-Man\u0101ma (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0629)ArabicBangladesh[edit]\u00a0Bangladesh M\u00e8ngji\u0101l\u0101gu\u00f3 (\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd); abbreviated as M\u00e8ngji\u0101l\u0101 (\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageDhakaD\u00e1k\u01ce (\u8fbe\u5361)TranscriptionDhaka (\u09a2\u09be\u0995\u09be)BengaliBelarus[edit]\u00a0Belarus B\u00e1i’\u00e9lu\u00f3s\u012b (\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af); abbreviated as B\u00e1i’\u00e9 (\u767d\u4fc4)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageMinskM\u00edngs\u012bk\u00e8 (\u660e\u65af\u514b)TranscriptionMinsk (\u041c\u0456\u043d\u0441\u043a)BelorussianMinsk (\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a)Russian\u00a0Bhutan B\u00f9d\u0101n (\u4e0d\u4e39)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageThimphuT\u00edngb\u00f9 (\u5ef7\u5e03)TranscriptionThimphu (\u0f50\u0f72\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f55\u0f74)Dzongkha\u00a0Brazil B\u0101x\u012b (\u5df4\u897f); abbreviated as B\u0101 (\u5df4)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageBras\u00edliaB\u0101x\u012bl\u00ecy\u01ce (\u5df4\u897f\u5229\u4e9a)[3]TranscriptionRio de JaneiroL\u01d0yu\u0113r\u00e8n\u00e8il\u00fa (\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362)[4]TranscriptionS\u00e3o PauloSh\u00e8ngb\u01ceolu\u00f3 (\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57)[1]Translation-transcription mixSh\u00e8ng (\u5723) is used for place names that contain the word “Saint” or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Sh\u00e8ng (\u5723) and “Saint” are false cognates.Porto Alegre\u0100l\u00e9ig\u00e9l\u01d0g\u01ceng (\u963f\u96f7\u683c\u91cc\u6e2f)Translation-transcription mix“\u0100l\u00e9ig\u00e9l\u01d0” (\u963f\u96f7\u683c\u91cc) is a transcription of the Portuguese word “Alegre”. “G\u01ceng” (\u6e2f) means “harbor” in Mandarin.Y\u00fag\u01ceng (\u6109\u6e2f)Translation“Happy Harbor” in Mandarin.\u00a0Brunei W\u00e9nl\u00e1i (\u6587\u83b1)Alternative name(s): W\u00e8nl\u00e1i (\u6c76\u83b1, Hong Kong and Taiwan)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageBandar Seri BegawanS\u012bl\u01d0b\u0101ji\u0101w\u0101n Sh\u00ec (\u65af\u91cc\u5df4\u52a0\u6e7e\u5e02)Translation-transcription mixSeri Begawan CityBandar Seri Begawan (\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u06ac\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646)MalayBulgaria[edit]\u00a0Bulgaria B\u01ceoj\u012bal\u00ecy\u00e0 (\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a); abbreviated as B\u01ceo (\u4fdd)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageSofiaSu\u01d2f\u0113iy\u00e0 (\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9a)TranscriptionSofija (\u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f)BulgarianBurundi[edit]\u00a0Burundi B\u00fal\u00f3ngd\u00ed (\u5e03\u9686\u8fea)Alternative name(s): P\u00fal\u00f3ngd\u00ec (\u84b2\u9686\u5730, Taiwan only)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeBujumburaB\u00f9qi\u00f3ngb\u00f9l\u0101 (\u5e03\u743c\u5e03\u62c9)TranscriptionCambodia[edit]\u00a0Cambodia Ji\u01cenp\u01d4zh\u00e0i (\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8); abbreviated as Ji\u01cen (\u67ec)Alternative name(s): G\u0101omi\u00e1n (\u9ad8\u68c9)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageMeaningPhnom PenhJ\u012bnbi\u0101n (\u91d1\u8fb9)TranslationGolden SidePhnom Penh (\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789)KhmerPenh’s HillSiem ReapXi\u0101nl\u00ec Sh\u00ec (\u66b9\u7c92\u5e02)Translation-transcription mixSiem Reap CitySiem Reap ( \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17c0\u1798\u179a\u17b6\u1794)KhmerSiam’s DefeatSihanoukvilleX\u012bh\u0101n\u01d4k\u00e8 Ch\u00e9ng (\u897f\u54c8\u52aa\u514b\u57ce)Translation-transcription mixSihanouk CityKrong Preah Sihanouk (\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u17b8\u17a0\u1793\u17bb)KhmerHoly City of Sihanouk\u00a0Canada Ji\u0101n\u00e1d\u00e0 (\u52a0\u62ff\u5927); abbreviated as Ji\u0101 (\u52a0)Alternative name(s): Ji\u0101gu\u00f3 (\u52a0\u56fd)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningMontrealM\u00e9ngt\u00e8l\u00ec\u011br (\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14)TranscriptionTorontoDu\u014dl\u00fandu\u014d (\u591a\u4f26\u591a)[1]TranscriptionVancouverW\u0113ng\u0113hu\u00e1 (\u6e29\u54e5\u534e)[1]TranscriptionXi\u00e1nshu\u01d0 B\u00f9 (\u9e79\u6c34\u57e0)TranslationSaltwater Port\u00a0Egypt \u0100ij\u00ed (\u57c3\u53ca); abbreviated as \u0100i (\u57c3)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageAlexandriaY\u00e0l\u00ecsh\u0101nd\u00e0 (\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927)[5]TranscriptionAl-‘Iskandariyya (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629)Standard ArabicEskendereyya (\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629)Egyptian ArabicCairoK\u0101ilu\u00f3 (\u5f00\u7f57)[1]TranscriptionAl-Q\u0101hirah (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629)Standard ArabicMa\u1e63r (\u0645\u0635\u0631)Egyptian ArabicNile RiverN\u00edlu\u00f3h\u00e9 (\u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3)Translation-transcription mixEthiopia[edit]\u00a0Ethiopia \u0100is\u0101i’\u00e9b\u01d0y\u01ce (\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a)Alternative name(s): Y\u012bsu\u01d2b\u01d0y\u01ce (\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e, Taiwan only)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageAddis AbabaY\u00e0d\u00ecs\u012by\u00e0b\u00e8ib\u0101 (\u4e9a\u7684\u65af\u4e9a\u8d1d\u5df4)[1]TranscriptionAddis Ab\u00e4ba (\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263)Amharic\u00a0France F\u01cegu\u00f3 (\u6cd5\u56fd); abbreviated as F\u01ce (\u6cd5)Alternative name(s): F\u01cel\u00e1ns\u012b (\u6cd5\u5170\u65af), F\u01cel\u00e1nx\u012b (\u6cd5\u5170\u897f)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeCannesJi\u00e1n\u00e0 (\u621b\u7eb3)[6]TranscriptionBased on the French pronunciation without the liaisonFort-de-FranceF\u01cel\u00e1nx\u012bb\u01ceo (\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5821)[1]Translation-transcription mixB\u01ceo (\u5821) is used in place names that have the word “Fort” or one of its cognates from in another language.ParisB\u0101l\u00ed (\u5df4\u9ece)TranscriptionBased on the French pronunciation without the liaisonSaint-L\u00f4Sh\u00e8nglu\u00f2 (\u5723\u6d1b)[1]Translation-transcription mixSh\u00e8ng (\u5723) is used for place names that contain the word “Saint” or one of its cognates in another language. Sh\u00e8ng (\u5723) and “Saint” are false cognates.Germany[edit]\u00a0Germany D\u00e9gu\u00f3 (\u5fb7\u56fd); abbreviated as D\u00e9 (\u5fb7)Alternative name(s): D\u00e9y\u00eczh\u00ec (\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageBerlinB\u00f3l\u00edn (\u67cf\u6797)[7]TranscriptionCologneK\u0113l\u00f3ng (\u79d1\u9686)[8]TranscriptionK\u00f6lnGermanFrankfurtF\u01cel\u00e1nk\u00e8f\u00fa (\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f)[1]TranscriptionHamburgH\u00e0nb\u01ceo (\u6c49\u5821)[9]Translation-transcription mixB\u01ceo (\u5821) is used in place names that have the word “Burg”MunichM\u00f9n\u00edh\u0113i (\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1)[10]TranscriptionM\u00fcnchenGerman\u00a0Haiti H\u01ceid\u00ec (\u6d77\u5730)[11]English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningPort-au-PrinceT\u00e0iz\u01d0 G\u01ceng (\u592a\u5b50\u6e2f)TranslationPrince’s portIceland[edit]The Chinese exonym is a literal translation of the endonym.\u00a0Iceland B\u012bngd\u01ceo (\u51b0\u5c9b)[12]English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageReykjavikL\u00e9ik\u00e8y\u01cew\u00e8ik\u00e8 (\u96f7\u514b\u96c5\u672a\u514b)TranscriptionReykjav\u00edkIcelandic\u00a0India Y\u00ecnd\u00f9 (\u5370\u5ea6); abbreviated as Y\u00ecn (\u5370)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageMeaningDelhiD\u00e9l\u01d0 (\u5fb7\u91cc)[1]TranscriptionDill\u012b (\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940)Hindimeaning unknownIndonesia[edit]\u00a0Indonesia Y\u00ecnd\u00f9n\u00edx\u012by\u00e0 (\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a); abbreviated as Y\u00ecnn\u00ed (\u5370\u5c3c)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageBaliB\u0101l\u00ed d\u01ceo (\u5df4\u5398\u5c9b)Translation-transcription mixBaliBalineseUsed in Mainland China, homonymous with Paris (\u5df4\u9ece B\u0101l\u00ed).B\u0101l\u01d0  (\u5cc7\u91cc)TranscriptionUsed in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia.JakartaY\u01ceji\u0101d\u00e1 (\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe)[1]TranscriptionJakartaIndonesianMedanMi\u00e1nl\u00e1n (\u68c9\u5170)MedanIndonesianPalembangJ\u00f9g\u01ceng (\u5de8\u6e2f)Huge port[13]PalembangIndonesianChinese name refers to the historical past of Palembang as a major port of Sumatra.PontianakK\u016bndi\u0101n (\u5764\u7538)PontianakIndonesianKnown in Hakka as khun-t\u00eeenSingkawangSh\u0101nk\u01d2uy\u00e1ng (\u5c71\u53e3\u6d0b)Mountain by the estuary andthe oceanSingkawangIndonesianOriginates from Hakka s\u00e2n-khi\u00e9u-y\u00f2ng.SurabayaS\u00ecshu\u01d0 (\u6cd7\u6c34)[14]SurabayaIndonesianYogyakartaR\u00ecr\u011b (\u65e5\u82e5)[14]YogyakartaJavanese\u00a0Iraq Y\u012bl\u0101k\u00e8 (\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b); abbreviated as Y\u012b (\u4f0a)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageBaghdadB\u0101g\u00e9d\u00e1 (\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe)TranscriptionBaghdad (\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f)ArabicIreland[edit]\u00a0Ireland \u00c0i’\u011brl\u00e1n (\u7231\u5c14\u5170); abbreviated as \u00c0i (\u7231)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageCorkK\u0113k\u00e8 (\u79d1\u514b)[1]TranscriptionCorcaighIrishDublinD\u016bb\u00f3l\u00edn (\u90fd\u67cf\u6797)[1]TranscriptionBaile \u00c1tha CliathIrishPlacenames in Israel will include places in Palestinian territories.\u00a0Israel Y\u01d0s\u00e8li\u00e8 (\u4ee5\u8272\u5217); abbreviated as Y\u01d0 (\u4ee5)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageJerusalemY\u0113l\u00f9s\u0101l\u011bng (\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7)[1]TranscriptionYerushalayim (\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd)Hebrew\u00a0Japan R\u00ecb\u011bn (\u65e5\u672c); abbreviated as R\u00ec (\u65e5)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningHiroshimaGu\u01cengd\u01ceo (\u5ee3\u5cf6\/\u5e7f\u5c9b)[1]TranslationBroad islandKy\u014dtoJ\u012bngd\u016b (\u4eac\u90fd)[1]TranslationCapitalNagasakiCh\u00e1ngq\u00ed (\u9577\u5d0e\/\u957f\u5d0e)[1]TranslationLong, small peninsulaNahaN\u00e0b\u00e0 (\u90a3\u9738)Transcriptionmeaning unknownThe Chinese pronunciation is based on the Chinese characters used to write the city’s name in Japanese, regardless of the meaning of the individual characters.NaraN\u00e0ili\u00e1ng (\u5948\u826f)Transcriptionmeaning unknownThe Chinese pronunciation is based on the Chinese characters used to write the city’s name in Japanese, regardless of the meaning of the individual characters.NaritaCh\u00e9ngti\u00e1n (\u6210\u7530)[1]TranslationDeveloped fieldOkinawaCh\u00f3ngsh\u00e9ng (\u6c96\u7e69\/\u51b2\u7ef3)[1]TranslationCord of the open sea\u014csakaD\u00e0b\u01cen (\u5927\u5742)[1]TranslationBig hillsideRy\u016bky\u016b IslandsLi\u00faqi\u00fa Q\u00fand\u01ceo (\u7409\u7403\u7fa4\u5c9b)Translation-transcription mixSapporoZh\u00e1hu\u01ceng (\u672d\u5e4c)[1]TranslationPlacard canopyT\u014dky\u014dD\u014dngj\u012bng (\u6771\u4eac\/\u4e1c\u4eac)[1]TranslationEast(ern) capital\u00a0Jordan Yu\u0113d\u00e0n (\u7ea6\u65e6)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageAmman\u0100nm\u00e0n (\u5b89\u66fc)[1]Transcription‘Amm\u0101n (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646)Arabic\u00a0Laos L\u01ceow\u014d (\u8001\u631d); abbreviated as Li\u00e1o (\u5bee, Taiwan only)Alternative name(s): Li\u00e1ogu\u00f3 (\u5bee\u56fd, Taiwan only)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageVientianeW\u00e0nxi\u00e0ng (\u4e07\u8c61)[1]TranscriptionW\u012bangchan (\u0ea7\u0ebd\u0e87\u0e88\u0eb1\u0e99)LaoY\u01d2ngzh\u0113n (\u6c38\u73cd)[15]TranscriptionThis transcription is used in Taiwan only.\u00a0Mexico M\u00f2x\u012bg\u0113 (\u58a8\u897f\u54e5); abbreviated as M\u00f2 (\u58a8, Taiwan only)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageBaja CaliforniaXi\u00e0 Ji\u0101l\u00ecf\u00fan\u00edy\u01ce Zh\u014du (\u4e0b\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde)Translation-transcription mixLower California StateCiudad Juar\u00e9zHu\u00e1l\u00e9is\u012b Ch\u00e9ng (\u534e\u96f7\u65af\u57ce)Translation-transcription mixCity of JuarezMexico CityM\u00f2x\u012bg\u0113 Ch\u00e9ng (\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce)Translation-transcription mixMexico CityCiudad de M\u00e9xicoSpanishCanc\u016bnK\u01cenk\u016bn (\u574e\u6606)TranscriptionMyanmar[edit]\u00a0Myanmar Mi\u01cendi\u00e0n (\u7f05\u7538); abbreviated as Mi\u01cen (\u7f05)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageMeaningYangonY\u01cenggu\u0101ng (\u4ef0\u5149)TranscriptionRankun (\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a)BurmeseEnd of fightsMandalayM\u00e1nd\u00e9l\u00e8 (\u66fc\u5fb7\u52d2)TranscriptionMantale (\u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038)BurmeseFrom Pali \u1019\u100f\u1039\u100d\u101c (mandala)NaypyidawN\u00e8ib\u01d0d\u016b (\u5185\u6bd4\u90fd)Translation-transcription mixNepyitaw (\u1014\u1031\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a)BurmeseCapital\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nepal N\u00edb\u00f3\u011br (\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageKathmanduJi\u0101d\u00e9m\u01cend\u014du (\u52a0\u5fb7\u6ee1\u90fd)TranscriptionKathmandu (\u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902)NepaliMount EverestZh\u016bm\u00f9l\u01cengm\u01ce F\u0113ng (\u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u739b\u5cf0)Translation-transcription mixChomolungma MountainSagarmatha (\u0938\u0917\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0925\u093e)NepaliThe Chinese name is based on the Tibetan name of the mountain.New Zealand[edit]\u00a0New Zealand X\u012bnx\u012bl\u00e1n (\u65b0\u897f\u5170)Alternative name(s): Ni\u01d4x\u012bl\u00e1n (\u7ebd\u897f\u5170, Taiwan only)English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningAuckland\u00c0ok\u00e8l\u00e1n (\u5965\u514b\u5170)TranscriptionChristchurchK\u00e8l\u00e0is\u012bt\u00e8ch\u00e8q\u00ed (\u514b\u8d56\u65af\u7279\u5f7b\u5947)TranscriptionJ\u012bd\u016b Ch\u00e9ng (\u57fa\u7763\u57ce)TranslationChrist CityWellingtonHu\u00ecl\u00edngd\u00f9n (\u60e0\u7075\u987f)TranscriptionW\u0113il\u00edngd\u00f9n (\u5a01\u9748\u9813)TranscriptionTaiwan and Hong Kong onlyNorth Korea[edit]In Chinese, the country can be referred to as North Korea, but it is usually referred to just by the cognate for the endonym, Choson (\uc870\uc120).\u00a0North Korea [B\u011bi] Ch\u00e1oxi\u01cen ([\u5317]\u671d\u9c9c)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameMeaningLanguageKorea BayX\u012bch\u00e1oxi\u01cenw\u0101n (\u897f\u671d\u9c9c\u6e7e)TranslationWest ChosonBayS\u014fjos\u014fn Man (\uc11c\uc870\uc120\ub9cc)West ChosonBayKoreanThis name uses the Chinese name for North Korea, Ch\u00e1oxi\u01cen (\u671d\u9c9c)X\u012bh\u00e1nw\u0101n(\u897f\u97e9\u6e7e)TranslationWest HanBayS\u01d2han Man (\uc11c\ud55c\ub9cc)West Han BayKoreanThis name uses the Chinese name for South Korea, H\u00e1n (\u97e9)Paektu MountainCh\u01cengb\u00e1ish\u0101n (\u957f\u767d\u5c71)TranslationLong White MountainBaekdu San (\ubc31\ub450\uc0b0)White-head MountainKoreanThe mountain is set on the China-North Korea border, which is why the mountain has noticeably different names in both languagesPyongyangP\u00edngr\u01ceng(\u5e73\u58e4)TranslationPeaceful SoilPy\u014fngyang (\ud3c9\uc591)Peaceful SoilKoreanTumen RiverT\u00famen Ji\u0101ng (\u56fe\u4eec\u6c5f)TranscriptionDuman Gang(\ub450\ub9cc\uac15)KoreanYalu RiverY\u0101l\u01dc Ji\u0101ng(\u9e2d\u7eff\u6c5f)UnknownDuck-green RiverAmnok Gang (\uc555\ub85d\uac15)KoreanThe origin of the name is unknown, though it possibly came from the Manchu name Yalu Ula (\u1836\u1820\u182f\u1860 \u1860\u182f\u1820)Philippines[edit]\u00a0Philippines F\u0113il\u01dcb\u012bn (\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe); abbreviated by F\u0113i (\u83f2)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageManilaM\u01cen\u00edl\u0101 (\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9)TranscriptionMaynil\u00e0Filipino\u00a0Poland B\u014dl\u00e1n (\u6ce2\u5170); abbreviated by B\u014d (\u6ce2)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageWarsawHu\u00e1sh\u0101 (\u534e\u6c99)[16]TranscriptionWarszawaPolishPortugal[edit]\u00a0Portugal P\u00fat\u00e1oy\u00e1 (\u8461\u8404\u7259); abbreviated by P\u00fa (\u8461)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageLisbonL\u01d0s\u012bb\u011bn (\u91cc\u65af\u672c)[1]TranscriptionLisboaPortugueseMore common nameP\u00faj\u012bng (\u8461\u4eac)[1]Translation-transcription mixPortuguese capital\u00a0Russia \u00c9lu\u00f3s\u012b (\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af); abbreviated by \u00c9 (\u4fc4)Alternative name(s): \u00c9gu\u00f3 (\u4fc4\u56fd)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageMoscowM\u00f2s\u012bk\u0113 (\u83ab\u65af\u79d1)[1]TranscriptionMoskvaRussianSaint PetersburgSh\u00e8ng B\u01d0d\u00e9b\u01ceo (\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821) [1]Translation-transcription mixSaudi Arabia[edit]\u00a0Saudi Arabia Sh\u0101t\u00e8 \u0100l\u0101b\u00f3 (\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f); abbreviated by Sh\u0101t\u00e8 (\u6c99\u7279)Alternative name(s): Sh\u0101gu\u00f3 (\u6c99\u56fd, Taiwan only), Sh\u0101w\u016bd\u00ec\u0101l\u0101b\u00f3 (\u6c99\u70cf\u5730\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f, Taiwan only), Sh\u0101d\u00ec\u0101l\u0101b\u00f3 (\u6c99\u5730\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f, Hong Kong only)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageMeccaM\u00e0iji\u0101 (\u9ea6\u52a0)[1]TranscriptionMakkahArabicSouth Korea[edit]In Chinese, the country is not usually referred to as South Korea, but by the cognate for the endonym, Hanguk (\ud55c\uad6d).\u00a0South Korea H\u00e1ngu\u00f3 (\u97e9\u56fd); abbreviated by H\u00e1n (\u97e9)Alternative name(s): N\u00e1nh\u00e1n (\u5357\u97e9), N\u00e1nch\u00e1oxi\u01cen (\u5357\u671d\u9c9c)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageBusanF\u01d4sh\u0101n (\u91dc\u5c71)TranslationCauldron MountainBusan (\ubd80\uc0b0)KoreanGangnamJi\u0101ngn\u00e1n (\u6c5f\u5357)TranslationSouth of the RiverGangnam (\uac15\ub0a8)KoreanIncheonR\u00e9nchu\u0101n (\u4ec1\u5ddd)TranslationBenevolent RiverInch\u014fn (\uc778\ucc9c)KoreanKorea BayX\u012bch\u00e1oxi\u01cenw\u0101n (\u897f\u671d\u9c9c\u6e7e)TranslationWest ChosonBayS\u014fjos\u014fn Man (\uc11c\uc870\uc120\ub9cc)KoreanThis name uses the Chinese name for North Korea, Ch\u00e1oxi\u01cen (\u671d\u9c9c)X\u012bh\u00e1nw\u0101n(\u897f\u97e9\u6e7e)TranslationWest HanBayS\u01d2han Man(\uc11c\ud55c\ub9cc)KoreanThis name uses the Chinese name for South Korea, H\u00e1n (\u97e9)PyeongchangP\u00edngch\u0101ng (\u5e73\u660c)TranslationPeaceful RadiancePy\u014fngchang (\ud3c9\ucc3d)KoreanSeoulH\u00e0nch\u00e9ng (\u6f22\u57ce\/\u6c49\u57ce)[1]TranslationHan River city, large cityS\u01d2ul (\uc11c\uc6b8)KoreanSh\u01d2u’\u011br (\u9996\u723e\/\u9996\u5c14)[1]TranscriptionSeoul (Korean \uc11c\uc6b8) had no official hanja until 2005.Sri Lanka[edit]\u00a0Sri Lanka S\u012bl\u01d0l\u00e1nk\u01ce (\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageColomboK\u0113l\u00fanp\u014d (\u79d1\u4f26\u5761)TranscriptionKolamba (\u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dc5\u0db9)SinhalaK\u011bl\u00fanp\u014d (\u53ef\u4f26\u5761)TranscriptionKozhumpu (\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1)TamilExonym used in Taiwan only\u00a0Syria X\u00f9l\u00ecy\u01ce (\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a); abbreviated by X\u00f9 (\u53d9)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageDamascusD\u00e0m\u01cesh\u00ecg\u00e9 (\u5927\u9a6c\u58eb\u9769)TranscriptionDima\u0161q (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642)Arabic\u00a0Turkey T\u01d4’\u011brq\u00ed (\u571f\u8033\u5176)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageIstanbulY\u012bs\u012bt\u01cenb\u00f9’\u011br (\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14)TranscriptionIstanbulTurkishThailand[edit]\u00a0Thailand T\u00e0igu\u00f3 (\u6cf0\u56fd); abbreviated by T\u00e0i (\u6cf0)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageBangkokM\u00e0ng\u01d4 (\u66fc\u8c37)[1]TranscriptionKrung Thep (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e)ThaiTranscription thru Teochew dialect of Hokkien; where \u66fc\u8c37 is pronounced as “bhu\u00eang2 gog4”Chiang MaiQ\u012bngm\u00e0i (\u6e05\u8fc8)[1]TranscriptionChiangmai (\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48)ThaiTranscription thru Teochew dialect of Hokkien, where \u6e05\u8fc8 is pronounced as “c\u00eang1 mai6”Chiang RaiQ\u012bngl\u00e1i (\u6e05\u83b1)TranscriptionChiangrai(\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22)ThaiUkraine[edit]\u00a0Ukraine W\u016bk\u00e8l\u00e1n (\u4e4c\u514b\u5170); abbreviated by \u4e4c (W\u016b)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageKharkivH\u0101\u011brk\u0113f\u016b (\u54c8\u5c14\u79d1\u592b)TranscriptionKyivJ\u012bf\u01d4 (\u57fa\u8f85)TranscriptionLvivL\u00e8w\u00e9ifu (\u52d2\u7ef4\u592b)TranscriptionOdessa\u00c1od\u00e9s\u00e0 (\u6556\u5fb7\u8428)TranscriptionUnited Kingdom[edit]\u00a0United Kingdom Y\u012bnggu\u00f3 (\u82f1\u56fd); abbreviated by \u82f1 (Y\u012bng)Alternative name(s): [D\u00e0y\u012bng] Li\u00e1nh\u00e9 W\u00e1nggu\u00f3 ([\u5927\u82f1] \u8054\u5408\u738b\u56fd)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageCambridgeJi\u00e0nqi\u00e1o (\u5251\u6865)[1]Translation-transcription mixSword bridgeCardiffJi\u0101d\u00ecf\u016b (\u52a0\u7684\u592b)[17]TranscriptionEnglandY\u012bngg\u00e9l\u00e1n (\u82f1\u683c\u5170)[1]TranscriptionY\u012bngj\u00edl\u00ec (\u82f1\u5409\u5229)[1]TranscriptionY\u012bngl\u00fan (\u82f1\u4f26)[1]TranscriptionLiverpoolL\u00ecw\u00f9p\u01d4 (\u5229\u7269\u6d66)[1]Translation-transcription mixOxfordNi\u00faj\u012bn (\u725b\u6d25)[1]TranslationWhere the oxen fordScotlandS\u016bg\u00e9l\u00e1n (\u82cf\u683c\u5170)[1]TranscriptionWalesW\u00e8i\u011brsh\u00ed (\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb)[1]TranscriptionWestminsterX\u012bm\u01d0n (\u897f\u654f)[18]Translation-transcription mixYorkYu\u0113k\u00e8 (\u7ea6\u514b)[19]TranscriptionUnited States[edit]\u00a0United States M\u011bigu\u00f3 (\u7f8e\u56fd); abbreviated as M\u011bi (\u7f8e)Alternative name(s): Y\u00e0m\u011bil\u00ecji\u0101 (\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5229\u52a0), M\u011bil\u00ecji\u0101n (\u7f8e\u5229\u575a), M\u011bil\u00ecji\u0101n H\u00e9zh\u00f2nggu\u00f3 (\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd), M\u012dgu\u00f3 (\u7c73\u56fd)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageAntelope ValleyL\u00edngy\u00e1ng G\u01d4 (\u7f9a\u7f8a\u8c37)TranslationBridgeportQi\u00e1o G\u01ceng (\u6a4b\u6e2f)TranslationBroken ArrowDu\u00e0n Ji\u00e0n Ch\u00e9ng (\u65b7\u7bad\u57ce)TranslationBuffaloShu\u01d0ni\u00fach\u00e9ng (\u6c34\u725b\u57ce)[1]TranslationWater buffalo cityCaliforniaJi\u0101zh\u014du (\u52a0\u5dde)[1]Translation-transcription mixJ\u012bnzh\u014du (\u91d1\u5dde)TranslationGolden StateCambridgeJi\u00e0nqi\u00e1o (\u528d\u6a4b)Translation-transcription mixCollege StationD\u00e0xu\u00e9 Ch\u00e9ng (\u5927\u5b78\u57ce)TranslationColorado SpringsK\u0113lu\u00f3l\u0101du\u014dqu\u00e1n (\u79d1\u7f85\u62c9\u591a\u6cc9)[20]Translation-transcription mixDiamond BarZu\u00e0nsh\u00ed B\u0101 (\u947d\u77f3\u5427)TranslationFloridaF\u00f3lu\u00f3l\u01d0d\u00e1 zh\u014du\/F\u00f3zh\u014du (\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\/\u4f5b\u5dde)[1]Translation-transcription mixGrand PrairieD\u00e0 C\u01ceoyu\u00e1n Ch\u00e9ng (\u5927\u8349\u539f\u57ce)TranslationGrand RapidsD\u00e0 J\u00edli\u00fa Ch\u00e9ng (\u5927\u6025\u6d41\u57ce)TranslationGreen BayL\u01dc W\u0101n (\u7da0\u7063)TranslationHonoluluT\u00e1nxi\u0101ngsh\u0101n (\u6a80\u9999\u5c71)[1]TranslationFragrant sandalwood mountainIndependenceD\u00fal\u00ec Sh\u00ec (\u7368\u7acb\u5e02)TranslationLos AngelesLu\u00f2sh\u0101nj\u012b (\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6)[1]TranscriptionLittle RockXi\u01ceo Y\u00e1nch\u00e9ng (\u5c0f\u5ca9\u57ce)TranslationLockeL\u00e8j\u016b (\u6a02\u5c45)Long BeachCh\u01cengt\u0101n (\u9577\u7058)TranslationNew OrleansX\u012bn \u00e0o’\u011brli\u00e1ng (\u65b0\u5967\u723e\u826f)Translation-transcription mixOrangeJ\u00fa Sh\u00ec (\u6a58\u5e02)TranslationOrange CountyJ\u00fa J\u00f9n (\u6a58\u90e1)TranslationPalm BayZ\u014dngl\u01d8 W\u0101n (\u68d5\u6ada\u7063)TranslationPalmdaleZ\u014dngl\u01d8 G\u01d4 (\u68d5\u6ada\u8c37)TranslationPhiladelphiaF\u00e8i Ch\u00e9ng (\u8cbb\u57ce)Translation-transcription mixPhoenixF\u00e8nghu\u00e1ngch\u00e9ng (\u9cf3\u51f0\u57ce)[1]TranslationFenghuang CitySacramento\u00c8rb\u00f9 (\u4e8c\u57e0)[1]Special HistorySecond PortUsed by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today.Saint LouisSh\u00e8ngl\u00f9y\u00ecs\u012b (\u5723\u8def\u6613\u65af)[1]Translation-transcription mixSh\u00e8ng (\u5723) is used for place names that contain the word “Saint” or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Sh\u00e8ng (\u5723) and “Saint” are false cognates.Salt Lake CityY\u00e1nh\u00fach\u00e9ng (\u76d0\u6e56\u57ce)TranslationSalt Lake CitySan DiegoSh\u00e8ngd\u00ecy\u00e0g\u0113 (\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5)[1]Translation-transcription mixSh\u00e8ng (\u5723) is used for place names that contain the word “Saint” or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Sh\u00e8ng (\u5723) and “Saint” are false cognates.San Jos\u00e9Sh\u00e8ngh\u00e9x\u012b (\u5723\u8377\u897f)Translation-transcription mixSh\u00e8ng (\u5723) is used for place names that contain the word “Saint” or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Sh\u00e8ng (\u5723) and “Saint” are false cognates.San FranciscoJi\u00f9j\u012bnsh\u0101n (\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71)[1]Special HistoryOld Gold MountainEarly Chinese immigrants and migrant workers to the United States nicknamed the city “Old Gold Mountain” in reference to the California Gold Rush, as many Chinese would come to search for gold in California and would arrive in the country via San Francisco.[21] Many Chinese called the city “Gold Mountain”. However, when gold was discovered in Melbourne, Australia, San Francisco was re-nicknamed “Old Gold Mountain” and Melbourne was nicknamed “New Gold Mountain”, or \u65b0\u91d1\u5c71 (X\u012bn j\u012bnsh\u0101n) in Chinese.[2] Name used by the governments of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China.S\u0101nf\u0101nsh\u00ec (\u4e09\u85e9\u5e02)[1]Translation-transcription mixSometimes shown side by side with Jiujinshan, in parentheses. Official name used by the government of Hong Kong and more common in Cantonese.D\u00e0b\u00f9 (\u5927\u57e0)[1]Special HistoryBig portUsed by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today.Santa FeSh\u00e8ngt\u01cef\u0113i (\u5723\u5854\u83f2)[1]Translation-transcription mixSh\u00e8ng (\u5723) is used for place names that contain the word “Saint” or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Sh\u00e8ng (\u5723) and “Saint” are false cognates.SpringfieldCh\u016bnti\u00e1n Sh\u00ec (\u6625\u7530\u5e02)TranslationSolvangD\u0101nm\u00e0i C\u016bn (\u4e39\u9ea5\u6751)TranslationDanish villageStocktonS\u0101nb\u00f9 (\u4e09\u57e0)[1]Special HistoryThird PortUsed by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today.Thousand OaksQi\u0101n Xi\u00e0ng Ch\u00e9ng (\u5343\u6a61\u57ce)TranslationWalnutH\u00e9t\u00e1o Sh\u00ec (\u6838\u6843\u5e02)TranslationWashington D.C.Hu\u00e1sh\u00e8ngd\u00f9n(t\u00e8q\u016b) (\u534e\u76db\u987f (\u7279\u533a))[1]Translation-transcription mixWashington (special district)West Palm BeachX\u012b Z\u014dngl\u01d8 T\u0101n (\u897f\u68d5\u6ada\u7058)TranslationYellowstone National ParkHu\u00e1ngsh\u00ed Gu\u00f3ji\u0101 G\u014dngyu\u00e1n (\u9ec4\u77f3\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed)TranslationUzbekistan[edit]\u00a0Uzbekistan W\u016bz\u012bbi\u00e9k\u00e8s\u012bt\u01cen (\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766)Alternative name(s): W\u016bz\u012bbi\u00e9k\u00e8 (\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameLanguageTashkentT\u01ce Sh\u00ed G\u00e0n (\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72)\u0422\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442UzbekFergana*D\u00e0yu\u0101n (\u5927\u5b9b)Reconstructed pronunciationVietnam[edit]\u00a0Vietnam Yu\u00e8n\u00e1n (\u8d8a\u5357); abbreviated by Yu\u00e8 (\u8d8a)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningNameLanguageDanangXi\u00e0n G\u01ceng (\u5c98\u6e2f)Translationsteep hill harbor\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ngVietnameseHaiphongH\u01cei F\u00e1ng (\u6d77\u9632)Translationsea defenceH\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ngVietnameseHalongXi\u00e0 L\u00f3ng (\u4e0b\u9f99)Translationdescending dragonH\u1ea1 LongVietnameseHanoiH\u00e9 N\u00e8i (\u6cb3\u5185)[1]Translationwithin the riverH\u00e0 N\u1ed9iVietnameseHo Chi Minh City (HCMC)H\u00fa Zh\u00ec M\u00edng Sh\u00ec (\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e\u5e02)[1]Translation-transcription mixHo Chi Minh CityTh\u00e0nh ph\u00f3 H\u00f2 Ch\u00ed Minh (TPHCM)VietnameseH\u00fa Zh\u00ecm\u00edng (\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e) is the Chinese pronunciation of the Chinese characters that make up the name Ho Chi MinhHueSh\u00f9n Hu\u00e0 (\u987a\u5316)TranslationHu\u1ebfVietnameseSh\u00f9n Hu\u00e0 (\u987a\u5316) is based on the old name Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a\u00a0Yemen Y\u011bm\u00e9n (\u4e5f\u95e8)Alternative name(s): Y\u00e8m\u00e9n (\u8449\u9580, Taiwan only)English nameMandarin nameEndonymNotesNameTypeNameLanguageSanaaS\u00e0n\u00e0 (\u8428\u7eb3)TranscriptionSana’aStandard ArabicInternational bodies of water[edit]English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningAmazon RiverY\u00e0m\u01cex\u00f9n H\u00e9(\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3)Translation-transcription mixAmazon RiverArabian Sea\u0100l\u0101b\u00f3 H\u01cei(\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6d77)Translation-transcription mixArab(ian) SeaArctic OceanB\u011bib\u012bng Y\u00e1ng(\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b)TranslationNorth(ern) Ice OceanAtlantic SeaD\u00e0x\u012by\u00e1ng(\u5927\u897f\u6d0b)TranslationGreat West(ern) OceanThe Chinese translation differs from the European names of the ocean, which are named after the fictional city of Atlantis.Baltic SeaB\u014dlu\u00f3d\u00ech\u01cei(\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77)Translation-transcription mixBaltic SeaBlack SeaH\u0113ih\u01cei(\u9ed1\u6d77)TranslationBlack SeaDanube RiverDu\u014dn\u01ceo H\u00e9(\u591a\u7459\u6cb3)Translation-transcription mixDonau RiverThe Chinese name for the river is based on the German name, Donau.Dead SeaS\u01d0h\u01cei(\u6b7b\u6d77)TranslationDead SeaEast China SeaD\u014dngh\u01cei(\u4e1c\u6d77)TranslationEast SeaIndian OceanY\u00ecnd\u00f9y\u00e1ng(\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b)Translation-transcription mixIndia(n) OceanJordan RiverYu\u0113d\u00e0n H\u00e9(\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3)Translation-transcription mixJordan RiverMekong RiverM\u00e9ig\u014dng H\u00e9(\u6e44\u516c\u6cb3)Translation-transcription mixMekong RiverMediterranean SeaD\u00eczh\u014dngh\u01cei(\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77)TranslationEarth Center SeaNile RiverN\u00edlu\u00f3 H\u00e9(\u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3)Translation-transcription mixNile RiverPacific OceanT\u00e0ip\u00edng Y\u00e1ng(\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b)TranslationWide Calm OceanPersian GulfB\u014ds\u012b W\u0101n(\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e)Translation-transcription mixPersia(n) GulfRhine RiverL\u00e1iy\u012bn H\u00e9(\u83b1\u8335\u6cb3)Translation-transcription mixRhine RiverSea of JapanR\u00ecb\u011bn H\u01cei(\u65e5\u672c\u6d77)TranslationJapan(ese) SeaSouth China SeaN\u00e1nh\u01cei(\u5357\u6d77)TranslationSouth SeaInternational landmarks and regions[edit]English nameMandarin nameNotesNameTypeHanzi meaningAlps\u0100’\u011brb\u0113is\u012b Sh\u0101nm\u00e0i(\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5c71\u8109)Translation-transcription mixAlp Mountain RangeAmazon RainforestY\u00e0m\u01cex\u00f9n R\u00e8d\u00e0i Y\u01d4l\u00edn(\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797)Translation-transcription mixAmazon Tropical RainforestAndes Mountains\u0100nd\u00ecs\u012b Sh\u0101nm\u00e0i(\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5c71\u8109)Translation-transcription mixAndes Mountain RangeBalkansB\u0101’\u011brg\u00e0n B\u00e0nd\u01ceo(\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u534a\u5c9b)Translation-transcription mixBalkan PeninsulaBaltic statesB\u014dlu\u00f3d\u00ech\u01cei Gu\u00f3ji\u0101(\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6)Translation-transcription mixBaltic CountriesBritish IslesB\u00f9li\u00e8di\u0101n Zh\u016bd\u01ceo (\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bf8\u5c9b)Translation-transcription mixBritish ArchipelagoCaribbean IslandsJi\u0101l\u00e8b\u01d0 Q\u00fand\u01ceo(\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u7fa4\u5c9b)Translation-transcription mixCaribbean ArchipelagoCentral AsiaZh\u014dngy\u00e0 (\u4e2d\u4e9a)Translation-transcription mixCentral AsiaEast AsiaD\u014dngy\u00e0 (\u4e1c\u4e9a)Translation-transcription mixEast AsiaEurasia\u014cuy\u00e0 D\u00e0l\u00f9(\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646)Translation-transcription mixEurasia(n) MainlandHimalayasX\u01d0m\u01cel\u0101y\u01ce Sh\u0101nm\u00e0i(\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5c71\u8109)Translation-transcription mixHimalaya Mountain RangeMiddle EastZh\u014dngd\u014dng(\u4e2d\u4e1c)TranslationMiddle EastX\u012by\u01ce (\u897f\u4e9a)Translation-transcription mixWest AsiaLatin AmericaL\u0101d\u012bng M\u011bizh\u014du (\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32)Translation-transcription mixLatin America(n)  (Continent)Rocky MountainsLu\u00f2j\u012b Sh\u0101nm\u00e0i(\u843d\u57fa\u5c71\u8109)Translation-transcription mixFalling Base Mountain RangeThe Chinese word \u6d1b\u57fa literally means “falling base”, but the pronunciation, lu\u00f2j\u012b, is an approximate transcription of the English word “rocky”ScandinaviaS\u012bk\u0101nd\u00ecn\u00e0w\u00e9iy\u01ce B\u00e0nd\u01ceo(\u65af\u582a\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b)Translation-transcription mixScandinavia(n) PeninsulaSahara DesertS\u01ceh\u0101l\u0101 Sh\u0101m\u00f2(\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20)Translation-transcription mixSahara DesertSouth AsiaN\u00e1ny\u00e0 (\u5357\u4e9a)Translation-transcription mixSouth AsiaSoutheast AsiaD\u014dngn\u00e1ny\u00e0 (\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a)Translation-transcription mixSoutheast AsiaSub-Saharan AfricaS\u01ceh\u0101l\u0101 Y\u01d0n\u00e1n F\u0113izh\u014du(\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32)Translation-transcription mixAfrica South of SaharaUral MountainsW\u016bl\u0101’\u011br Sh\u0101nm\u00e0i(\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u5c71\u8109)Translation-transcription mixUral Mountain RangeSee also[edit]References[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/chinese-exonyms-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Chinese exonyms – Wikipedia"}}]}]