[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/lorraine-petrel-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/lorraine-petrel-wikipedia\/","headline":"Lorraine P\u00e9trel – Wikipedia","name":"Lorraine P\u00e9trel – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 1930s French piston aircraft engine The Lorraine 12H P\u00e9trel was a French V-12","datePublished":"2020-12-11","dateModified":"2020-12-11","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki21\/lorraine-petrel-wikipedia\/","wordCount":1649,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x41930s French piston aircraft engineThe Lorraine 12H P\u00e9trel was a French V-12 supercharged, geared piston aeroengine initially rated at 370\u00a0kW (500\u00a0hp), but later developed to give 640\u00a0kW (860\u00a0hp).  It powered a variety of mostly French aircraft in the mid-1930s, several on an experimental basis.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsDesign and development[edit]Operational history[edit]Variants[edit]Applications[edit]Engines on display[edit]Specifications (12Hfrs, Normale)[edit]General characteristicsComponentsPerformanceReferences[edit]Design and development[edit]During the 1930s Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Lorraine, which in 1937 was nationalised into the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale de Construction de Moteurs (SNCM), continued its tradition of building large water-cooled aeroengines.  These later engines were named after birds: Eider, Courlis (en:curlew), P\u00e9trel and Sterna. The last two remained in production in 1938.[2]The P\u00e9trel was an upright V-12 engine with two banks of six cylinders, arranged at 60\u00b0 to each other, driving a common crankshaft.  The cylinder blocks were bolted onto the crankcase, all light alloy parts.  The crankcase came in two pieces, with seven crankshaft bearings in the upper section. Roller bearings were used at the crankshaft ends; the remaining five were plain.  The upper crankcase section also had integrally cast water channels as part of the cooling system.[2]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Steel cylinder liners were screwed into the heads, with their lower parts projecting into the crankcase.  Steel seats for valves and sparking plugs were shrunk into the heads.  The pistons were forged from alugir, with three compression and one scraper ring and floating bronze bushes for the gudgeon pins.  The twelve pistons were connected to the six crankpins in pairs, each with a master and an auxiliary connecting rod. The master rods had forked big ends with white metal bearings; the auxiliary rod ends ran between the forks on bronze bushes.[2]The P\u00e9trel had four overhead valves per cylinder, two exhaust and two inlet, in bronze valve guides.  Each bank had its own overhead camshaft and each cam operated a pair of valves through T-shaped tappets, the stem of the T moving in a guide to avoid sideways force on the valve stems.  There were two sparking plugs per cylinder and twin magnetos. A carburettor fed the mixture into the intake of the supercharger, at the rear of the engine.  The P\u00e9trel’s output could be left or right handed; a Lorraine patent planet gearset, with six satellite gears, provided an 11:17 reduction of propeller shaft speed.[2]Engine lubrication was by forcing pressurized oil through the crankshaft, with sump scavenging.  The supercharger had its own lubrication system.[2]First run in 1932, the early P\u00e9trels produced only 370\u00a0kW (500\u00a0hp) but by 1938 the engine had been developed into the 12Hars model which gave 640\u00a0kW (860\u00a0hp).  This variant was used by the Koolhoven F.K.55 fighter, where it drove a pair of counter-rotating, twin-bladed propellers.[1]Operational history[edit]Like the Koolhoven F.K.55, many of the aircraft types to use the P\u00e9trel were one-offs, testing the Lorraine against better known engines from Hispano-Suiza and Rolls-Royce but the Potez 542 version of the Potez 540 family were built in numbers, with 74 of these twin-engined, multi-role (bomber, reconnaissance and transport) aircraft supplied to the French and Spanish air forces.Variants[edit]12H P\u00e9trelInitial power 370\u00a0kW (500\u00a0hp).[1]12Ha370\u00a0kW (500\u00a0hp)12Hars477\u00a0kW (640\u00a0hp).[1]12Hdr370\u00a0kW (500\u00a0hp) at 2300 rpm12Hdrs536\u00a0kW (719\u00a0hp) at 2300 rpm12Hfrs Normale536\u00a0kW (719\u00a0hp).[2]12Hfrs ChasseDesigned for fighter aircraft produced higher powers, 567\u00a0kW (760\u00a0hp) at 2,800 rpm and 4,000\u00a0m (13,000\u00a0ft).[2]12Hgrs608\u00a0kW (815\u00a0hp) at 2800 rpmApplications[edit]Engines on display[edit]Specifications (12Hfrs, Normale)[edit]Data from Jane’s all the World’s aircraft 1938[2]General characteristicsType: Supercharged upright water-cooled 60\u00b0 V-12 piston engineBore: 145 mm (5.71 in)Stroke: 145 mm (5.71 in)Displacement: 28.73 L (1,753 cu in)Length: 1,858 mm (73.15 in)Width: 707 mm (27.83 in)Height: 795 mm (31.30 in)Dry weight: with accessories 475 kg (1,047 lb)ComponentsValvetrain: 4 spring-loaded valves per cylinder, driven in pairs via T-shaped tappets by cams on overhead camshafts, one per blockSupercharger: centrifugal, driven at 8.8 crankshaft speed via epicyclic gears; independent lubrication with dedicated pressure and scavenge pumpsFuel system: single or double barrelled Lorraine carburettor at supercharger inlet, supplied by 2 A.M. fuel pumpsIgnition system: 2 plugs per cylinder; 2 magnetosFuel type: petrolOil system: 1 pressure pump supplies oil via crankshaft, removed from sump by 2 scavenge pumps.  Operating pressure 0.49 Mpa (71\u00a0psi)Cooling system: waterReduction gear: 17:11PerformancePower output: 536 kW (720 hp) rated at 2,650 rpm and 4,000 m (13,123 ft)Compression ratio: 6:1Specific fuel consumption: 315 g\/(kW.h) (8.0 oz\/(hp.h))Oil consumption: cruise 12\u00b11 g\/(kW.h) (0.33\u00b1 0.05 oz\/(hp.h))References[edit]^ a b c d Gunston, Bill (1989). World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines (2\u00a0ed.). Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens Ltd. p.\u00a095. ISBN\u00a01-85260-163-9.^ a b c d e f g h Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane’s All the World’s Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. pp.\u00a047d\u201348d. ISBN\u00a00-7153-5734-4.       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