Provinces of Indonesia – Wikipedia

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The first-level subdivision of Indonesia

Provinces of Indonesia are the 38 administrative divisions of Indonesia and the highest tier of the local government (formerly called first-level provincial region or provinsi daerah tingkat I). Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies and cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II), which are in turn subdivided into districts (kecamatan).

Background[edit]

Article 18 paragraph 1 of The 1945 Constitution states that “The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws.”

According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014) the authority of the Provincial Government includes:

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  1. Development planning and control;
  2. Planning, utilization, and community peace;
  3. Implementation of public order and public peace;
  4. Provision of public facilities and infrastructure;
  5. Handling the health sector;
  6. Education and allocation of potential human resources;
  7. Handling social problems across regencies/cities;
  8. Services in the field of manpower across regencies/cities;
  9. Facilitating the development of cooperatives, small and medium enterprises, including across districts/cities;
  10. Environmental control;
  11. Defense services, including across regencies/cities;
  12. Population and civil registration services;
  13. Government general administration services;
  14. Investment administration services, including across regencies/cities;
  15. The implementation of other basic services that cannot be carried out by regencies/cities; and
  16. Other mandatory affairs mandated by laws and regulations.

The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by the province.

Each province has a local government, headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under the plan, simultaneous partial local elections will be held in February 2017, June 2018, December 2020, culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts on November 2024 and then every five years.

Current provinces[edit]

After the creation of Southwest Papua, Indonesia now has 38 provinces: 29 ordinary provinces and 9 provinces that have special status. The 1945 Constitution mentions that the state of Indonesia acknowledges and respects the special status of some of its regional governments. The special status is divided into two separate characteristics which in Indonesian are “Istimewa” and “Khusus”. The main meaning for both is special in English, however, Istimewa could also be translated to “privileged”.

Seven provinces in Indonesia that have special characteristics are:

One province has “privileged” characteristics:

One province has both characteristics:

  • Aceh Aceh, which has the special and privileged status of implementation of Islamic sharia law in religious life, customary life, and education.

Click on a province name to go to its main article

Geographical units[edit]

The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function.[1]

Geographical unit Provinces Population
(mid-2022)[2]		 Largest city
Sumatra Aceh, the Bangka Belitung Islands, Bengkulu, Jambi, Lampung, North Sumatra, Riau, the Riau Islands, South Sumatra, and West Sumatra 59,977,300 Medan
Java Banten, Central Java, East Java, the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and West Java 154,282,100 Jakarta
Kalimantan Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan 17,052,200 Samarinda
Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Islands) Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara 15,355,100 Denpasar
Sulawesi Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi 20,304,400 Makassar
Maluku Islands Maluku and North Maluku 3,201,000 Ambon
Papua (Western New Guinea) Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua 5,601,900 Jayapura

Table of provinces[edit]

Provinces of Indonesia[3][4]
Arms Province Indonesian
name 		Indonesian
acronym 		ISO[5] Capital Largest city Population
(mid-2022
estimate)[6]		 Area (km2) Density
(/km2)
(2022)[7]		 Geographical unit No. of cities &
regencies 		No. of
cities 		No. of
regencies
Coat of arms of Aceh.svg Aceh Aceh Aceh ID – AC 5,407,900 56,835 95 Sumatra 23 5 18
Coat of arms of Bali.svg Bali Bali Bali ID – BA 4,415,100 5,590 790 Lesser Sunda Islands 9 1 8
Coat of arms of Bangka Belitung Islands.svg Bangka Belitung Islands Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Babel ID – BB 1,494,600 16,690 90 Sumatra 7 1 6
Coat of arms of Banten.svg Banten Banten Banten ID – BT 12,252,000 9,353 1,310 Java 8 4 4
Coat of arms of Bengkulu.svg Bengkulu Bengkulu Bengkulu ID – BE 2,060,100 20,128 102 Sumatra 10 1 9
Coat of arms of Central Java.svg Central Java Jawa Tengah Jateng ID – JT 37,032,400 34,337 1,078 Java 35 6 29
Coat of arms of Central Kalimantan.svg Central Kalimantan Kalimantan Tengah Kalteng ID – KT 2,741,100 153,444 18 Kalimantan 14 1 13
Logo Provinsi Papua Tengah Hardik.png Central Papua Papua Tengah Pateng ID – PT 1,431,000 61,073 23 Western New Guinea 8 0 8
Coat of arms of Central Sulawesi.svg Central Sulawesi Sulawesi Tengah Sulteng ID – ST 3,066,100 61,606 50 Sulawesi 13 1 12
Coat of arms of East Java.svg East Java Jawa Timur Jatim ID – JI 41,150,000 48,037 857 Java 38 9 29
Coat of arms of East Kalimantan.svg East Kalimantan[8] Kalimantan Timur Kaltim ID – KI 3,859,800 126,981 30 Kalimantan 10 3 7
Coat of Arms of East Nusa Tenggara NEW.png East Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara Timur NTT ID – NT 5,466,300 46,447 118 Lesser Sunda Islands 22 1 21
Coat of arms of Gorontalo.svg Gorontalo Gorontalo Gorontalo ID – GO 1,192,700 12,025 99 Sulawesi 6 1 5
Coat of arms of Highland Papua.png Highland Papua Papua Pegunungan Pagun ID – PE 1,430,500 51,213 28 Western New Guinea 8 0 8
Coat of arms of Jakarta.svg Special Capital Region of Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta DKI Jakarta ID – JK 10,680,000 661 16,158 Java 6 5 1
Coat of arms of Jambi.svg Jambi Jambi Jambi ID – JA 3,631,100 49,027 74 Sumatra 11 2 9
Coat of arms of Lampung.svg Lampung Lampung Lampung ID – LA 9,176,600 33,570 273 Sumatra 15 2 13
Coat of arms of Maluku.svg Maluku Maluku Maluku ID – MA 1,881,700 46,158 41 Maluku Islands 11 2 9
Coat of arms of North Kalimantan (2021 version).svg North Kalimantan Kalimantan Utara Kaltara ID – KU 727,800 70,101 10 Kalimantan 5 1 4
Coat of arms of North Maluku.svg North Maluku Maluku Utara Malut ID – MU 1,319,300 32,999 40 Maluku Islands 10 2 8
Coat of arms of North Sulawesi.svg North Sulawesi Sulawesi Utara Sulut ID – SA 2,659,500 14,500 183 Sulawesi 15 4 11
Coat of arms of North Sumatra.svg North Sumatra Sumatra Utara Sumut ID – SU 15,115,200 72,461 209 Sumatra 33 8 25
Coat of arms of Papua 2.svg Papua Papua [b] Papua ID – PA 1,035,000 82,681 13 Western New Guinea 9 1 8
Coat of arms of Riau.svg Riau Riau Riau ID – RI 6,614,400 89,936 74 Sumatra 12 2 10
Coat of arms of Riau Islands.svg Riau Islands Kepulauan Riau Kepri ID – KR 2,179,800 8,270 264 Sumatra 7 2 5
Coat of arms of Southeast Sulawesi.svg Southeast Sulawesi Sulawesi Tenggara Sultra ID – SG 2,701,700 36,160 75 Sulawesi 17 2 15
Coat of arms of South Kalimantan.svg South Kalimantan Kalimantan Selatan Kalsel ID – KS 4,182,100 37,135 113 Kalimantan 13 2 11
South Papua Papua Selatan Pasel ID – PS 522,200 117,849 4.4 Western New Guinea 4 0 4
Coat of arms of South Sulawesi.svg South Sulawesi Sulawesi Selatan Sulsel ID – SN 9,225,800 45,331 204 Sulawesi 24 3 21
Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg South Sumatra Sumatra Selatan Sumsel ID – SS 8,657,000 86,772 100 Sumatra 17 4 13
Coat of Arms of Southwest Papua Province (HD).png Southwest Papua Papua Barat Daya PBD 621,904 39,123 16 Western New Guinea 6 1 5
Coat of arms of West Java.svg West Java Jawa Barat Jabar ID – JB 49,405,800 37,045 1,334 Java 27 9 18
Coat of arms of West Kalimantan.svg West Kalimantan Kalimantan Barat Kalbar ID – KB 5,541,400 147,037 38 Kalimantan 14 2 12
Coat of arms of West Nusa Tenggara.svg West Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara Barat NTB ID – NB 5,473,700 19,676 278 Lesser Sunda Islands 10 2 8
Coat of arms of West Papua.svg West Papua Papua Barat [c] Pabar ID – PB[9] 561,403 60,275 9 Western New Guinea 7 0 7
Coat of arms of West Sulawesi.svg West Sulawesi Sulawesi Barat Sulbar ID – SR 1,458,600 16,595 88 Sulawesi 6 0 6
Coat of arms of West Sumatra.svg West Sumatra Sumatra Barat Sumbar ID – SB 5,640,600 42,120 134 Sumatra 19 7 12
Coat of arms of Yogyakarta.svg Special Region of Yogyakarta Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta DIY ID – YO 3,761,900 3,171 1,186 Java 5 1 4

Former provinces[edit]

Three-province Sumatra (1948–56) (L) and two-province Sulawesi (1960–64) with present-day regency borders

Upon the independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established. West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Maluku still exist as of today despite later divisions, while Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara, formerly Lesser Sunda (Sunda Kecil) were fully liquidated by dividing them into new provinces. The province of Central Sumatra existed from 1948 to 1957, while East Timor was annexed as a province from 1976 until its power transfer to UNTAET in 1999 prior to its independence as a country in 2002.

New provinces made from currently-existing provinces[edit]

Pre-1999 Maluku (L) and Irian Jaya (now Papua, R) with present-day regency borders

Provinces in Western New Guinea, after the split of Papua Province into four provinces in June 2022[17] but before the split of West Papua Province into two provinces in December 2022[18]

Renamed provinces[edit]

Year Old name
(Indonesian) 		Old name
(English) 		New name
(Indonesian) 		New name
(English) 		Current name
1954 Sunda Kecil Lesser Sunda Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara non-existent
1959 Aceh Aceh Daerah Istimewa Aceh Aceh Special Region Aceh
1961 Jakarta Raya Greater Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya Greater Jakarta Special Capital Region Jakarta Special Capital Region
1973 Irian Barat West Irian Irian Jaya Irian Jaya Papua
1990 Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya Greater Jakarta Special Capital Region Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Jakarta Special Capital Region Jakarta Special Capital Region
2001 Daerah Istimewa Aceh Aceh Special Region Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace Aceh
2002 Irian Jaya Irian Jaya Papua Papua Papua
2007 Irian Jaya Barat West Irian Jaya Papua Barat West Papua West Papua
2009 Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace Aceh Aceh Aceh

Former provincial capitals[edit]

See also[edit]

  1. ^ Jakarta is a province-level Capital Special Region comprising five Kota Administrasis (administrative cities/municipalities) and one Kabupaten Administrasi (administrative regency). It has no de jure capital, but many governmental buildings are located at Central Jakarta.
  2. ^ Since 25 July 2022 Papua Province has been reduced to just five regencies (plus a city) in the northern part of Western New Guinea, plus three regencies in Cenderawasih Bay, with most of the previous regencies of the province split off to form three new provinces. Figures have been adjusted to take account of this separation.
  3. ^ Since November 2022, West Papua Province has been reduced to a smaller part of Western New Guinea, with much of the western parts of the province split off to form the new province of Southwest Papua. Figures have been adjusted to take account of this separation.

References[edit]

  1. ^ ISO 3166-2:ID
  2. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
  3. ^ “Data Wilayah – Kementerian Dalam Negeri – Republik Indonesia”. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  4. ^ Buku Induk—Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan per Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota dan Kecamatan Seluruh Indonesia (PDF) (in Indonesian), Kementerian Dalam Negeri [Ministry of Home Affairs], archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-19
  5. ^ ISO 3166-2:ID (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of Indonesia)
  6. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik/Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2023.
  7. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik/Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2023.
  8. ^ Figures adjusted to take account of the separation of Tarakan city and four regencies, as confirmed by Badan Pusat Statistik, to form the new province of North Kalimantan, listed separately in this table.
  9. ^ West Papua was created from the western portion of Papua province in February 2003, initially under the name of Irian Jaya Barat, and was renamed Papua Barat (West Papua) on 7 February 2007. The split remains controversial. In November 2004, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ruled that the split violated Papua’s autonomy laws. However, since the western province had already been created, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also aborted the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, because the split was not yet completed. As of June 2008, an ISO 3166-2 code has not yet been published for West Papua. If one were to follow precedent, it would be ID-PB. Note: ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-1 (corrected 2010-02-19) page 18-19 confirms this as ID-PB. See http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. The code ID-IJ now refers to the larger geographical region including Papua and West Papua.
  10. ^ a b “Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 1950” [Government Regulation Number 21 of 1950]. Government Regulation No. 21 of 1950 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-11.
  11. ^ “Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1956” [Act Number 25 of 1956]. Act No. 25 of 1956. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian).
  12. ^ “Undang-Undang Nomor 64 Tahun 1958” [Act Number 64 of 1958]. Act No. 64 of 1958. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian).
  13. ^ “Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 47 Tahun 1960” [Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 47 of 1960]. Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 47 of 1970 (in Indonesian).
  14. ^ “Undang-Undang Darurat Nomor 19 Tahun 1957” [Emergency Act Number 19 Year 1957]. Emergency Act No. 19 of 1957 (in Indonesian).
  15. ^ a b “Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1964” [Act Number 13 of 1964]. Act No. 13 of 1964. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian).
  16. ^ “Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1976” [Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1976]. Act No. 7 of 1976 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-14.
  17. ^ Meilani, Tri; Adji, Raka. “The long-awaited birth of South Papua province”. antaranews.com. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  18. ^ “Southwest Papua Province inaugurated, Indonesia now has 38 provinces”. Indonesiawindow.com. Retrieved 22 February 2023.



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