Southeast Papuan languages – Wikipedia
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Language group of New Guinea
The Southeast Papuan or Papuan Peninsula (“Bird’s Tail”) languages are a group of half a dozen small families of Papuan languages in the “Bird’s Tail” (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea that are part of the Trans–New Guinea (TNG) phylum.
Languages[edit]
The languages are as follows:[1]
They have in common ya for ‘you’ (plural) instead of proto-TNG *gi.
Pronouns[edit]
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]
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Owen Stanley Meneao (Dagan) sg pl sg pl 1 *na ? *n[e/a] *nu 2 *ga *ja *g[e/a] *j[e/a] 3 *e (?) *ie (?) *me *mV
Lexical comparison[edit]
The lexical data below is from the Trans-New Guinea database[3] and Usher (2020).[4]
| family | language | head | hair | ear | eye | nose | tooth | tongue | leg | blood | bone | skin | breast |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *kobutu; *kV(mb,p)utu; *mUtUna; *mVtVna | *iti; *(nd,s)umu(n,t)[V]; *zumun | *ka(nd,t)(i,e)C; *kat(i,e)C; *tVmV(d) | *g(a,u)mu; *ŋg(a,u)mu; *(ŋg,k)iti [maŋgV]; *nVpV | *mundu; *mutu | *magata; *maŋgat[a]; *titi | *balaŋ; *mbilaŋ; *me(l,n)e; *me(n,l)e | *kani(n); *k(a,o)ond(a,o)C; *kitu | *ke(ñj,s)a; *kesa | *kondaC; *kwata(l,n) | *gatapu; *(ŋg,k)a(nd,t)apu | *amu |
| Goilalan | Fuyug | hul ha; ondobe | are; hul haluma | gadolo | hul li; im | hul hunga; unge | hul usi | hul asese | soga | tana | hude | hul hoda; ode | hul duda |
| Goilalan | Tauade | kɔrɔtɔ | awutu | kepapaí | tavai | ki:tʰ | nɔtɔvai | aivi | lɔ’vai | il’iví | keniví | kɔtipai | data |
| Greater Binanderean | Proto-Binandere | *ciro; *giti | *tu | *dibe; *diti | *di | *VwVwV | *ju; *or{a,o}rә | *bobo; *wetu | *tamә | *ami | |||
| Koiarian | Proto-Koiarian | *fómo | *ni | *uri | *taɣo | *vata | *amu | ||||||
| Kwalean | Proto-Kwalean (Ross) | *iku(va) | *(u)bu(i)vi(ma) | *ʒaʒore | *vono(ne); *wano(ne) | *ruu | *esi(ne) | *ahiri | *n(a)u(ne) | ||||
| Kwalean | Proto-Humene-Uare (Usher)[4] | *igu | *ubuma | *jajɔɾɛ | *ɣɔnɔnɛ | *majanɛ | *ɔda | *ɾɔo̝ | *e̝tinɛ | *ahe̝ɾe̝ | *nuunɛ | ||
| Manubaran | Proto-Manubaran (Ross) | *ada | *weʔia | *ane-ma | *ne(u) | *uru-ma | *gade | *afie | *[n,y]u-ka | *nena | *roʔ(o,a) | ||
| Manubaran | Proto-Mount Brown (Usher)[4] | *ada | *u[w]e[t/k]a | *anema | *ne | *uɾuma | *gade | *api[j]e | *daweʔa | *nena | *ɾoʔo | *sisu | |
| Yareban | Proto-Musa River[4] | *bo-tai | *idi | *ome | *nai-tai | *iboʔo | *ni[ʔ]o | *meana | *buɾi | *iwa | *tai | *ope | *ama |
| Mailuan | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | ilolo | liʔimu | ʔope | ini | durumu | maʔa | goba | ʔau | lala | kisa | ʔopi | ama |
| Dagan | Daga | iwa | igumewa | darinewa | yamewa | ginewa | nodonewa | mɛriwa | dɛnip | kaemewa | ɛpiwa | amewa |
| family | language | louse | dog | pig | bird | egg | tree | sun | moon | water | fire | stone | path |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *niman | *n(e,i); *n(e)i; *n[e]i; *yak; *yaka[i]; *yanem | *maŋgV; *munaka; *mun(a,u)ka | *ida; *inda ~ *iñja | *kamali; *kamuli; *ketana | *kal(a,i)m; *kamali; *takVn; *takVn[V] | *nok; *(n)ok; *ok(u); *ok[V] | *inda; *k(a,e)dap; *k(a,e)(n,d)ap; *kambu; *k(a,o)nd(a,u)p | *kamb(a,u)na; *(na)muna; *[na]muna | |||
| Goilalan | Fuyug | hi | ho; oi | ovo | Nemba; nembe | hulombo | i’i | evuli | hama | ʒu | oki | zo | enamba; inambe |
| Goilalan | Tauade | dautʰ | kɔveřa | pɔřu | kide | mutuwu | eata | vatava | ɔne | ipi | e’na·m | evi’ti | bɔřiƀařa |
| Greater Binanderean | Proto-Binandere | *sinә | *pu | *munju | *i | *iji; *waeko | *inua | *awo | *g{o,e}mb{a,i}(ro) | *begata; *esa; *ndai | |||
| Koiarian | Proto-Koiarian | *ʔumu | *ugu[fa] | *uni | *idí | *vené | *muni | ||||||
| Kwalean | Proto-Kwalean (Ross) | *(n)omo(ne) | *ɣuni | *aba | *teboare | *ma(va) | *mada | *bato | *vou; *wara | *ire | *hadi | ||
| Kwalean | Proto-Humene-Uare (Usher) | *nɔmɔnɛ | *ɣo̝ni | *aba | *ne̝ni; *t[e̝]b[o̝]ɾ[e̝] | *maɣa | *maˈda | *batɔ | *wɔu | *iɾɛ | *hadi | *e̝bi | |
| Manubaran | Proto-Manubaran (Ross) | *gue | *auna | *Dona | *erena | *une-ma | *yabo | *maida(ka) | *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?) | *koru | *ita | ||
| Manubaran | Proto-Mount Brown (Usher) | *gu[w]e | *auna | *dona | *eɾena | *unema | *jabo | *me[i]daʔa | *ejoʔa | *koɾu | *ita | *waʔiga | *ida |
| Yareban | Proto-Musa River | *uʔa | *kua | *boɾo | *gasiɾa; *ada | *baka; *uɾimi | *ana | *eweaka | *maɾabe; *sakaɾa | *adua | *inaʔa | *oma; *gebiɾo | *daʔaba |
| Mailuan | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | tuma | dari | talae | manu | muruʔu | ana | nina | dovele | ʔaʔama | eu | gomana | laea |
| Dagan | Daga | kuisin | eao | tuan | nɛnip | bagua | oma | oam | siragam | kaum | om |
References[edit]
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