[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/cauque-mayan-language-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/cauque-mayan-language-wikipedia\/","headline":"Cauque Mayan language – Wikipedia","name":"Cauque Mayan language – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mixed Mayan language spoken in Guatemala Cauqu\u00e9 Mayan (also known as Kaqchikel\u2013K\u02bciche\u02bc Mixed language) is","datePublished":"2014-05-02","dateModified":"2014-05-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg\/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg\/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png","height":"14","width":"9"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/cauque-mayan-language-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":1773,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMixed Mayan language spoken in GuatemalaCauqu\u00e9 Mayan (also known as Kaqchikel\u2013K\u02bciche\u02bc Mixed language) is a mixed language spoken in the aldea of Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9, Santiago Sacatep\u00e9quez, in the Department of Sacatep\u00e9quez in Guatemala. It is a K\u02bciche\u02bc (Quich\u00e9) base relexified by Kaqchikel (Cakchiquel). During the colonial era, K\u02bciche\u02bc migrated to Sacatep\u00e9quez, in the heart of Kaqchikel territory, where they founded the village of Santa Mar\u00eda Cauque. Today only older adults retain the K\u02bciche\u02bc base to their speech: for younger speakers, the language has merged into Kaqchikel.Origins[edit]While the language’s grammatical base is from K\u02bciche\u02bc, its lexicon is supplied by Kaqchikel. It is generally thought that in the 15th century during the colonial period[clarification needed], its original K\u02bciche\u02bc speakers came from the area of what is now the Department of Quich\u00e9 and founded Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9. Currently, the aldea is west of Guatemala City and at least 100 miles from the nearest K\u02bciche\u02bc-speaking region.[2] The exact origin of this mixed language’s K\u02bciche\u02bcan grammatical base is not agreed upon, with some sources listing the K\u02bciche\u02bc dialect of Joyabaj as having been the contributing grammar,[2][3] while others state that the area of current-day city of Quetzaltenango is from where the original Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9 founders and their respective K\u02bciche\u02bc dialect came.[4] In any case, it is clear that a variety of the original K\u02bciche\u02bc language was brought into and has continued to manifest in the grammar of this Kaqchikel\u2013K\u02bciche\u02bc Mixed Language, while it demonstrates the result of relexification over time from the surrounding Kaqchikel language. This particular process of relexification of the original K\u02bciche\u02bc that had emigrated to a predominantly Kaqchikel-speaking region probably began with borrowing from the contact language (Kaqchikel) of roots and content morphemes, such as nouns and verbs.[5] This heavy lexical influence is understood to have been a significant deviation in “content” words from those that were part of the original Joyabaj dialect of K\u02bciche\u02bc to their current Kaqchikel counterparts in the Kaqchikel\u2013K\u02bciche\u02bc Mixed Language, while at the same time there has been no structural borrowing from the surrounding Kaqchikel to replace the grammar that appears to have originated from K\u02bciche\u02bc.[2]Features[edit]According to a preliminary phonological analysis by Paul S. Stevenson,[4] the speech of those from Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9 came from an original variety of K\u02bciche\u02bc, which now acts as the mixed language’s grammatical base. This evidence is realized in K\u02bciche\u02bc morphological-syntactic elements surrounding Kaqchikel vocabulary. This includes verb inflection for present tense-aspect marker, from which the K\u02bciche\u02bc prefix \/\/k-\/\/ is implemented, contrasted with the more typical Kaqchikel prefixes of \/\/y-\/\/ and \/\/n-\/\/. Furthermore, Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9  utilizes K\u02bciche\u02bc suffixes at the end of a phrase that indicate whether the verb was transitive or intransitive, \/\/-o\/\/~\/\/-u\/\/ or \/\/-ik\/\/ respectively, those which Kaqchikel does not.[4] In fact, the \/\/-ik\/\/ suffix can also be found with positionals in Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9.[6] Possession by a third person singular, preconsonantal, displays K\u02bciche\u02bc \/\/u-\/\/ and not Kaqchikel \/\/ru-\/\/. The third person pronoun is also affected, in that the mixed language shows a higher number of speakers displaying K\u02bciche\u02bc rare\u02bc ‘him\/her\/it’, instead of Kaqchikel rija\u02bc ‘him\/her\/it’. Function words are still marked by K\u02bciche\u02bc as well, with \/\/-uk\u02bc\/\/ ‘with’ and not Kaqchikel \/\/-ik\u02bcin\/\/. While the majority of grammatical elements in Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9 are presented in K\u02bciche\u02bc, the majority of lexical elements are realized in Kaqchikel.[4]Following Bakker and Muysken’s[5] criteria of mixed languages, the Cauqu\u00e9 Mixed Language, with its convergence of K\u02bciche\u02bc grammar and Kaqchikel lexicon, is a result of geographical and historical social influence of identity (L\u00f3pez 1999[3]). As documented in 1998[1] and 2003,[7] there are about 2,000 speakers of the Kaqchikel\u2013K\u02bciche\u02bc Mixed Language in the Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9 aldea. They are mainly adults older than 30 years of age, while there does not seem to be as much language transmission to the younger generations. These speakers also display bilingualism in the surrounding South Central Kaqchikel dialect, while the numbers of those also bilingual in Spanish continues to grow.[7] While there are previous assertions that the mixed language has not undergone structural borrowing,[2] there still appears to be a shift within the language to become more like South Central Kaqchikel,[1] since older speakers show more of a K\u02bciche\u02bc morphological-syntactic base.[7]References[edit]^ a b c Cauque Mayan at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ^ a b c d Romero, Sergio Francisco. 2006. Sociolinguistic Variation and Linguistic History in Mayan: The Case of K\u02bcichee\u02bc (Doctoral dissertation). University of Pennsylvania.^ a b Vel\u00e1sco, Miguel P\u00e9rez. 2014. Metodolog\u00eda para el Aprendizaje de la Lectura y Escritura del idioma Ixil con estudiantes de Quinto Magisterio Biling\u00fce Intercultural de la ENBI del municipio de Nebaj (Tesis de Grado). Universidad Rafael Land\u00edvar.^ a b c d Stevenson, Paul S. 1990. Santa Mar\u00eda Cauqu\u00e9: Un caso de mezcla de los idiomas Cakchiquel y Quiche. Serie gramatical, 5a. Guatemala: Instituto Ling\u00fc\u00edstico de Verano de Centroam\u00e9rica.^ a b Bakker, Peter & Pieter Muysken. 1994. \u201cMixed languages and language intertwining.\u201d Pidgins and Creoles: An introduction. Jacques Arends, Pieter Muysken, & Norval Smith (eds.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 41-52.^ Majzul, Filiberto Patal, Lolmay Pedro Oscar Garc\u00eda Matzar, & Ixchel Carmelina Espantzay Serech. 2000. Rujunamaxik ri Kaqchikel Chi\u02bc: Variaci\u00f3n Dialectal en Kaqchikel. Guatemala City: Cholsamaj.^ a b c Grimes, B. 2003. “Mixed Languages.” International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Volume 4 (second ed.). William J. Frawley (ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.Sources[edit]Paul Stevenson, 1990. Santa Maria Cauque: a case of Cakchiquel\u2013Quiche language mixing.  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/cauque-mayan-language-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Cauque Mayan language – Wikipedia"}}]}]