1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections

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House elections for the 33rd U.S. Congress

1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections
House033ElectionMap.png

The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852 and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1850 United States Census.

Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 Presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States’ Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.

Election summaries[edit]

Following the 1850 Census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233,[1] but later one seat was added to California’s delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.[2]

↓
158 4 1 71
Democratic FS I Whig
State Type Date Total seats Democratic Free Soil Whig Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Iowa Districts August 2, 1852 2 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Missouri Districts August 2, 1852 7 Increase2 3 Increase1 0 Steady 4 Increase1 0 Steady
Vermont Districts September 7, 1852 3 Decrease1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
Maine Districts September 13, 1852 6 Decrease1 3 Decrease2 0 Steady 3 Increase1 0 Steady
Florida At-large October 5, 1852 1 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
Indiana Districts October 12, 1852 11 Increase1 10 Increase2 0 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Steady
Ohio Districts October 12, 1852 21 Steady 12 Increase1 2 Increase1 7 Decrease2 0 Steady
Pennsylvania Districts October 12, 1852 25 Increase1 16 Increase1 0 Steady 9 Steady 0 Steady
California At-large November 2, 1852
(Election Day)[e]		 2 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois Districts 9 Increase2 5[f] Decrease1 0 Steady 4 Increase3 0 Steady
Michigan Districts 4 Increase1 4 Increase3 0 Steady 0 Decrease2 0 Steady
New Jersey Districts 5 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
New York Districts 33 Decrease1 21 Increase4 1 Increase1 10 Decrease7 1[g] Increase1
Wisconsin Districts 3 Steady 3 Increase1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady
Delaware At-large November 8, 1852 1 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Massachusetts Districts November 8, 1852 11 Increase1 1 Steady 1 Decrease1 9 Increase2 0 Steady
South Carolina Districts February 28 – March 1, 1853 6 Decrease1 6 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire Districts March 8, 1853 3 Decrease1 3 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease2 0 Steady
Connecticut Districts April 4, 1853 4 Steady 4 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
Rhode Island Districts April 6, 1853 2 Steady 2 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
Virginia Districts May 26, 1853 13 Decrease2 13 Steady 0 Steady 0 Decrease2 0 Steady
Arkansas Districts August 1, 1853 2 Increase1 2 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky Districts August 1, 1853 10 Steady 5 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady 0 Steady
Texas Districts August 1, 1853 2 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
North Carolina Districts August 4, 1853 8 Decrease1 5 Increase2 0 Steady 3 Decrease3 0 Steady
Tennessee Districts August 4, 1853 10 Decrease1 5 Decrease2 0 Steady 5 Increase1 0 Steady
Alabama Districts August 8, 1853 7 Steady 6 Increase2 0 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Decrease1[h]
Georgia Districts October 3, 1853 8 Steady 6 Increase6 0 Steady 2 Increase2 0 Decrease8[i]
Louisiana Districts November 1, 1853 4 Steady 3 Increase1 0 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Steady
Maryland Districts November 2, 1853 6 Steady 4 Increase2 0 Steady 2 Decrease2 0 Steady
Mississippi District + 1 at-large November 7–8, 1853 5 Increase1 5 Increase5 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Decrease4[j]
Total 234 Increase1 158[f]
67.5% 		Increase28 4
1.7% 		Steady 71
30.3% 		Decrease15 1
0.4% 		Decrease12
Popular vote
Democratic

 

 49.82%
Whig

 

 41.61%
Free Soil

 

 3.99%
Unionist

 

 0.70%
States’ Rights

 

 0.65%
Independent

 

 2.79%
Others

 

 0.44%
House seats
Democratic

 

 64.10%
Whig

 

 30.34%
Unionist

 

 2.14%
Free Soil

 

 1.71%
Southern Rights

 

 1.71%
Independent

 

 1.28%

Alabama[edit]

Arkansas[edit]

California[edit]

Note: From statehood to 1864, California’s representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.

Connecticut[edit]

Delaware[edit]

Florida[edit]

Georgia[edit]

Illinois[edit]

Indiana[edit]

Kentucky[edit]

Louisiana[edit]

Maryland[edit]

Massachusetts[edit]

The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.

Michigan[edit]

Mississippi[edit]

Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853

Missouri[edit]

New Hampshire[edit]

New Jersey[edit]

New York[edit]

North Carolina[edit]

Pennsylvania[edit]

Rhode Island[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

Tennessee[edit]

Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.

Vermont[edit]

Virginia[edit]

Wisconsin[edit]

Non-voting delegates[edit]

See also[edit]

  1. ^ Includes three Union Whigs and two Union Democrats.
  2. ^ Included three Independent Democrats and one Independent Whig.
  3. ^ Includes four Southern Rights Democrats.
  4. ^ Includes one Independent, one Independent Democrat, and the Benton Independent.
  5. ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  6. ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William Henry Bissell, elected to IL-08.
  7. ^ Caleb Lyon was elected to NY-23 as an Independent.
  8. ^ Previous election had 1 Constitutional Union member.
  9. ^ Previous election had 6 Constitutional Union and 2 States’ Rights.
  10. ^ Previous election had 3 Constitutional Union and 1 States’ Rights.
  11. ^ Full name unpublished in source, presumably Alexander Wilkin (Whig)

References[edit]

  1. ^ 9 Stat. 432
  2. ^ 10 Stat. 25
  3. ^ “Our Campaigns – CA – at Large Race – Nov 02, 1852”.
  4. ^ “Our Campaigns – MA District 1 – 1st Trial Race – Nov 08, 1852”.
  5. ^ “Our Campaigns – MA District 1 – 2nd Trial Race – Dec 13, 1852”.
  6. ^ “MI – District 01 Race – Nov 02, 1852”. Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  7. ^ “MI – District 02 Race – Nov 02, 1852”. Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  8. ^ “MI – District 03 Race – Nov 02, 1852”. Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  9. ^ “MI – District 04 Race – Nov 02, 1852”. Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  10. ^ “MS – At Large”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  11. ^ “MS – District 01”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  12. ^ “MS – District 02”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  13. ^ “MS – District 03”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  14. ^ “MS – District 04”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  15. ^ “TN – District 01”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  16. ^ “TN – District 02”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  17. ^ “TN – District 03”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  18. ^ “TN – District 04”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  19. ^ “TN – District 05”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  20. ^ “TN – District 06”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  21. ^ “TN – District 07”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  22. ^ “TN – District 08”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  23. ^ “TN – District 09”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  24. ^ “TN – District 10”. Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  25. ^ “Official Vote on Members of Congress”. The Weekly Wisconsin. December 8, 1852. p. 3. Retrieved May 23, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ Greeley, Horace (February 22, 1868). “The Tribune Almanac for the Years L838 to L868, Inclusive: Comprehending the Politician’s Register and the Whig Almanac, Containing Annual Election Returns by States and Counties … Political Essays … &c., Making a Connected Political History for Thirty Years”. New York tribune – via Google Books.
  27. ^ “Our Campaigns – NM Territorial Delegate Race – Oct 01, 1853”.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]


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