1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections

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House elections for the 12th U.S. Congress

1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections
US House 1810.svg

‘Results:
     Federalist hold      Federalist gain
     Democratic-Republican hold      Democratic-Republican gain
     Dissedent Republican hold      Undistricted

The 1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 24, 1810 and August 2, 1811. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 12th United States Congress convened on November 4, 1811. They occurred during President James Madison’s first term. Elections were held for all 142 seats, representing 17 states.

One newly elected Representative, Henry Clay, also was elected Speaker.

With the repeal of the Embargo Act of 1807, the economy improved. The opposition Federalists lost voter support and the Democratic-Republicans recovered a supermajority.

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Election summaries[edit]

↓
107 36
Democratic-Republican Federalist
State Type Date Total
seats 		Democratic-
Republican 		Federalist
Seats Change Seats Change
Kentucky Districts August 6, 1810 6 6 Steady 0 Steady
New York Districts April 24–26, 1810 17 12 Increase3 5 Decrease3
North Carolina Districts August 9, 1810 12 10 Increase1 2 Decrease1
Rhode Island At-large August 28, 1810 2 0 Steady 2 Steady
Connecticut At-large September 17, 1810 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
Georgia At-large October 1, 1810 4 4 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland Districts 9 6 Steady 3 Steady
Delaware At-large October 2, 1810 1 0 Steady 1 Steady
New Jersey At-large October 8–9, 1810 6 6 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina Districts 8 8 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio At-large October 9, 1810 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania Districts 18 17 Increase1 1 Decrease1
Vermont Districts November 4, 1810 4 3 Increase2 1 Decrease2
Massachusetts Districts November 5, 1810[c] 17 9 Increase2 8 Decrease2
Late elections (After the March 4, 1811 beginning of the next Congress)
Virginia Districts April 1811 22 17 Steady 5 Steady
New Hampshire At-large April 1, 1811[d] 5 4 Increase4 1 Decrease4
Tennessee Districts August 1–2, 1811 3 3 Steady 0 Steady
Total[b] 142 106
74.6% 		Increase13 36
25.4% 		Decrease13
House seats
Dem-Republican

 

 74.83%
Federalist

 

 25.17%

Special elections[edit]

There were special elections in 1810 and 1811 to the 11th United States Congress and 12th United States Congress.

Elections are sorted by date then district.

11th Congress[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 2 William Denning Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent resigned in 1810.
New member elected April 24–26, 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated December 4, 1810.[1]
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
Kentucky 5 Benjamin Howard Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent resigned April 10, 1810 to become Governor of Louisiana Territory.
New member elected August 6, 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated December 13, 1810.[1]
Successor did not run to the next term, see below.
Connecticut at-large Samuel W. Dana Federalist 1796 (Special) Incumbent resigned in May 1810 after election as U.S. senator.
New member elected September 17, 1810.
Federalist hold.
Successor seated December 3, 1810.[1]
Successor lost election to the next term, see below.
Maryland 4 Roger Nelson Democratic-Republican 1804 (Special) Incumbent resigned May 14, 1810 to become associate judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Maryland.
New member elected October 1, 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated December 7, 1810.[1]
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
Massachusetts 10
“Worcester South district” 		Jabez Upham Federalist 1806 Incumbent resigned in 1810.
New member elected October 8, 1810.
Federalist hold.
Successor seated December 13, 1810.[1]
Successor did not run to the next term, see below.
Massachusetts 11
“Worcester North district” 		William Stedman Federalist 1803 Incumbent resigned July 16, 1810 to become Clerk of Courts for Worcester County.
New member elected October 8, 1810.
Federalist hold.
Successor seated December 14, 1810.[1]
Successor later elected to the next term, see below.
New Jersey at-large James Cox Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent died September 12, 1810.
New member elected October 30–31, 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated December 3, 1810.[1]
Successor did not run to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY John A. Scudder (Democratic-Republican) 76.7%
  • John Linn (Democratic-Republican) 10.8%
  • Jacob S. Thompson (Democratic-Republican) 10.2%
  • Isaac Mickle (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%[7]
Virginia 1 John G. Jackson Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent resigned September 28, 1810 after being wounded in a duel.
New member elected November 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated December 21, 1810.[1]
Successor late lost election to the next term, see below.
Maryland 7 John Brown Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent resigned in 1810[f] to become clerk of the county court of Queen Anne’s County.
New member elected November 15, 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated December 3, 1810.[1]
New member was also elected by the same ballot to the next term, see below.[g]
South Carolina 1 Robert Marion Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent resigned December 4, 1810, having already retired.
New member elected December 31, 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated January 24, 1811.[1] Successor had already been elected to the next term, see below.

12th Congress[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 7 John Brown Democratic-Republican 1808 Representative-elect declined to serve to become clerk of the county court of Queen Anne’s County.
New member elected November 15, 1810.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated at the beginning of the Congress.[10]
New member was also elected by the same ballot to finish the current term, see above.[g]
Maryland 6 John Montgomery Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent resigned April 29, 1811 to become Attorney General of Maryland.
New member elected October 2, 1811.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated November 4, 1811.[10]
Massachusetts 4
“Middlesex district” 		Joseph B. Varnum Democratic-Republican 1795 Incumbent resigned June 29, 1811 when elected U.S. senator.
New member elected November 4, 1811.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated January 22, 1812.[10]		 First ballot (September 23, 1811):Second ballot (November 4, 1811):

Connecticut[edit]

Delaware[edit]

Georgia[edit]

Indiana Territory[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky[edit]

Maryland[edit]

Maryland held its elections October 1, 1810.

Massachusetts[edit]

Massachusetts held its elections November 5, 1810. Massachusetts law required a majority for election. This was not met in the 15th district necessitating a second election on April 1, 1811.

Mississippi Territory[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire[edit]

New Hampshire law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters (10%). In the initial election, only two candidates won a majority, so a second election was held in April 1811 for the remaining three seats, after the congressional term began but before the Congress formally convened. The data from the source used give majorities to all the top five candidates, suggesting that the data are incomplete.

New Jersey[edit]

The Federalists ran no official ticket in 1810, but votes were received for various Federalists in some counties.

New York[edit]

North Carolina[edit]

This was the last election in which Ohio had a single at-large district. Due to rapid population growth in the state, the at-large district had become disproportionately populous by this point.

Pennsylvania[edit]

Rhode Island[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

Tennessee[edit]

Vermont[edit]

Virginia[edit]

Non-voting delegates[edit]

There were five territories with the right to send non-voting delegates to the 12th Congress. Two of them, Illinois Territory and Missouri Territory elected their first representative near the end of the 12th Congress in 1812, while Orleans Territory’s seat remained vacant until the territory was admitted as the State of Louisiana.

See also[edit]

  1. ^ Excludes states admitted during the 12th Congress.
  2. ^ a b c Includes late elections.
  3. ^ Majority required for election, which was not met in one district, so a second election held April 1, 1811.
  4. ^ First ballot held August 27, 1810 but required majority was not met, so a second election was held April 1, 1811.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source(s).
  6. ^ John Brown’s resignation date is unknown, but it had to be after his October 1, 1810 re-election and before the November 15, 1810 special election to replace him.
  7. ^ a b The vacancies, for the remainder of the 11th Congress and the whole of the 12th Congress, were both filled by one ballot. This was the first of three examples of this method being used in Congressional special elections.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Based on incomplete returns
  9. ^ a b c d e f Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
  10. ^ a b Tied
  11. ^ Changed parties
  12. ^ Source did not have full name
  13. ^ Detailed data not available, but margin of victory given as 223 votes

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j “11th Congress March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1811”. Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
  2. ^ “New York 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  3. ^ “Connecticut 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  4. ^ “Maryland 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  5. ^ “Massachusetts 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Worcester South District, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  6. ^ “Massachusetts 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Worcester North District, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  7. ^ “New Jersey 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  8. ^ a b “Maryland 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
  9. ^ “South Carolina 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d “12th Congress March 4, 1811, to March 3, 1813”. Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
  11. ^ “Maryland 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
  12. ^ “Massachusetts 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, Middlesex District, Special”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  13. ^ “Massachusetts 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, Middlesex District, Special, Ballot 2”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  14. ^ “NH At-Large”. January 4, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  15. ^ “NH At-Large – Runoff”. January 4, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  16. ^ Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
  17. ^ “Virginia 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  18. ^ “Virginia 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8”. Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 3, 2018.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]


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