[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ahmad-ibn-majid-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ahmad-ibn-majid-wikipedia\/","headline":"Ahmad ibn M\u0101jid – Wikipedia","name":"Ahmad ibn M\u0101jid – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Arab navigator and cartographer Ahmad ibn M\u0101jid after-content-x4 Born c.\u20091432 Died c.\u20091500 Other\u00a0names","datePublished":"2022-06-02","dateModified":"2022-06-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Ibn_Majid_Gulf_of_Berbera.png\/200px-Ibn_Majid_Gulf_of_Berbera.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Ibn_Majid_Gulf_of_Berbera.png\/200px-Ibn_Majid_Gulf_of_Berbera.png","height":"205","width":"200"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ahmad-ibn-majid-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":3917,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Arab navigator and cartographerAhmad ibn M\u0101jid       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Bornc.\u20091432Diedc.\u20091500Other\u00a0namesThe Lion of the SeaOccupationNavigator\/CartographerYears\u00a0activec.\u20091450\u00a0\u2013 c.\u20091500Known\u00a0forNavigatorNotable workThe Book of the Benefits of the Principles and Foundations of Seamanship (Kit\u0101b al-faw\u0101\u2019id f\u012b u\u1e63\u016bl \u02bfilm al-ba\u1e25r wa-l-qaw\u0101\u2019id)A\u1e25mad ibn M\u0101jid (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f), known as “Am\u012br al-Ba\u1e25r al-\u02bfArab\u012b” in Arabic (Arabic: \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a), \u201cPrince of the Sea\u201d and known also as the Lion of the Sea,[1] was an Arab navigator and cartographer born c.\u20091432[2] in Julfar, (present-day Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates). He was raised in a family famous for seafaring; at the age of seventeen he was able to navigate ships. The exact date is not known, but Ibn M\u0101jid probably died around 1500. Although long identified in the West as the navigator who helped Vasco da Gama find his way from Africa to India, contemporary research has shown Ibn M\u0101jid is unlikely even to have met Da Gama.[3] Ibn M\u0101jid was the author of nearly forty works of poetry and prose.At the beginning of his magnum opus, the Faw\u0101\u02beid (see below), Ibn M\u0101jid gives his name in full as \u1e24\u0101jj al-\u1e24aramayn al-Shar\u012bfayn Shih\u0101b al-D\u012bn A\u1e25mad ibn M\u0101jid ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAmr ibn Fa\u1e0dl ibn Duwayk ibn Y\u016bsuf ibn \u1e24asan ibn \u1e24usayn ibn Ab\u012b Mu\u02bfallaq al-Sa\u02bfd\u012b ibn Ab\u012b Rak\u0101\u02beib al-Najd\u012b (Arabic: \u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a).[4] The Najd\u012b and Sa\u02bfd\u012b titles relate his lineage to the central Arabian Peninsula and to the Yemeni Tihamah respectively.         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4A selection from the Kit\u0101b al-Faw\u0101\u2019id f\u012b U\u1e63\u016bl \u2018Ilm al-Ba\u1e25r wa \u2019l-Qaw\u0101\u2019id with Ibn Majid referring to the Gulf of Aden by its old name the Gulf of BerberaIbn M\u0101jid wrote several books on marine science and the movements of ships, which helped people of the Persian Gulf to reach the coasts of India, East Africa and other destinations. Among his many books on navigation, Kit\u0101b al-Faw\u0101\u2019id f\u012b U\u1e63\u016bl \u02bfIlm al-Ba\u1e25r wa\u2019l-Qaw\u0101\u02bfid (The Book of the Benefits of the Principles and Foundations of Seamanship) is considered one of his best.[5] It is an encyclopedia, describing the history and basic principles of navigation, latitude and longitude by way of celestial navigation,[6]lunar mansions, loxodromes, the difference between coastal and open-sea sailing, the locations of ports from East Africa to Indonesia, accounts of the monsoon and other seasonal winds, typhoons and other topics for professional navigators. He drew from his own experience and that of his father, also a famous navigator, and the lore of generations of Indian Ocean sailors. The book encompassed the entire science of navigation in the Indian Ocean at the time.[7]Ibn M\u0101jid was known as a mu\u02bfallim (\u201cteacher\u201d, the title for pilots), i.e. teacher of navigation. Most of his navigational calculations depended on sophisticated astronomical observations, especially using the lunar mansions (man\u0101zil al-qamar) and the thirty-two stellar rhumbs (akhn\u0101n).[7]Although Ibn M\u0101jid was long held to have helped the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama cross from Africa to the Indian subcontinent, contemporary research has shown that he would have been in his seventies at the time of Da Gama\u2019s trip. The actual pilot who sailed with Da Gama was a Gujarati and may have returned to Portugal with da Gama.[8][3] The man was provided to Da Gama by the Ruler of Malindi and was assumed by Da Gama and his men to be a Christian. He guided Da Gama\u2019s ships to Mount Eli on the Indian coast after a 23-day voyage.[9]Researchers have also used the three rutters of Ibn M\u0101jid, particularly the \u2018Sofala Rutter\u2019, to comprehensively debunk the entire story of Ibn M\u0101jid and any association with Da Gama. The evidence in these, letters written by da Gama himself and Ibn M\u0101jid\u2019s age (he considered himself too old to navigate in 1498, when da Gama arrived in Malindi\u2014Ibn M\u0101jid would have been 77), all provide a strong refutation of the entire story and it is now accepted as highly unlikely that Ibn M\u0101jid had ever even met Da Gama, let alone given him the route to India.[10] However, his printed works are thought to have been a valuable source for the Portuguese when they arrived in the region.[7]Remembered as \u201cThe Lion of the Sea\u201d, Ibn M\u0101jid’s true legacy was the substantial body of literature on navigation that he left behind. Arab sailing was at a pinnacle during Ibn M\u0101jid’s lifetime, when both Europeans and Ottomans had only a limited understanding of geography in the Indian Ocean. His Kit\u0101b al-Faw\u0101\u02beid was widely utilized by Arab sailors, and comprised celestial navigation, weather patterns, and charts of dangerous areas in which to sail. This tome, in addition to his poetic works, were the true legacy of the sailor. Two of Ibn M\u0101jid\u2019s famous hand-written books are now prominent exhibits in the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France.[11]Table of ContentsIn popular culture[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]General References[edit]External links[edit]In popular culture[edit]In the television series Star Trek: Picard, set in the future, the character Crist\u00f3bal “Chris” R\u00edos (portrayed by Santiago Cabrera) is a former Starfleet officer who once served on the Federation starship USS Ibn Majid, NCC-75710, as revealed in the 2020 episode “Broken Pieces”.See also[edit]References[edit]^ Zacharias, Anna (2012-11-24). “‘Lion of the Sea’ – 500 years ago may be the new face of tourism”. The National. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2020-03-21. Ahmed bin Majid was a navigator, poet and scholar of such respect that he is known among mariners as “the Lion of the Sea” more than five centuries after his death.^ Lunde, Paul (2005-08-01). “The Navigator: Ahmad Ibn Majid”. AramcoWorld. Vol.\u00a056, no.\u00a04. Houston, Texas. pp.\u00a045\u201348. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2020-03-21.^ a b “Ruler of Sharjah revisits the Porto library that led him to an important discovery”. The National. Retrieved 2020-10-04.^ This is the wording in the Paris and Damascus manuscripts of the Faw\u0101\u02beid, slightly different from the earlier Oxford Ms. See links to the Mss online.^ “Ibn Majid”. Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2005. ISBN\u00a0978-1-135-45932-1.^ Hazem, Bashir (2014-06-11). “Sultan Al Qasimi: I will exert the necessary efforts to search for answers for researchers’ inquiries about Ahmed Ibn Majid”. Emirates News Agency. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2020-03-21.^ a b c Al-Salman, Mohamed Hameed (June 2012). “Arabian Gulf in the Era of Portuguese Dominance: A Study in Historical Sources”. Liwa. 4: 32.^ Tibbetts, Gerald Randall (1971). Arab navigation in the Indian Ocean before the coming of the Portuguese: being a translation of Kit\u0101b al-Faw\u0101\u02bcid f\u012b u\u1e63\u016bl al-ba\u1e25r wa\u02bcl-qaw\u0101\u02bcid of A\u1e25mad b. M\u0101jid al-Najd\u012b; together with an introduction on the history of Arab navigation, notes on the navigational techniques and on the topography of the Indian Ocean and a glossary of navigational terms. Oriental Translation Fund, New Series. Vol.\u00a042. London: The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. ISBN\u00a0978-0-718-90900-0. OCLC\u00a09283280.^ Cliff, Nigel (2012). The last crusade\u00a0: the epic voyages of Vasco da Gama. London: Atlantic. p.\u00a0214. ISBN\u00a0978-1-84887-017-8. OCLC\u00a0784016799.^ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. (1997). The career and legend of Vasco da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN\u00a00-521-47072-2. OCLC\u00a034990029.^ Momin, A. R. (2019-04-15). “Vasco da Gama’s Voyage to India and the Ibn Majid Connection”. The IOS (Institute of Objective Studies) Minaret: An online Islamic magazine. Vol.\u00a013, no.\u00a015, Leaves from Islamic History and Culture. New Delhi, India. Archived from the original on 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2020-03-21.General References[edit]Al-Salimi, Abdulrahman (2002). “Different succession chronologies of the Nabhani dynasty in Oman”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Vol.\u00a032. ISBN\u00a02503513360.Al Salimi, Abdulrahman, and Eric Staples. 2019. A Maritime Lexicon: Arabic Nautical Terminology in the Indian Ocean. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures, Helaine Selin, Springer Science & Business Media – 2013, Page: 424, ISBN\u00a09789401714167.Khoury, Ibrahim. 2001. A\u1e25mad ibn M\u0101jid, \u1e25ay\u0101tuh, mu\u02bealaf\u0101tuh, isti\u1e25\u0101la liq\u0101\u02beihi bi-F\u0101sk\u016b d\u012b Gh\u0101m\u0101 [A\u1e25mad ibn M\u0101jid, his Life, his Writings, and the Impossibility of His Meeting with Vasco da Gama]. Ras al-Khaima, Markaz al-dir\u0101sa wa-al-wath\u0101\u02beiq.Malh\u00e3o Pereira, Jos\u00e9 Manuel. 2004. As t\u00e9cnicas n\u00e1uticas preg\u00e2micas no \u00cdndico. Lisbon: Academia de Marinha.Shih\u0101b, \u1e24asan \u1e62\u0101li\u1e25. 1982. Fann al-mil\u0101\u1e25ah \u02bfinda al-\u02bfarab (The Art of Navigation Among the Arabs). Beirut: D\u0101r al-\u02bfAwdah.Khal Torabully, \u201cThe Maritime Memory of the Arabs\u201d, documentary film (52′) showing Arab navigation in the Indian Ocean, with a special attention to Ahmad bin Majid, Chamarel Film\/Productions La Lanterne, 2000.External links[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/ahmad-ibn-majid-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Ahmad ibn M\u0101jid – Wikipedia"}}]}]