[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/australian-region-tropical-cyclone-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/australian-region-tropical-cyclone-wikipedia\/","headline":"Australian region tropical cyclone – Wikipedia","name":"Australian region tropical cyclone – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Classification of a tropical cyclone between 90\u00b0E and 160\u00b0E An Australian region tropical","datePublished":"2017-12-07","dateModified":"2017-12-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/australian-region-tropical-cyclone-wikipedia\/","wordCount":6376,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Classification of a tropical cyclone between 90\u00b0E and 160\u00b0EAn Australian region tropical cyclone is a non-frontal, low-pressure system that has developed within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft in either the Southern Indian Ocean or the South Pacific Ocean.[1] Within the Southern Hemisphere there are officially three areas where tropical cyclones develop on a regular basis:  the South-West Indian Ocean between Africa and 90\u00b0E, the Australian region between 90\u00b0E and 160\u00b0E, and the South Pacific basin between 160\u00b0E and 120\u00b0W. The Australian region between 90\u00b0E and 160\u00b0E is officially monitored by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency, and the Papua New Guinea National Weather Service, while others like the Fiji Meteorological Service and the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also monitor the basin. Each tropical cyclone year within this basin starts on 1 July and runs throughout the year, encompassing the tropical cyclone season, which runs from 1 November and lasts until 30 April each season. Within the basin, most tropical cyclones have their origins within the South Pacific convergence zone or within the Northern Australian monsoon trough, both of which form an extensive area of cloudiness and are dominant features of the season. Within this region a tropical disturbance is classified as a tropical cyclone when it has 10-minute sustained wind speeds of more than 65\u00a0km\/h (35\u00a0mph) that wrap halfway around the low level circulation centre, while a severe tropical cyclone is classified when the maximum 10-minute sustained wind speeds are greater than 120\u00a0km\/h (75\u00a0mph).       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsBasin history[edit]Background[edit]Australian tropical cyclone outlook regions[edit]Seasons[edit]Before 1900[edit]1900\u20131909[edit]1910\u20131919[edit]1920\u20131929[edit]1930\u20131939[edit]1940\u20131949[edit]1950\u20131959[edit]1960\u20131969[edit]1970s[edit]1980s[edit]1990s[edit]2000s[edit]2010s[edit]2020s[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Basin history[edit]There is a history of tropical cyclones affecting northeastern Australia for over 5000 years; however, Clement Lindley Wragge was the first person to monitor and name them.[2]In the early history of tropical cyclones in the Australian region, the only evidence of a storm was based on ship reports and observations from land. Later, satellite imagery began in the basin in the 1959-60 season, although it was not continuous until 1970. In Western Australia in particular, the lack of population centers, shipping lanes, radars, and offshore stations meant that storms were tracked infrequently. After the onset of satellite imagery, the Dvorak technique was used to estimate storms’ intensities and locations.[3]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Each of three tropical cyclone warning centres (TCWCs) of the Bureau of Meteorology in Perth, Darwin and Brisbane used its own tropical cyclone naming list until the 2008\u201309 season, when the three TCWCs started to use the single Australian national naming list. From the 2020\u201321 season, the three TCWCs were unified into one single TCWC which still monitors all tropical cyclones that form within the Australian region, including any within the areas of responsibility of TCWC Jakarta or TCWC Port Moresby.[4] Later in 2021, the Australian tropical cyclone warning centre was officially named as TCWC Melbourne.[5]Background[edit]The Australian region is currently defined as being between 90\u00b0E and 160\u00b0E, and is monitored by five different warning centres during the season, which runs from 1 November to 30 April.[citation needed]Australian tropical cyclone outlook regions[edit]The Bureau of Meteorology defines four regions within the Australian region which are used when the bureau issues tropical cyclone seasonal outlooks every year. These four regions are named the Western region, the Northwestern sub-region, the Northern region and the Eastern region. The Australian region overall averages eleven tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region as a whole to have a high level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.[6]The Western region encompasses the area east of 90\u00b0E and west of 125\u00b0E.[6] The region covers the eastern Indian Ocean including the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island, and waters off Western Australia west of Kuri Bay. The region also covers waters off Indonesia that include the main islands of Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores and the western half of Timor. The region averages seven tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region to have a low level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.[6]The Northwestern sub-region encompasses the area east of 105\u00b0E, west of 130\u00b0E and north of 25\u00b0S.[6] The sub-region covers waters off Western Australia north of Shark Bay, and extends westward to Christmas Island. The sub-region also covers waters off Indonesia as far west as Java and as far east as Timor. The sub-region averages five tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the sub-region to have a moderate level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.[6]The Northern region encompasses the area east of 125\u00b0E and west of 142.5\u00b0E.[6] The region covers the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. The region averages three tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region to have a very low level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.[6]The Eastern region encompasses the area east of 142.5\u00b0E and west of 160\u00b0E.[6] The region covers waters east of Torres Strait and includes the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea. Lord Howe Island lies within the region, but Norfolk Island lies east of the region, although the bureau continues to monitor tropical cyclones when they are a threat to the external territory.[7] The region also covers waters off Papua New Guinea and western parts of the Solomon Islands. The region averages four tropical cyclones in a season, and the bureau assesses the region to have a low level of accuracy when forecasting tropical cyclone activity.[6]Seasons[edit]Historical storm formation by month between 1990 and 2020JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec\u00a0 Category 5\u00a0 Category 4\u00a0 Category 3\u00a0 Category 2\u00a0 Category 1\u00a0 Tropical lowBefore 1900[edit]1900\u20131909[edit]1910\u20131919[edit]1920\u20131929[edit]1930\u20131939[edit]1940\u20131949[edit]1950\u20131959[edit]1960\u20131969[edit]1970s[edit]SeasonTLTCSTCStrongeststormDeathsDamageRetired namesReferences1970\u201371202010\u00a05\u00a0 Sheila-SophieUnknown?\u00a01\u00a0 Dora\u00a03\u00a0 Fiona-Gertie1971\u201372181810\u00a04\u00a0 EmilyUnknown?\u00a04\u00a0 Althea\u00a03\u00a0 Daisy\u00a04\u00a0 Emily1972\u20137315158\u00a03\u00a0 Flores>1,574?\u00a04\u00a0 Madge[8]1973\u20137419199\u00a03\u00a0 JessieUnknown?\u00a02\u00a0 Wanda1974\u20137516167\u00a05\u00a0 Trixie>71?\u00a04\u00a0 Tracy\u00a05\u00a0 Trixie1975\u20137616158\u00a05\u00a0 JoanUnknown?\u00a05\u00a0 Joan\u00a03\u00a0 David\u00a03\u00a0 Beth1976\u20137713136\u00a04\u00a0 TedUnknown?\u00a04\u00a0 Ted1977\u201378952\u00a05\u00a0 AlbyUnknown?\u00a05\u00a0 Alby1978\u20137913125\u00a04\u00a0 HazelUnknown?1979\u20138015159\u00a05\u00a0 AmyUnknown?\u00a04\u00a0 Simon1980s[edit]SeasonTLTCSTCStrongeststormDeathsDamageRetired NamesReferences1980\u201381141411\u00a05\u00a0 MabelUnknownUnknown\u00a03\u00a0 Cliff1981\u20138215157\u00a04\u00a0 Chris-DamiaUnknownUnknown1982\u201383775\u00a05\u00a0 ElinorUnknownUnknown\u00a04\u00a0 Jane\u00a04\u00a0 Elinor1983\u201384222111\u00a05\u00a0 Kathy1$19 million\u00a05\u00a0 Kathy\u00a02\u00a0 Lance1984\u201385201811\u00a05\u00a0 Kristy0$3.5  million\u00a03\u00a0 Nigel\u00a04\u00a0 Sandy\u00a03\u00a0 Margot1985\u20138617168\u00a04\u00a0 Victor153$250 million\u00a03\u00a0 Winifred\u00a03\u00a0 Manu1986\u201387972\u00a04\u00a0 Elsie0None\u00a03\u00a0 Connie\u00a02\u00a0 Jason\u00a04\u00a0 Elsie1987\u201388652\u00a04\u00a0 Gwenda-Ezenina1$17.9 million\u00a02\u00a0 Agi\u00a02\u00a0 Charlie\u00a01\u00a0 Herbie1988\u20138914136\u00a05\u00a0 Orson6$93.9 million\u00a03\u00a0 Ilona\u00a02\u00a0 Delilah\u00a04\u00a0 Ned\u00a05\u00a0 Aivu\u00a05\u00a0 Orson1989\u20139014144\u00a05\u00a0 AlexUnknownUnknown\u00a02\u00a0 Pedro\u00a03\u00a0 Felicity\u00a02\u00a0 Tina\u00a04\u00a0 Ivor1990s[edit]SeasonTLTCSTCStrongeststormDeathsDamageRetired namesReferences1990\u20139112107\u00a04\u00a0 Marian27\u00a04\u00a0 Joy\u00a02\u00a0 Daphne\u00a02\u00a0 Fifi1991\u20139212109\u00a05\u00a0 Graham5$9.4\u00a0million\u00a02\u00a0 Mark\u00a04\u00a0 Ian1992\u201393884\u00a04\u00a0 Oliver0$950\u00a0million\u00a04\u00a0 Nina\u00a02\u00a0 Lena\u00a04\u00a0 Oliver\u00a02\u00a0 Roger\u00a03\u00a0 Adel1993\u20139414127\u00a05\u00a0 Theodore22\u00a03\u00a0 Naomi\u00a03\u00a0 Pearl\u00a03\u00a0 Quenton\u00a05\u00a0 Theodore\u00a04\u00a0 Sharon1994\u2013951966\u00a05\u00a0 Chloe1\u00a04\u00a0 Annette\u00a04\u00a0 Bobby\u00a03\u00a0 Violet\u00a03\u00a0 Warren\u00a05\u00a0 Chloe\u00a04\u00a0 Agnes1995\u20139619159\u00a04\u00a0 Olivia1$58.5\u00a0million\u00a04\u00a0 Frank\u00a03\u00a0 Gertie\u00a04\u00a0 Barry\u00a03\u00a0 Celeste\u00a02\u00a0 Ethel\u00a04\u00a0 Kirsty\u00a04\u00a0 Olivia1996\u20139717155\u00a04\u00a0 Pancho34$190\u00a0million\u00a01\u00a0 Lindsay\u00a03\u00a0 Fergus\u00a03\u00a0 Rachel\u00a03\u00a0 Justin\u00a04\u00a0 Rhonda1997\u2013981194\u00a04\u00a0 Tiffany\u00a01\u00a0 Sid\u00a04\u00a0 Katrina[9]1998\u20139921149\u00a05\u00a0 Gwenda8$250\u00a0million\u00a05\u00a0 Thelma\u00a03\u00a0 Rona\u00a05\u00a0 Vance\u00a04\u00a0 Elaine\u00a05\u00a0 Gwenda[9]1999-0014125\u00a05\u00a0 Paul0$251\u00a0million\u00a05\u00a0 John\u00a02\u00a0 Steve\u00a03\u00a0 Tessi\u00a05\u00a0 Rosita[9]14711165Gwenda98\u2265$1.71\u00a0billion2000s[edit]2010s[edit]2020s[edit]See also[edit]^ Number of tropical lows and tropical cyclones excludes Tropical Cyclone Raquel, which was considered to have been a part of the 2014-15 year.[12]References[edit]External links[edit]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki24\/australian-region-tropical-cyclone-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Australian region tropical cyclone – Wikipedia"}}]}]